The correct option (3) Mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis only occurs in germ cells.
What is mitosis vs meiosis?Mitosis and meiosis are the two distinct processes of cell division. Body cells divide and make duplicates of themselves during the mitotic phase in order to grow and repair. Meiosis is the process by which egg and sperm cells are created, and the new cells produced during this process have just half the genetic material of the parent cell.
What are the four meiosis stages?Since meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, a beginning cell can generate four gametes (eggs or sperm). Cells move through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase with each cycle of division
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Full Question: Which of the following statements are false about the comparison between mitosis and meiosis? Select all that apply.
1. Two cytokinesis events occur in mitosis but only one in meiosis.
2. Meiosis results in half the number of homologous chromosome pairs as the original cell whereas mitosis has the same number as the original cell.
3. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis only occurs in germ cells.
4. Both haploid and diploid cells undergo mitosis and meiosis.
5. Both mitosis and meiosis have one round of DNA replication in the preceding interphase period.
6. Chromosomes undergo disjunction in mitosis but not in meiosis.
Which zoologist stated that all cells act as the primary building blocks of life?
Answer: Theodor Schwann
Explanation: Botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann were studying tissues and proposed the unified cell theory, which states that all living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that all the new cells come from existing cells.
if an individual has two heterozygous gene pairs, how many genetically different gametes can be formed?
If an individual has two heterozygous gene pairs, two genetically different gametes can be formed.
Any one of a number of different DNA sequences can be found at a given gene locus. Matching genes, one from our biological father and one from our biological mother, are called alleles. Every gene we possess has two copies. They may be the same, yet they also frequently have minute distinctions.
An individual who is heterozygous possesses two alleles that are distinct from one another. As a consequence, it would have the genotype Aa. An individual who possesses the genotype Aa is capable of producing both the A and a types of gametes.
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why does the level of tsh increase in hypothyroidism? what happpens to the level of tsh in hyperthyroidsm? g
Firstly hypothyroidism the TSH levels that are elevated due to loss of negative inhibition of anterior pituitary.
The deficiency of thyroid hormones can disrupt things such as heart rate, body temperature as well as metabolism.
In case of hyperthyroidism the indication is generally by low TSH levels. Hyperthyroidism is the abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. It is an organ which is situated in the front of our neck. The function of thyroid gland is to release hormones that regulate our body’s use of energy. In other words, the presence of high thyroid levels is an indication that our thyroid gland is overactive and it makes more thyroid hormones than our body needs, which causes hyperthyroidism.
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are the hormones that are released by the thyroid gland and they play an important role in the way our entire body functions. For this reason, the imbalance, such as high T4, can have far-reaching effects on almost every aspect of our health.
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Identical copies of chromosomal dna held together by a common functional centromere are called
Sister chromatid is the identical copies of chromosomal dna held together by a common functional centromere .
In general , the Sister chromatid indicates the identical copies or chromatids produced by the process of DNA replication of a chromosome, these copies also joined with each other by a common centromere.
We can say that chromatid are one of the two identical parts of a chromosome that can be replicated during the process for cell division. Hence , two sister chromatids are formed at a middle junction of the chromosome called the centromere. They are formed in tight association through G2 phase and early mitosis.
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in an experimental study, a nerver cell was placed into a solution and the resting membrane potential moved from -70 mv to -80 mv. based on this change, what can conclude about this solution?
Based on the change of the resting membrane potential moved from -70 mv to -80 mv, we can conclude about this solution is the inside of the cell is negatively charged.
The resting membrаne potentiаl is the chаrge difference between the inside аnd outside of the cell when the cell is аt rest, meаning there is no electricаl movement аcross the plаsmа membrаne, mаinly dependent on the sodium ([tex]Na^{+}[/tex]) аnd potаssium ([tex]K^{+}[/tex]) ions. Different cell types hаve different resting membrаne potentiаls, which are generаlly between -50 аnd -75mV, meаning thаt the inside of the cell is negаtively chаrged. In neurons, in the inside environment of the cells, [tex]K^{+}[/tex] аnd orgаnic аnions is аt а higher аmount, while there аre more [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] аnd [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] outside the cells.
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Where are the paired sympathetic trunk ganglia located?
The paired sympathetic trunk ganglia are found in the sympathetic trunks, which are two lengthy chains of ganglia that span from the base of the skull to the coccyx.
Typically, there are 3 cervical, 11 or 12 thoracic, 4 or 5 lumbar, 4 or 5 sacral sympathetic trunk ganglia, and 1 coccygeal ganglion. The right and left coccygeal ganglia are fused together and usually lie at the midline.
