In a given homologous chromosome pair, two recombinant chromatids are generated by a single crossover event.
Homologous chromosomes are the chromosomes that possess the same genes at the same loci and also have the same structure. One chromosome of the homologous pair is paternal while the other is maternal. Crossing over even takes lace between homologous chromosomes only.
Crossing over is the event that involves the interchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. Due to this event, the offspring receives genes from both the parents. The exchange of genetic material occurs between two non-sister chromatids in crossover, hence two recombinants are obtained.
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what happens to a person who has scurvy
Answer:
Scurvy is a sign of severe malnutrition, specifically a lack of vitamin C. Hair follicles can become clogged with keratin, old wounds may reopen and new sores begin to form. Parts of your body may swell, particularly your arms and legs. If left untreated, scurvy can lead to death from bleeding or infection
10. darius wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. paper clips were
added before each test flight. as each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would
fly.
Here, Independent Variable is Mass of plane, Dependent Variable is Distance plane flies, control - Plane without paper clips, constant is Type of paper, how it was thrown.
What are variables?
An eye tracking experiment must include variables. Anything that can be changed or be altered is a variable. To put it another way, it refers to any variable that can be changed, taken into account, or measured in an experiment.
As mentioned in question, mass of the plane is constant or fixed it does not depend on anything so it is an independent variable. whereas, the distance plane flies is dependent on the mass of plane so it is a dependent variable.
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A form of a gene that has a slightly different sequence than other forms of the same gene but encodes the same type of an rna or protein, is called a(n)?
A form of a gene that has a slightly different sequence than other forms of the same gene but encodes the same type of an RNA or protein, is called a allele.
Allele- One of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a certain genomic region is referred to as an allele. For each given genomic site where such variation exists, an individual receives two alleles, one from every parent. An person is homozygous for an allele if the two copies are identical.
Gene- The fundamental genetic component transferred from parent to child. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are organized sequentially at specified sites on chromosomes.
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Any living thing (other than a virus which has no domain) that is not a bacteria or like a bacteria, is grouped into which one of the three domains?
Eukarya is the domain for grouping living thing which is not a bacterium or like a bacterium.
Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea are the three domains into which living organisms can be divided. The first two are all prokaryotic bacteria, which are primarily single-celled creatures with an abnormal or loosely connected nucleus. Eukarya includes all forms of life that have a cell nucleus and organelles that are membrane-bound in eukaryotes. These three domains each contain a distinct ribosomal RNA. This serves as the three-domain system's foundation. The Eukarya differ from the Archaea and Bacteria, both of which lack nuclear membranes, but the Archaea and Bacteria are distinguished from one another by specific biochemical and RNA markers. The Archaea is the first and most well-known domain. These are ancient bacterial species that were once categorized as Archaeabacteria and belonged to the kingdom Monera. Therefore, every living entity that is not a bacteria or something that resembles a bacteria is categorized as Eukarya. It can be concluded that both bacteria and Archaea have bacterial backgrounds or have something to do with bacteria, but Eukarya does not.
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what would happen if we removeda link in the food chain?
Twins are twins who are nearly identical, whereas __________ twins come from two separate ova.
Monozygotic twins are twins who are nearly identical, whereas dizygotic twins come from two separate ova.
Monozygotic twins- Identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins, are produced when a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm, resulting in the fertilized egg dividing into two. Identical twins always have the same sex and have the same DNA.
Dizygotic twins- Dizygotic twins are two siblings that develop from different ova, or eggs, that are produced from an ovary at the same time and are fertilized by different sperm. They are also known as fraternal twins or nonidentical twins.
Ova- In most anisogamous species, the female reproductive cell, or gamete, is the egg cell, or ovum (plural ova).
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1 m2 of a field gets about 1050MJ of light energy per year. Only 21 500 kJ of energy is stored in the new grass.
How is the energy stored in the new grass?
Glucose is the form in which the energy is kept in the grass plant. Water and carbon dioxide are converted by plants into a sugar called glucose using the power of the sun.
