Answer:
Atom would be the smallest apparently but if you are not that deep in biology then you can go with cell itself
Here is a little table to help your confusion.
Atomic level/AtomMolecular level/MoleculeOrganelle level/OrganelleCellular level/CellTissue level/tissueOrgan level/organOrgan system level/Organ systemOrganism level/OrganismWhat type of inheritance accounts for the genotype of the mother being the direct determining factor in the phenotype of the offspring?
Maternal effect type of inheritance accounts for the genotype of the mother being the direct determining factor in the phenotype of the offspring.
Inheritance- The process of genes being passed from parents to children is referred to as inheritance. Genetic qualities are passed down through inheritance from parents to their kids, who receive all of their parents' genetic material.
Gene- The fundamental genetic component transferred from parent to kid. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are organized sequentially at specified sites on chromosomes in the cell nucleus.
Phenotype- The visible traits of an individual that are the outcome of gene expression; the clinical manifestation of a person with a certain genotype.
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Although community composition changes during succession, diversity rarely changes. true false
It is false that although community composition changes during succession, diversity rarely changes.
Succession is the phenomenon of how the change in the species structure and composition occurs over time. After a point of time, the last community takes over that is irreplaceable and it is known as the climax community. The first species that invades over an empty space is called the pioneer species.
Diversity is the variety if species present in an area over a period of time. It includes varieties from a small microbe to large plants and animals. More is the diversity of an area, more the area is considered to be functional.
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Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid. what is the identity of this structure?
Endospore
Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid, endospore is the identity of this structure.
What is endospore?A latent, robust, and non-reproductive structure known as an endospore is created by specific Firmicute phylum bacteria. Lack of nutrition typically causes endospore development, which typically happens in Gram-positive bacteria. The bacterium divides within its cell wall to produce endospores.What are endospores and what do they do?In times of intense stress, it enables the bacterium to produce a dormant and extremely resistant cell to protect the cell's genetic material. Endospores are resistant to environmental stresses that would usually result in the bacterium's death.Where can you find endospores?Endospores can endure for a very long time in water and soil, where they are frequently found. There are many different types of microorganisms that can generate "spores" or "cysts," but the endospores of low G+C gram-positive bacteria are by far the most hardy.What part does dipicolinic acid play in the development of endospores?2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (also known as dipicolinic acid, or DPA), which adds to heat resistance, is a crucial factor in how well endospores tolerate harsh climatic conditions.To learn more about endospore visit:
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______ are carbohydrates that are not well digested by human enzymes, but they can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine.
Prebiotics are carbohydrates that are not well digested by human enzymes, but they can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine.
Prebiotics- Foods include whole grains, bananas, onions, garlic, and artichokes contain prebiotics. Additionally, probiotics and prebiotics can be found as dietary supplements and are added to select meals. The connection between the gut microbiota and illness is still being studied.
Fermentation- An anaerobic process called fermentation allows glucose to release energy even in the absence of oxygen. In addition to yeast cells, bacteria and animal muscle cells also undergo some sort of fermentation. For instance, yeast uses fermentation to create alcohol from sugar in order to get energy.
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In a diploid organism with 12 chromosomes, how many different arrangements of chromosomes can be generated by independent assortment?
Answer:
In a diploid organism with 12 chromosomes, 64 different arrangements of chromosomes can be generated by independent assortment
Explanation:
According to Mendel's independent assortment law, all of the alleles of two or more distinct genes are separately selected into gametes. We can also that an allele once per gene doesn't really affect the allele for just another gene that a gamete gets. This is an important step in sexual reproduction that enables 2 gamete cells to unite to form a diploid zygote that has all the DNA needed to develop a new life. Mendelian dihybrid crosses are an ideal demonstration of independent assortment. Spherical green, as well as wrinkled yellow, are two main pairings that indicate the genes responsible for seed color and shape are separately sorted. a member of a chromosome pair that share genetic information but comes from both sperm and eggs rather than another source.
