(C) 1 million years ago is the approximate time that the species diverge. This is because Genetic analysis at a neutral locus indicates that these species differ by 100 substitutions. If there are 10 substitutions separating species 1 and 2.
Divergence in evolutionary biology refers to an evolutionary process in which a population of an inbreeding species splits into two or more descendant species that have progressively diverged in their morphologies and structural characteristics.
The difference between species 1 and 3 is 100 substitutions, and humans split off 10 million years ago. As a result, there will be 10 substitutions in a million years. As a result, 1 million years ago, species 1 and 2, which are divided by 10 substitution, diverged.
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Question correction:
Imagine that, of three species, it is known that species 1 and 3 were separated 10 million years ago, based on geologic measurements. Genetic analysis at a neutral locus indicates that these species differ by 100 substitutions. If there are 10 substitutions separating species 1 and 2, approximately how long ago did these species diverge?
A. 0.1 million years ago
B. 10 million years ago
C. 1 million years ago
D. 100 million years ago
Which term refers to the breakdown of glucose in human muscle cells when oxygen is insufficient due to muscle fatigue?
Anaerobic Glycolysis term refers to the breakdown of glucose in human muscle cells when oxygen is insufficient due to muscle fatigue.
The typical pathway of glycolysis is redirected through anaerobic glycolysis to yield lactate. It happens when there is a need for energy without oxygen. It is essential for tissues with high energy needs, low oxygen levels, or those lacking oxidative enzymes. Pyruvate is designated as the pathway's end product under aerobic settings, while lactate is the end result under anaerobic ones. Pyruvate is converted to lactate in anaerobic conditions by anaerobic glycolysis. The production of two ATP molecules occurs during anaerobic respiration. The enzymes that drive glycolysis are unable to function in an acidic environment, thus if a muscle cell becomes excessively acidic, the muscle stops working. Pyruvate and H+, two byproducts of anaerobic glycolysis, are produced during intense exercise.
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what happens to a person who has scurvy
Answer:
Scurvy is a sign of severe malnutrition, specifically a lack of vitamin C. Hair follicles can become clogged with keratin, old wounds may reopen and new sores begin to form. Parts of your body may swell, particularly your arms and legs. If left untreated, scurvy can lead to death from bleeding or infection
The primary interaction of muscles and the nervous system involves the alpha motor neurons, which originate in the ________, exit through the ________, and terminate in the muscles.
The primary interaction of muscles and the nervous system involves the alpha motor neurons, which originate in the spinal cord, exit through the ventral root, and terminate in the muscles.
Spinal Cord- The spinal cord is a lengthy band of tissue that resembles a tube. The spinal cord relays nerve messages back and forth between the body and the brain. These nerve messages facilitate the body's mobility and senses.
Ventral Root- Motor and visceral efferent fibers' axons, known as ventral root fibers, arise as ventral rootlets from the ill-defined ventral lateral sulcus. The ventral root, which contains motor nerve axons from motor and visceral motor neurons, is formed when the ventral rootlets from separate spinal cord sections combine.
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Natural fibers, such as wool or cotton, will give a better protection when welding than synthetic fibers like polyester. True or false?.
Natural fibres will not give better protection during welding than synthetic fibres. So the statement is false.
What are synthetic fibres?Only the polymers contained in natural gas and petroleum byproducts are used to make synthetic fibres. Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres, and the majority of them are manufactured from petrochemicals, a byproduct of the processing of petroleum.
Fibers are the basis for all textiles, and they come from artificial or man-made sources. They have formed up either a tiny unit or a polymer that is constructed from several repeating monomeric building blocks. They consist of polypropylene, nylon, acrylics, and polyurethane. These fibres are manufactured in massive quantities annually all around the world.
Therefore, the statement is false.
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Structural family therapy is? a) primarily concerned with pathological families. b) geared to past obligations. c) concerned with the context of family structures.
Structural family therapy is c) concerned with the context of family structures.