Food is produced by plants through a process known as photosynthesis. Plants use their leaves to capture light energy during photosynthesis. Starch, a complex carbohydrate that can be converted into a simple carbohydrate (glucose) for the plant to use as fuel, is how plants store their energy. Like other cells, plant cells store starch (glucose) in storage organelles. Plants use glucose as a source of energy and to create other compounds like cellulose and starch. Plants, algae, and some bacteria carry out the process by utilizing sunlight to create oxygen (O2) and chemical energy that is stored in glucose.
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The process of endospore formation is _____________, while the process of an endospore growing into a vegetative cell is ____________.
The process of endospore formation is sporulation, while the process of an endospore growing into a vegetative cell is germination.
What is endospore?A dormant, robust, and non-reproductive structure known as an endospore is created by some bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacillota. Endospore is a name that suggests a spore-like or seed-like form, although it is not a true spore. The bacterium can reduce itself to this depleted, inactive state. The bacteria divides within its cell wall to generate endospores, which are then formed when one side engulfs the other. Bacteria can remain inactive for long periods of time, even centuries, thanks to endospores. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium tetani are a few examples of bacteria that can produce endospores.Learn more about the endospore with the help of the given link:
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A coccus bacterium, such as streptococcus pneunoniae, would be ________________.
A coccus bacterium, such as streptococcus pneumonia, would be round.
Streptococcus pneumonia is a bacteria that causes pneumococcal disease. It is an infectious disease that can spread from one person to another through the means of infected droplets. The primary organs that are affected by this disease are the lungs. The symptoms include short breaths, fever, cough, chest pain, etc. Hearing impairments, brain damage, and even death are also considered in severe cases.
PPSV23 and PCV13 are the vaccines recommended for adults and infants respectively to protect from pneumonia-causing bacteria. People should take precautions while traveling and spending time in crowded areas.
Streptococcus pneumonia is an oval or round-shaped gram-positive bacteria that generally lives in the confidential area of the human body as a pathogen.
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Dna polymerases are responsible for:________
a. unwinding the helix.
b. binding the nicks in dna.
c. proofreading/repair.
d. building the dna chain.
e. supercoiling of dna.
DNA polymerases are responsible for building the DNA chain.
DNA Polymerases- All living things have a particular type of enzymes called DNA polymerase. DNA replication and DNA repair and upkeep are two of its primary functions. The enzyme is essential for the generational transfer of genetic information.
Enzyme- Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical processes, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down.
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, is the molecule that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism's growth and operation. The structure of DNA is a double helix, which is made up of two connected strands that loop around one another to resemble a twisted ladder.
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A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is:______
A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring is called species.
What is species?
A species is an organism's fundamental unit of classification, taxonomic rank, and biodiversity. A species is the largest collection of organisms in which any two people of the appropriate sexes or mating types can conceive a fertile offspring, typically through sexual reproduction. All species are given a two-part name, or "binomial," with the exception of viruses. The genus to which the species belongs is the first component of a binomial. The specific name or specific epithet is the second component (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes in zoological nomenclature). For instance, the Boa constrictor is a species of the genus Boa, and constrictor is its epithet.Learn more about the Nomenclature with the help of the given link:
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The net result of respiratory challenges is low oxygen, also called ________, within the body.
The net result of respiratory challenges is low oxygen, also called hypoxia within the body.
What is hypoxia?When the entire or a portion of the body does not receive enough oxygen at the tissue level, it is said to be hypoxic. Generalized hypoxia, which affects the entire body, can be distinguished from local hypoxia, which only affects a specific area of the body. Despite the fact that hypoxia is frequently a clinical state, fluctuations in arterial oxygen concentrations can occur naturally, for instance during hypoventilation training or vigorous exercise.
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In _____________ molecules show a net movement from greater to lesser concentration due to the random motion of the molecules.
In diffusion molecules show a net movement from greater to lesser concentration due to the random motion of the molecules.
What is diffusion ?The net movement of anything, typically from a place of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, is known as diffusion. A gradient in the Gibbs free energy or chemical potential drives diffusion.
What is diffusion process of cell?In order to achieve equilibrium, diffusion is the random movement of molecules with a net direction toward areas of lower concentration. When tiny molecules travel through the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane, simple passive diffusion takes place.