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True or False:
Repetition Practice interferes with the ability to learn new information
Repetition Practice interferes with the ability to learn new information is true.
It is impossible to overstate the value of repetition. In fact, it needs to be emphasized again how important repetition is as a learning tool. It enables the transfer of a conscious skill into the subconscious, freeing up working memory and enabling the acquisition of new skills. Repetition gives kids the practice they need to acquire new skills, so it's a good thing. Repetition helps kids learn faster, builds confidence, and fortifies the neural connections in their brains that support learning. Practice doesn't always make perfect while learning a new skill. Zachariah Reagh and Michael Yassa, neurobiologists at UC Irvine, discovered that while repetition improves the factual content of memories, it can decrease the amount of detail associated with such memories.
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Which organelle is involved in the destruction of bacteria, old organelles, and the liberation of enzymes?
An animal cell's organelle recycling facility, the lysosome is an organelle that houses digestive enzymes. It disassembles dated and pointless structures so that their molecules can be recycled. Some vesicles that exit the Golgi are directed to lysosomes, which are a component of the endomembrane system.
What are Enzymes ?Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical reactions, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down. Enzymes are a part of all living things. Enzymes are created by our bodies spontaneously. However, food and manufactured goods both contain enzymes.
Based on the type of process they are employed to catalyse, enzymes are categorised into six functional classes. Hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases, and isomerases are the six different categories of enzymes.Learn more about Enzyme here:
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the temperate rain forests tend to be very wet, like the tropical rain forests. however, the temperate rain forests have temperatures.
The temperate rain forests tend to be very wet, like the tropical rain forests. However, the temperate rain forests have temperatures ranging from 32°F to 68°F.
Temperate rainforests are the broad-leaf forests that receive heavy rainfalls. The forests can be seen at the regions where oceans are present. The trees of these forests can be up to 100 meters long or even more. Temperate rainforests are present only in small area of the world.
Tropical rainforests are where there occurs no dry season and they experience an average rainfall of about 60 mm all over the year. The tropical rainforests can be described as hot and wet.
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How is the study of life span human development related to life expectancy?
Life expectancy provides a framework for timing about stages and periods of life.
What does "life span" mean?life span: the amount of time elapsed between an organism's conception and eventual demise.The definition of life expectancy:The average number of years a person who reaches a certain age might expect to live is their life expectancy. Estimates of life expectancy from the National Center for Health Statistics offer a trustworthy overview of mortality and population health in the United States.Why is this crucial?A common metric for assessing a community's general health is life expectancy. Age-specific health is measured by life expectancy at birth. Trends in mortality are frequently described in terms of changes in life expectancy.To learn more about life expectancy visit:
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Which level of protein structure do the α-helix and the β-pleated sheet represent?.
The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet represent represent secondary structure of protein.
Secondary structure is another way of classifying protein structure. The term “secondary structure” describes the regular, local structure of the protein backbone stabilized by hydrogen bonding of amide groups that occur both inside and outside the individual molecules. Alpha helix, Beta strands are another typical secondary structure. A polypeptide chain that is 3 to 10 amino acids long and has an almost fully extended backbone is called a β-strand (also known as a strand). A beta sheet consists of two or more consecutive parallel or antiparallel polypeptide chains stabilized by hydrogen bonds.Therefore, the correct answer is secondary structure.
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A disinfectant was added to a culture of bacteria containing 20,000,000 cfus per milliliter to start. since the d value of the disinfectant is 1 minute and 20 seconds, there will be:_________
A disinfectant was added to a culture of bacteria containing 20,000,000 CFUs per milliliter to start. Since the D value of the disinfectant is 1 minute and 20 seconds, there will be 20,000 CFUs per ml after 4 minutes.