Structural family therapy can be described as a kind of therapy in which a whole family structure is taken into consideration for the intervention of a particular family.
Instead of focusing on a single member, the therapist focuses on the entire family combined in order to solve their issues. The therapist looks at the habits, ways of communication, routines, etc of the family members and suggests what changes need to be made in the family for it to evolve together.
Structural family therapy is an evidence-based approach that helps to treat families that have suffered from trauma, mishap, or have a mental disorder running in the family. The treatment of the whole family is concerned in such a therapy.
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The development and spread of a new gene for antibiotic-resistance in a population of bacteria that are exposed to that antibiotic would mean that trait is a(n) _____.
The development and spread of a new gene for antibiotic resistance in a population of bacteria that are exposed to that antibiotic would mean that trait is a(n) adaptation.
In the field of biology, an adaptation can be described as a particular feature or characteristic that allows an organism to survive in an environment.
Organisms that can better adapt to changing conditions are more likely to survive and reproduce.
When a colony of bacteria incorporates a gene for resistance against a certain antibiotic, then this action is an example of an adaptation of the bacterial colony. The bacteria can now grow in that antibiotic medium because they have antibiotic resistance gene for it. This makes the bacterial colony more adaptable to survive in the antibiotic medium.
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The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not.
a. true
b. false
It is true that the dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not.
Epidermis is the outermost payer of the skin. It has no supply of blood vessels hence it gets its nutrients and other requirements from the dermis layer. The function of epidermis is to protect the layers below it from the outer environment, harmful pathogens and also protect the moisture if the skin.
Dermis is the layer present beneath the epidermis and is very thick. This layer is considered to be the real skin. The reason for it is that dermis has all the necessary components of the skin like blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands, etc.
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In _____________ molecules show a net movement from greater to lesser concentration due to the random motion of the molecules.
In diffusion molecules show a net movement from greater to lesser concentration due to the random motion of the molecules.
What is diffusion ?The net movement of anything, typically from a place of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, is known as diffusion. A gradient in the Gibbs free energy or chemical potential drives diffusion.
What is diffusion process of cell?In order to achieve equilibrium, diffusion is the random movement of molecules with a net direction toward areas of lower concentration. When tiny molecules travel through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane, simple passive diffusion takes place.
Examples of diffusion :The mingling of two substances as a result of the motion of their particles is known as diffusion. Diffusion is demonstrated by the way a room fills with the scent of perfume.Due to the huge particle spacing and high kinetic energy, gases spread quickly.To know more about kinetic energy visit :
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A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme. A polar amino acid was changed to a nonpolar amino acid. What is a likely result of this mutation?.
Answer:
Sucrase will not be able to bind in the active site
A single amino acid substitution—from a polar to the nonpolar amino acid—occurred in the active region of the enzyme as just a result of a mutation within the gene which codes for the enzyme sucrase. Mostly what likely resulted from this mutation. An active site would not allow sucrase to bind.
The connection between the two sugars which comprise sucrose is disrupted when sucrose attaches towards the sucrase active site. The Fructose as well as glucose are released when the connection breaks.
The human body contains sucrase, but where exactly can you find it there?
A partly integrated integral protein called sucrose isomaltase (SI) is found within the small intestine's brush border.
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Dialysis uses the process of:_____.
a. facilitated diffusion.
b. primary active transport
c. simple diffusion
d. secondary active transport
Dialysis uses the process of simple diffusion.
Dialysis is a kind of treatment that performs some of the functions generally performed by healthy kidneys when the kidneys of the patient are not working properly. Dialysis helps to prevent the accumulation of salt and waste in the body by removing them. When the process of dialysis involves an artificial kidney it is termed hemodialysis while when the blood is cleaned inside the body it is termed peritoneal dialysis.
Simple diffusion is a process in which the solutes pass through a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Simple diffusion is used in dialysis as waste in the blood is in high concentration so it moves across the semi-permeable membrane to the dialysate.
All other options, such as facilitated diffusion is false as they are not used in the process of dialysis.