Examples of diffusion :The mingling of two substances as a result of the motion of their particles is known as diffusion. Diffusion is demonstrated by the way a room fills with the scent of perfume.Due to the huge particle spacing and high kinetic energy, gases spread quickly.To know more about kinetic energy visit :
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Is it possible to disrupt the structure of skin cells without disrupting the structure of the skin?
No
It is not possible to disrupt the structure of skin cells without disrupting the structure of the skin.
The meaning of skin structure:The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer are its three primary layers. The epidermis is an elastic outer layer that regenerates continuously. The primary cells of the epidermis, created through cell division at its base, are keratinocytes.How are skin cells harmed?When the skin is harmed by extreme heat, radiation, electricity, or chemicals, a burn occurs. Skin cells die as a result of the damage, which can cause a significant loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, renal failure, and circulatory failure come next, all of which are potentially lethal.How does a skin cell's structure impact how it works?These cells' structure allows a new stratum granulosum barrier of three-way tight junction connections to develop between them and the surrounding cells.To learn more about skin cells visit:
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A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme. A polar amino acid was changed to a nonpolar amino acid. What is a likely result of this mutation?.
Answer:
Sucrase will not be able to bind in the active site
A single amino acid substitution—from a polar to the nonpolar amino acid—occurred in the active region of the enzyme as just a result of a mutation within the gene which codes for the enzyme sucrase. Mostly what likely resulted from this mutation. An active site would not allow sucrase to bind.
The connection between the two sugars which comprise sucrose is disrupted when sucrose attaches towards the sucrase active site. The Fructose as well as glucose are released when the connection breaks.
The human body contains sucrase, but where exactly can you find it there?
A partly integrated integral protein called sucrose isomaltase (SI) is found within the small intestine's brush border.
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Natural fibers, such as wool or cotton, will give a better protection when welding than synthetic fibers like polyester. True or false?.
Natural fibres will not give better protection during welding than synthetic fibres. So the statement is false.
What are synthetic fibres?Only the polymers contained in natural gas and petroleum byproducts are used to make synthetic fibres. Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres, and the majority of them are manufactured from petrochemicals, a byproduct of the processing of petroleum.
Fibers are the basis for all textiles, and they come from artificial or man-made sources. They have formed up either a tiny unit or a polymer that is constructed from several repeating monomeric building blocks. They consist of polypropylene, nylon, acrylics, and polyurethane. These fibres are manufactured in massive quantities annually all around the world.
Therefore, the statement is false.
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If the cuvette with the algae are in the dark what process(s) are happening?
If the cuvette with the algae are in the dark , the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration occurs.
What is an algae?An algae can be described as a members of a group of predominantly aquatic photosynthetic organisms of the kingdom Protista.
Algae has many economic importance that ranges from ecological roles as oxygen producers and as the food base for almost all aquatic life.
Algae are also economically important as a source of crude oil and as sources of food and a number of pharmaceutical and industrial products for humans.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occurs if the cuvette with the algae are kept in the dark.
Algae can photosynthesize but they lack the specialized multicellular reproductive structures of plants, that contain fertile gamete-producing cells surrounded by sterile cells.
The size range of the algae can span seven orders of magnitude. Many of these algae consist of only one cell, while the largest of them have millions of cells.
In conclusion, algae are classified into groups based on their pigmentation.
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Water molecules clustered around nonpolar molecules contribute to hydrophobic interactions because ________.
Water molecules clustered around nonpolar molecules contribute to hydrophobic interactions because their number is minimised to increase he total entropy of water.
Definition of hydrophobic:Of, connected to, or affected by hydrophobia. lacking a water-related affinity. Learn More About Hydrophobic with Related Words and Phrases from the Sentences below.
What makes hydrophobic important?B DNA's interactions with proteins as well as its stability are both significantly influenced by hydrophobic forces. In this study, we hypothesize that the hydrophobic effect plays a crucial role in creating specificity in the interactions between transcription factor proteins and their consensus DNA sequence partners.