Gut bacteria can also be estimated using the CFU/ml. Colony-forming unit, or CFU, is a term used to represent the quantity of live microbes in a probiotic supplement, cheese slice, kombucha, or any other environment that supports single-celled organisms (including your stool).A component of evaluating the effectiveness of novel contact lens disinfecting solutions is the determination of a D value for particular test organisms. The time needed for the number of surviving microorganisms to drop by one logarithmic unit is a frequent definition for this measure.A measure of the quantity of viable colonogenic cells per millilitre is called a colony forming unit (CFU). These give an idea of how many cells are still alive and able to divide and form tiny colonies.To learn more about CFU.
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What would happen to translation if each type of rna were degraded?
If each type of RNA (tRNA, mRNA, rRNA) degraded then there will be no translation at all which further leads to inhibition of protein synthesis.
RNA- All living cells contain ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid with properties comparable to those of DNA. However, RNA is often single-stranded, unlike DNA. Instead of the deoxyribose present in DNA, the backbone of an RNA molecule is made up of alternate phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
Protein synthesis- The method through which ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and different enzymes are used to organize amino acids into proteins in a linear fashion.
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The neutral theory of molecular evolution posits that most mutations are ________ and most substitutions are ________.
Answer:
The neutral theory of molecular evolution posits that most mutations are natural and most substitutions are beneficial.
Explanation:
According to the neutral theory, the great majority of genetic mutations have little to no effect on an individual's fitness. According to Motoo Kimura's neutral hypothesis, the bulk of molecular (DNA) mutations in a population occur as a result of genetic drift rather than natural selection, which suggests that mutations are generally neutral and therefore do not benefit the organisms.
This indicates that mutant alleles are really not kept because they have a selection benefit over other members of the population, but rather because of the unpredictability of existence. Neutral changes in genetic studies are those that occur when natural selection does not influence the distribution of the mutation within a species. Most other alleles of the gene will be deleted or replaced by neutral mutations that really are highly heritable and that are not connected to any genes that are currently being selected.
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a) The carbohydrates cellulose and starch are functionally different due to the ____?
A. Reaction used to join their monosaccharides.
B. Specific monosaccharides used to build them.
C. Arrangement of their monosaccharides.
D. Functional groups contained within their monosaccharides.
b) Why is that the answer?
a) The answer is C. Arrangement of their monosaccharides.
b) The reason for this answer is : The main distinction between starch and cellulose is that starch is a storage polysaccharide with alpha 1,4 links between glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is a structural polysaccharide with beta 1,4 connections between glucose monomers. The primary distinction is that while plants employ cellulose to construct structure, they use starch to store energy. In contrast to cellulose, where each succeeding glucose unit is rotated 180 degrees, starch repeat units are situated in the same direction. Compared to sugar, which is not water soluble, cellulose is thicker. On the other hand, starch may be dissolved in warm water and is less brittle than cellulose. Since mammals absorb starch, cellulose is not suitable for human diet.
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____are live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli found in yogurt, that when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits.
Probiotics are live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli found in yogurt, that when consumed in sufficient amounts, colonize the large intestine and provide health benefits.
Although microorganisms are considered to be harmful to the body, but there are numerous kinds of microorganisms that are beneficial to the body and are required by the body. Probiotics are an example of such kinds of microorganisms.
Probiotics can be described as live microorganisms which provide various health benefits to the body. The probiotics help in making the gut flora healthy.
Lactobacilli is a common probiotic that is found in foods such as yogurt. This kind of bacteria helps in the digestion of lactose and also can improve conditions such as diarrhea. Hence, probiotics should be included in the diet in order to keep your gut flora healthy.
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What might be a likely outcome if a mutation occurred in a promoter region of a gene, such that it were no longer recognized by rna polymerase?
The cell would not be able to produce any proteins if a mutation occured in a promoter region of a gene ,such that it was no longer recognized by RNA polymerase.
What is mutation and its cause ?A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutation can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division ,exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
Mutation result either from accident during the normal chemical transaction of DNA ,often during replication or from exposure to high energy radiation.
Mutation in the the promoter resulted in a change in DNA binding pattern of the AP-2 transpiration factor.