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For a monohybrid cross, suppose two true-breeding parents are crossed and their offspring (f1) are self-crossed. what genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation?
1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic
1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios do you expect to observe in the f2 generation.
What is meant by genotypic ratio?The ratio that represents the various genotypes of a test cross' offspring is called the genotypic ratio. It depicts the distribution of children in accordance with genotype, the genetic makeup that determines an organism's phenotype.What is phenotypic ratio?A phenotypic ratio is a numerical comparison of two phenotypes that demonstrates how frequently the occurrence of one trait corresponds with another. The phenotypic ratio produced from a test cross is used by researchers to determine the gene expression for generations of an organism.A monohybrid cross is what?A monohybrid cross is made up of two homozygous individuals that have the opposing phenotype for a particular genetic characteristic. "A monohybrid cross is a cross between two monohybrid characteristics (TT and tt)." The monohybrid cross is in charge of passing one gene on.To learn more about monohybrid cross visit:
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An atoms atomic number is the sum of the protons and nuetrons in the nucleus.
true
false
Answer:
The answer is true
Explanation:
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic number (Z). The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. The mass number of the atom (M) is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with alcoholic blank______, which is a global decline of intellect.
Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with Alcoholic dementia.
Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) is a type of dementia brought on by prolonged, excessive alcohol use, which damages the brain and impairs cognitive function.
Wet brain, sometimes referred to as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, is another type of ARD that is characterized by short-term memory loss and thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.
Patients with ARD frequently exhibit both type's symptoms, such as memory loss, apathy, and impaired planning. ARD may coexist with different types of dementia (mixed dementia). Despite being widely accepted, the diagnosis of ARD is only occasionally used because there aren't any clear diagnostic criteria.
Hence, the patients with generalized loss of brain tissue due to direct consumption of alcohol suffers from alcoholic dementia which causes memory loss and many other problems.
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What information would one use to determine the type of economic system that a country has?
The information needed would be the breakdown on who owns the businesses in the country and how much control the government has upon business regulation, taxes, etc
What is economic system ?The government plans and distributes available services, resources, and goods across the nation using an economic system as a tool. Economic systems combine wealth, labour, physical resources, and businesspeople to manage the components of production.
Countries and governments transfer resources and trade products and services through economic systems. The five production factors—labour, capital, entrepreneurs, physical resources, and information resources—are managed by them.Learn more about Economic system here:
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Twins are twins who are nearly identical, whereas __________ twins come from two separate ova.
Monozygotic twins are twins who are nearly identical, whereas dizygotic twins come from two separate ova.
Monozygotic twins- Identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins, are produced when a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm, resulting in the fertilized egg dividing into two. Identical twins always have the same sex and have the same DNA.
Dizygotic twins- Dizygotic twins are two siblings that develop from different ova, or eggs, that are produced from an ovary at the same time and are fertilized by different sperm. They are also known as fraternal twins or nonidentical twins.
Ova- In most anisogamous species, the female reproductive cell, or gamete, is the egg cell, or ovum (plural ova).
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The germination process of an endospore into a vegetative cell involves core enzymes becoming active due to increased water levels resulting in the ________ stage
The germination process of an endospore into a vegetative cell involves core enzymes becoming active due to increased water levels resulting in the outgrowth stage.
What three stages of seed germination are there?The germination process is divided into three main phases. These include drinking more water, having a higher metabolic rate, and having cells expand. The imbibition (absorption) of water by the seed marks the beginning of germination. Most dormant seeds contain between 5 and 10 percent moisture.What is the germination process for spores?When the events that cause the loss of spore-specific characteristics are referred to as spore germination, the process is essentially biophysical. The necessary machinery is already there in the mature dormant spore because it doesn't require any new macromolecular synthesis.To learn more about germination visit:
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If a bacterial isolate shows intermediate to moderate resistance to an antibiotic, how might this drug still be successfully used in the treatment of this microbe?