What does hydrophobic look example?Non-polar molecules make up hydrophobic compounds, which resist water bodies while drawing in other neutral molecules and non-polar solvents. Alkanes and other types of lipids are examples of these compounds.
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The accumulation of differences in species that causes new species to arise from existing ones is a process called:__________
The accumulation of differences in species that causes new species to arise from existing ones is a process called speciation.
Species is the lowermost level of hierarchy in the classification system. The most essential criteria for organisms to be placed in same species is that they should be able to exchange genes between them. This mean they should be able to breed among themselves.
Speciation is the formation of new species. Speciation is a type of evolution. There are several types of speciation. These are: allopatric (geographical isolation), sympatric ( same region of residence), parapatric (partial barrier) and peripatric (at the periphery).
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The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not.
a. true
b. false
It is true that the dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not.
Epidermis is the outermost payer of the skin. It has no supply of blood vessels hence it gets its nutrients and other requirements from the dermis layer. The function of epidermis is to protect the layers below it from the outer environment, harmful pathogens and also protect the moisture if the skin.
Dermis is the layer present beneath the epidermis and is very thick. This layer is considered to be the real skin. The reason for it is that dermis has all the necessary components of the skin like blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, glands, etc.
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Which three organelles are not associated with the golgi complex? what does this suggest about their origin
Centrioles, mitochondria, and nucleolus The golgi complex is not connected to three organelles.
Camillo Golgi initially noted the existence of the cell organelle that is now referred to as the "Golgi" in 1898 when he characterised nerve cells as having a "internal reticular"
Which of the following organelles is not a part of the Golgi complex in the endomembrane system?Because their functions are coordinated, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), golgi complex, lysosomes, and vacuoles are grouped together as an endomembrane system. However, the mitochondria are not regarded as a component of the endomembrane system.
Which of the following organelles is not a part of the Golgi complex in the endomembrane system?lysosomes, vacuoles, the golgi complex, and the endoplasmic reticulum
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The germination process of an endospore into a vegetative cell involves core enzymes becoming active due to increased water levels resulting in the ________ stage
The germination process of an endospore into a vegetative cell involves core enzymes becoming active due to increased water levels resulting in the outgrowth stage.
What three stages of seed germination are there?The germination process is divided into three main phases. These include drinking more water, having a higher metabolic rate, and having cells expand. The imbibition (absorption) of water by the seed marks the beginning of germination. Most dormant seeds contain between 5 and 10 percent moisture.What is the germination process for spores?When the events that cause the loss of spore-specific characteristics are referred to as spore germination, the process is essentially biophysical. The necessary machinery is already there in the mature dormant spore because it doesn't require any new macromolecular synthesis.To learn more about germination visit:
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Binding of neurotransmitters to receptors opens or closes _______-gated ion channels, leading to a local potential (aka postsynaptic potential).
Binding of neurotransmitter to receptors open or closes ligand ion gated calcium channels leading to a local potential.
What do calcium channels do in neurons ?Calcium channels mediate numerous important physiological processes, and are abundant in many in many types of cells . In neurons, Voltage gated Ca+2 channels are expressed in plasma membrane compartment and they are involved in regulating cell excitability ,gene transcription and synaptic transmission.
Ligand gated channels are composed of 3-4 protein subunits that form a pore.
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Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with alcoholic blank______, which is a global decline of intellect.
Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with Alcoholic dementia.
Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) is a type of dementia brought on by prolonged, excessive alcohol use, which damages the brain and impairs cognitive function.
Wet brain, sometimes referred to as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, is another type of ARD that is characterized by short-term memory loss and thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.
Patients with ARD frequently exhibit both type's symptoms, such as memory loss, apathy, and impaired planning. ARD may coexist with different types of dementia (mixed dementia). Despite being widely accepted, the diagnosis of ARD is only occasionally used because there aren't any clear diagnostic criteria.
Hence, the patients with generalized loss of brain tissue due to direct consumption of alcohol suffers from alcoholic dementia which causes memory loss and many other problems.
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In the stomach, food processing continues and secretions from stomach glands aid the initial digestion of:________
Food processing continues in the stomach, and stomach gland secretions help with the initial breakdown of proteins.