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Based on the protein gel, the researcher concludes that the protein is glycosylated. how would the gel most likely appear if the protein were not glycosylated?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Connexus
Persons with __________ blood have neither antigen a nor antigen b on their red blood cells but have antibody anti-a and antibody anti-b in their plasma.
Persons with O blood have neither antigen a nor antigen b on their red blood cells but have antibody anti-a and antibody anti-b in their plasma.
ABO blood grouping was discovered by Austrian scientist Landsteiner. It consist of four blood groups- A, B, AB, & O.
Red blood cells have certain extension of the proteins that are called antigen. Two types of antigens are there antigen a & b. The RBCs which have a particular antigen will not have the antibody against the same.
Blood Group A has antigen A and antibody B. Blood group B has antigen B and antibody A. Blood group AB has both antigen and no antibodies while blood group O has no antigen and antibody A & B.
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The grouping that includes turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodiles and alligators, birds, and bats is: _____.
A. polyphyletic.
B. monophyletic.
C. paraphyletic.
Option(B) monophyletic is the right answer.
The grouping that includes turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodiles and alligators, birds, and bats is monophyletic.
What is monophyletic?A monophyletic taxon is a collection of organisms that includes both the most recent common ancestor of all the creatures in the group as well as all of their offspring. Another name for a monophyletic taxon is a clade. Angiosperms, mammals, birds, insects, etc. are few examples.How are monophyletic groups recognized?A group of species that is monophyletic comprises all of its progeny as well as the common ancestor they all share. A monophyletic group on a phylogenetic tree consists of a node and all of its offspring, represented by both nodes and terminal taxa.What distinguishes a group from a paraphyletic group or a polyphyletic group?Monophyletic: All of the ancestor's offspring are included in the monophyletic group. Paraphyletic: The paraphyletic group does not include all of the ancestor's offspring. Polyphyletic: The members of a polyphyletic group do not all descend from the same ancestor. Monophyletic A common ancestor exists in monophyletic groups.To learn more about monophyletic group visit:
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Which is the active, growing state of endospore-forming bacteria?
The active, growing state of endospores or endospore-forming bacteria is vegetative.
The set of conditions under which bacteria can grow, live and reproduce actively is called the vegetative state.
Vegetative cells grow actively and can bear stress such as heat, chemicals, and radiation.
Moreover, it is difficult for them to manage and survive in harsh and stressful environmental conditions.
While some bacteria also form spores known as endospores which are dormant, inactive, and unable to reproduce but assist the bacteria to survive in a diverse and harsh environment.
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A difference in solute concentration can exist between the cytosol and the interstitial fluid because the ______ prevents their movement.
A difference in solute concentration can exist between the cytosol and the interstitial fluid because the phospholipid bilayer prevents their movement.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?Phospholipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.
A difference in solute concentration can exist between the cytosol and the interstitial fluid because the phospholipid bilayer prevents their movement.
The phospholipid bilayer is composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids it is referred as the backbone of all cellular, synaptosomal, and vesicular membranes.
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A client suffers from bloody diarrhea after eating contaminated food at a local restaurant. the client has been infected with a(an)?
A client suffers from bloody diarrhea after eating contaminated food at a local restaurant. the client has been infected with a(an) bacteria.
Bacteria are microorganisms that are present everywhere in the environment. A bacteria can be transmitted to a host organism, such as humans, through various means such as food, air, water, other vectors, etc.
In order to stay away from diseases spread by bacteria, it is important to maintain a clean environment. Eating food that is contaminated can cause adverse effects to the body such as food poisoning, diarrhea etc. Before eating food, it should be ensured that the ingredients used are cleaned properly and the food is properly cooked.
Food from local restaurants, where no care for cleanliness is taken, is more prone to be having bacteria growing in the food.
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Please answer question
The location where infectious organisms can multiply and accumulate is referred to as the _____
The location where infectious organisms can multiply and accumulate is referred to as the reservoir.
Infectious organisms are those that cause disease in other species They are also called pathogens. They can be bacteria, virus, protozoans, etc. The organism can cause disease either by living inside the body or even by living outside the body.