Answer:
Bacteria have become resistant to several antibiotics due to the extended usage of antibiotics. It could show moderate, severe, or intermediate tolerance. This resistance gives microorganisms a way to defend themselves from the antibiotic. Such antibiotics operate as stresses rather than being able to stop bacterial development or destroy it. The use of such antibiotic medications is changed in quantity or changed according to intensity to provide beneficial outcomes. The use of antibiotics for bacteria may be raised in dose in cases of medium to severe resistance manifestation to suppress bacterial activity and battle bacterial resistance. Additionally, for optimal outcomes, the antibiotic might be used with other medications.
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Jay built a model of the solar system. What sort of information will his model be able to explain? What type of information would his model be unable to explain?
Answer:
the answer is
Explanation:
his model will be able to explain these
a) the positions of sun and planets
b) the modern solar system including planets
c) the distances between each planet from the sun
d) how many moon does each planet has
his model won't be able to explain these
a) how does the movement around the sun accur
b) what times and seasons of the year does the planet change
c) what's the times and ellipse could happen
.
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what would happen if we removeda link in the food chain?
Dna polymerases are responsible for:________
a. unwinding the helix.
b. binding the nicks in dna.
c. proofreading/repair.
d. building the dna chain.
e. supercoiling of dna.
DNA polymerases are responsible for building the DNA chain.
DNA Polymerases- All living things have a particular type of enzymes called DNA polymerase. DNA replication and DNA repair and upkeep are two of its primary functions. The enzyme is essential for the generational transfer of genetic information.
Enzyme- Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical processes, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down.
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, is the molecule that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism's growth and operation. The structure of DNA is a double helix, which is made up of two connected strands that loop around one another to resemble a twisted ladder.
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A form of a gene that has a slightly different sequence than other forms of the same gene but encodes the same type of an rna or protein, is called a(n)?
A form of a gene that has a slightly different sequence than other forms of the same gene but encodes the same type of an RNA or protein, is called a allele.
Allele- One of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a certain genomic region is referred to as an allele. For each given genomic site where such variation exists, an individual receives two alleles, one from every parent. An person is homozygous for an allele if the two copies are identical.
Gene- The fundamental genetic component transferred from parent to child. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are organized sequentially at specified sites on chromosomes.
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If dev also has an absolute advantage in growing strawberries and raspberries , he will _________.
Have a competitive advantage in one of the activity but not both.
If dev also has an absolute advantage in growing strawberries and raspberries , he will have a competitive advantage in one of the activity but not both.
What is comparative advantage?Comparative advantage is the capacity of an economy to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than its trading rivals.The notion of comparative advantage explains why trade may benefit people, countries, or businesses.The importance of comparative advantageCompanies that enjoy a comparative advantage can provide their goods and services at lower prices than their competitors, which boosts their profit margins and increases their sales margins.How is comparative advantage determined?If a country produces a good or service with the lowest opportunity cost, it is said to have a comparative advantage.To learn more about comparative advantage visit:
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In the stomach, food processing continues and secretions from stomach glands aid the initial digestion of:________
Food processing continues in the stomach, and stomach gland secretions help with the initial breakdown of proteins.
Define digestion:In order to be absorbed into the watery blood plasma, large, insoluble food molecules must be broken down into smaller, water-soluble food molecules during digestion. These tiny molecules enter the bloodstream through the small intestine in some organisms.
What makes digestion important?Food must be digested in order to be broken down into nutrients that the body may use for energy, development, and cell repair. Before being absorbed by the blood and transported to the cells throughout the body, nutrients from food and drink must first be broken down into smaller molecules.
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Write one paragraph below describing your thoughts regarding the dihydrogen monoxide
Answer:
it is a bad an in appropriate way of pollution
Explanation:
hydrogen monoxide know as c0 which also means toxic
it is harmful to the body health and this is caused by irregular dispose of waste to the atmosphere
The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the ________ theory of hearing.
The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the Place theory of hearing.
The place theory of hearing states that the different parts of the basilar membrane respond to sounds of different frequencies.