Define digestion:In order to be absorbed into the watery blood plasma, large, insoluble food molecules must be broken down into smaller, water-soluble food molecules during digestion. These tiny molecules enter the bloodstream through the small intestine in some organisms.
What makes digestion important?Food must be digested in order to be broken down into nutrients that the body may use for energy, development, and cell repair. Before being absorbed by the blood and transported to the cells throughout the body, nutrients from food and drink must first be broken down into smaller molecules.
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Jay built a model of the solar system. What sort of information will his model be able to explain? What type of information would his model be unable to explain?
Answer:
the answer is
Explanation:
his model will be able to explain these
a) the positions of sun and planets
b) the modern solar system including planets
c) the distances between each planet from the sun
d) how many moon does each planet has
his model won't be able to explain these
a) how does the movement around the sun accur
b) what times and seasons of the year does the planet change
c) what's the times and ellipse could happen
.
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Typically how long does a reconstituted medication last after reconstitution? a. 5-7 days b. 10-14 days c. 7-10 days d. 3 days
(c)A reconstituted medication can last for 10-14 days after reconstitution.
Reconstitution is the process of adding medication powder to a solvent to dissolve it and form a solution. It is performed mostly in Pharmacy but some medications needed to be reconstituted immediately before administration.
After a medication has been reconstituted, it can only be stored for a short period before it can no longer be useful. The length of time a liquid medication, or any medication, can be stored safely is known as the shelf life of medication. The length of medication once reconstituted is from several hours to 14 days max.
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Option C: A reconstituted medication can last for 10-14 days after reconstitution.
Reconstitution is the process of adding medication powder to a solvent to dissolve it and form a solution. It is performed mostly in pharmacy but some medications needed to be reconstituted immediately before administration.
After a medication has been reconstituted, it can only be stored for a short period before it can no longer be useful. The length of time a liquid medication, or any medication, can be stored safely is known as the shelf life of medication. The length of medication once reconstituted is from several hours to 14 days max.
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Which term refers to the breakdown of glucose in human muscle cells when oxygen is insufficient due to muscle fatigue?
Anaerobic Glycolysis term refers to the breakdown of glucose in human muscle cells when oxygen is insufficient due to muscle fatigue.
The typical pathway of glycolysis is redirected through anaerobic glycolysis to yield lactate. It happens when there is a need for energy without oxygen. It is essential for tissues with high energy needs, low oxygen levels, or those lacking oxidative enzymes. Pyruvate is designated as the pathway's end product under aerobic settings, while lactate is the end result under anaerobic ones. Pyruvate is converted to lactate in anaerobic conditions by anaerobic glycolysis. The production of two ATP molecules occurs during anaerobic respiration. The enzymes that drive glycolysis are unable to function in an acidic environment, thus if a muscle cell becomes excessively acidic, the muscle stops working. Pyruvate and H+, two byproducts of anaerobic glycolysis, are produced during intense exercise.
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What information would one use to determine the type of economic system that a country has?
The information needed would be the breakdown on who owns the businesses in the country and how much control the government has upon business regulation, taxes, etc
What is economic system ?The government plans and distributes available services, resources, and goods across the nation using an economic system as a tool. Economic systems combine wealth, labour, physical resources, and businesspeople to manage the components of production.
Countries and governments transfer resources and trade products and services through economic systems. The five production factors—labour, capital, entrepreneurs, physical resources, and information resources—are managed by them.Learn more about Economic system here:
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What events that occur in meiosis increase genetic diversity in sex cells? horizontal gene transfer somatic mutation independent assortment alternative splicing genetic recombination
Genetic recombination occur in meiosis increase genetic diversity in sex cells.
What is meiosis?A cell division process known as meiosis produces four daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. A different name for it is reductional division. Because only through meiosis can germ cells develop into sperm or eggs, it is essential for reproduction.
The division of the nucleus into four nuclei, each containing half the chromosomes, results in the production of reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)
When a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, the process is known as mitosis (cell division). A single cell undergoes two divisions during meiosis to produce four cells with half the original genetic material.
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