Reservoir is simple words is the habitat of an infectious organism. This can be humans, animals and also plants. On the basis of their locations, reservoirs are of three types: human, animal (non-human), and environmental. The infectious organisms from environmental reservoirs can be transmitted to the host by several modes of transmission.
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Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning. How are they alike? how do they differ?.
Behavioral psychology's foundational ideas include classical and operant conditioning.
The goal of classical conditioning is to establish a connection between a naturally occurring stimulus and a previously neutral stimulus.
As a reaction to the food, this unconditioned stimulus naturally and spontaneously causes salivation, which is referred to as the unconditioned response. The sound of the bell alone will begin to elicit salivation as a response after linking the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. Now, the bell's sound is referred to as the conditioned stimulus, and salivating in response to the bell is referred to as the conditioned response.
Operant conditioning, often known as instrumental conditioning, is concerned with utilizing rewards or penalties to either promote or decrease a behavior. As a result of this procedure, a link is established between the action and its results.
Operant conditioning focuses on connecting a voluntary behavior and a reward, whereas classical conditioning links an automatic response to a stimulus.
However Both classical and operant conditioning entail associating behavior with environmental events and are guided by a number of general principles of association. For instance, it is simpler to associate stimuli that are similar to one another and occur at similar periods.
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What is the position of the body when it is in the ""normal anatomical position?"".
When a person is standing straight, facing forward, with both arms hanging loosely at their sides and their palms facing forward, this is known as being in anatomical position or the standard anatomical position. With their feet flat on the ground and facing forward, the legs are parallel.
When the body is in anatomical position, where is it?A person in the standard anatomical position is one who is standing, facing forward, with their feet together and their toes pointing in the same direction. From the observer's point of view, none of the long bones are crossed.
The anatomical position is significant because the body is described by anatomic terms when it is in that position, including anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, superior and inferior, and so on.
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The transport of sugars into cells up their concentration gradient along with sodium ions that are moving down their concentration gradient is called ______.
The transport of sugars into cells up their concentration gradient along with sodium ions that are moving down their concentration gradient is called coupled transport or secondary active transport.
What is Active transport?Active transport may be defined as a type of transport that occurs against the concentration gradient. This transport is mediated by carrier proteins. Metabolic energy is used to move ions or molecules against a concentration gradient.
Primary active transport directly obtains energy from ATP, whereas secondary active transport obtains energy from the movement of an ion down its concentration gradient.
In this case, sodium moving down its concentration gradient fuels glucose moving against its gradient, so this is secondary active transport.
Therefore, coupled transport or secondary active transport allows the transport of sugars into cells up their concentration gradient along with sodium ions that are moving down their concentration gradient.
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[ Brainliest ]
Which of the following is NOT something that can cause your core temperature to change?
A. Fevers caused by disease
B. Enzymes denaturing in your cells
C. When the external temperature gets really hot or cold
D. Energy produced by your muscles when you exercise
Martha's child was born with an extra chromosome, resulting in down syndrome. this is an example of:________
Martha's child was born with an extra chromosome, resulting in down syndrome, which is an example of a chromosomal condition called trisomy.
What is a trisomy?A trisomy is a genetic condition in which there is one extra chromosome in all somatic cells present in an individual, which is due to the faulty separation of chromosomes during meiosis.
In conclusion, Martha's child was born with an extra chromosome, resulting in down syndrome, which is an example of a chromosomal condition called trisomy.
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A numerical measure from a population, such as a population mean, is called _____.a. the mean deviationb. a samplec. a parameterd. a statisti
A numerical measure from a population, such as a population mean, is called a Parameter.
Parameter- A limit is a parameter. A parameter is a constant in an equation in mathematics, however today, any system can include parameters that control how it functions.
Population- A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area.
Population Mean- The population mean, also known as the average or mean of all values in a population, is determined by summing all population values (represented by the symbol X) and dividing that total by the number of population values (represented by the symbol N).
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