As mentioned, the base part of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies but the tip of the basilar membrane won't respond in the same way. the tip of the basilar membrane will respond best to sounds of low frequency.
It also states that the pitch of a sound is determined by the place of vibration of the membrane.
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Is it possible to disrupt the structure of skin cells without disrupting the structure of the skin?
No
It is not possible to disrupt the structure of skin cells without disrupting the structure of the skin.
The meaning of skin structure:The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer are its three primary layers. The epidermis is an elastic outer layer that regenerates continuously. The primary cells of the epidermis, created through cell division at its base, are keratinocytes.How are skin cells harmed?When the skin is harmed by extreme heat, radiation, electricity, or chemicals, a burn occurs. Skin cells die as a result of the damage, which can cause a significant loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, renal failure, and circulatory failure come next, all of which are potentially lethal.How does a skin cell's structure impact how it works?These cells' structure allows a new stratum granulosum barrier of three-way tight junction connections to develop between them and the surrounding cells.To learn more about skin cells visit:
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Binding of neurotransmitters to receptors opens or closes _______-gated ion channels, leading to a local potential (aka postsynaptic potential).
Binding of neurotransmitter to receptors open or closes ligand ion gated calcium channels leading to a local potential.
What do calcium channels do in neurons ?Calcium channels mediate numerous important physiological processes, and are abundant in many in many types of cells . In neurons, Voltage gated Ca+2 channels are expressed in plasma membrane compartment and they are involved in regulating cell excitability ,gene transcription and synaptic transmission.
Ligand gated channels are composed of 3-4 protein subunits that form a pore.
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Your study group is trying to identify differences in the four levels of protein structure. the secondary structure but not the tertiary structure is stabilized by:________
Long polypeptide chains can fold or coil to create secondary structure. By means of hydrogen bonds, these secondary structures are created and kept in place. There are two different kinds of secondary structures:
(i) Helix: The chain is spirally wound in this shape, usually with the right hand. The carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the amino group of the following fourth amino acid form a hydrogen bond, which stabilises the helix.
(ii) Pleated sheets – In this, an intermolecular hydrogen bond is used to connect two or more chains.
What is Protein ?An incredibly complex, naturally occurring molecule known as a protein is made up of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. All living things contain proteins, which are the building blocks of numerous vital biological substances like enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
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Typically how long does a reconstituted medication last after reconstitution? a. 5-7 days b. 10-14 days c. 7-10 days d. 3 days
(c)A reconstituted medication can last for 10-14 days after reconstitution.
Reconstitution is the process of adding medication powder to a solvent to dissolve it and form a solution. It is performed mostly in Pharmacy but some medications needed to be reconstituted immediately before administration.
After a medication has been reconstituted, it can only be stored for a short period before it can no longer be useful. The length of time a liquid medication, or any medication, can be stored safely is known as the shelf life of medication. The length of medication once reconstituted is from several hours to 14 days max.
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Option C: A reconstituted medication can last for 10-14 days after reconstitution.
Reconstitution is the process of adding medication powder to a solvent to dissolve it and form a solution. It is performed mostly in pharmacy but some medications needed to be reconstituted immediately before administration.
After a medication has been reconstituted, it can only be stored for a short period before it can no longer be useful. The length of time a liquid medication, or any medication, can be stored safely is known as the shelf life of medication. The length of medication once reconstituted is from several hours to 14 days max.
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A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is:______
A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is called species.
What is species?
A species is an organism's fundamental unit of classification, taxonomic rank, and biodiversity. A species is the largest collection of organisms in which any two people of the appropriate sexes or mating types can conceive a fertile offspring, typically through sexual reproduction. All species are given a two-part name, or "binomial," with the exception of viruses. The genus to which the species belongs is the first component of a binomial. The specific name or specific epithet is the second component (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes in zoological nomenclature). For instance, the Boa constrictor is a species of the genus Boa, and constrictor is its epithet.Learn more about the Nomenclature with the help of the given link:
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