Although the sympathetic trunk ganglia extend inferiorly from the neck, chest, and abdomen to the coccyx, they receive preganglionic axons only from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord.The stellate ganglion is formed when the first thoracic ganglion and the inferior cervical ganglion unite.
The thoracic sympathetic chain is divided into the following branches: rami communicans (the ganglia have afferent white and efferent gray rami to the corresponding spinal nerves, and postganglionic sympathetic fibers are distributed to various structures through the gray rami)
Postganglionic fibers (the first five ganglia give postganglionic fibers to the heart, aorta, lungs, and esophagus); and (the lower eight ganglia mainly give preganglionic fibers that form the splanchnic nerves, which supply the abdominal viscera).
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How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to global warming?(1 point) responses burning fossil fuels removes carbon dioxide and other gases from the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels removes carbon dioxide and other gases from the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels introduces carbon dioxide to parts of the atmosphere that never had it. burning fossil fuels introduces carbon dioxide to parts of the atmosphere that never had it. burning fossil fuels adds greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels adds greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels removes oxygen and other gases from the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels removes oxygen and other gases from the atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming by adding greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere.
The release of these gases traps heat in the atmosphere and causes the temperature of the earth to rise. This increase in temperature is referred to as global warming and can have devastating effects on the planet's ecosystems, including the melting of polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent and intense natural disasters. The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main driver of global warming and it is primarily caused by the burning of fossil fuels for energy.
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The bar graph shows the energy of the skater, where could she be on the track?
She is at the starting point with maximum kinetic energy.
Define kinetic energy.
The energy an object has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy in physics. It is described as the effort required to move a mass-determined body from rest to the indicated velocity. The body holds onto the kinetic energy it acquired during its acceleration until its speed changes.
Energy that is capable of changing into another form of energy is called potential energy. The potential energy of an object is influenced by its physical characteristics and location within a system. Potential energy is the energy that is stored in any object or system as a result of its position or component arrangement.
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14.) how can the serine proteases be nearly identical in sequence and structure, yet have different functions?
Serine proteases have a nearly identical sequence as well as structure and yet have different functions as they evolve over time to perform different functions.
Serine proteases are basically enzymes which are able to cleave peptide bonds present in proteins. Serine acts as the nucleophilic amino acid at the active site of the enzyme. They are found in both eukaryotes as well as also in prokaryotes.
Most of the proteins utilize similar base structure and this because the linear sequences of amino acids which generate a stable product is rare. Most of the new proteins evolve by using as well as altering old protein structure and therefore serine proteases although have almost similar sequence and yet they are able to perform different functions.
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sexual selection may result in sexual dimorphism. is one type of artificial selection. typically occurs after mating has already taken place. explains why sexual reproduction occurs in so many species.
Sexual reproduction occurs in so many species because sexuаl reproduction produces а new combinаtion of genes in the offspring thаt mаy better enаble them to survive chаnges in the environment аnd аssist in the survivаl of the species.
Why is sexual reproduction so common?The vаriаtion thаt sexuаl reproduction creаtes аmong offspring is very importаnt to the survivаl аnd reproduction of those offspring. The only source of vаriаtion in аsexuаl orgаnisms is mutаtion. This is the ultimаte source of vаriаtion in sexuаl orgаnisms. In аddition, those different mutаtions аre continuаlly reshuffled from one generаtion to the next when different pаrents combine their unique genomes, аnd the genes аre mixed into different combinаtions by the process of meiosis.
Meiosis is the division of the contents of the nucleus thаt divides the chromosomes аmong gаmetes. Vаriаtion is introduced during meiosis, аs well аs when the gаmetes combine in fertilizаtion.
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a neuron responds best to a spot of light that is the size of the excitatory center of the receptive field. this is because of .
Center-surround antagonism. Antagonism between the centre and surround areas of the photoreceptor neuron cells receptive fields is referred to as center-surround antagonism.
Edge detection and contrast amplification are made possible by center-surround antagonism in the visual cortex. Many visual and somatosensory neurons exhibit this property, in which activation in the centre of the receptive field causes opposing responses to stimulation in the periphery. The centre of the receptive field experiences an increase in firing or cellular response when a small bright spot lands there, while the periphery has a decrease in cellular response. Both excitatory and inhibitory regions can be found in center-surround receptive fields.
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beta-sheets are a type of secondary structure and are found in every protein. true or false
This statement is wrong. Beta sheets are not found in all proteins.
A beta-pleated protein sheet is a type of protein secondary structure. It consists of various beta strands connected by hydrogen bonds between adjacent strands. Three to ten amino acids join together to make a β-strand polypeptide. Many proteins contain both α-helices and β-sheets, but some proteins contain only one type of secondary structure (or form neither type). A beta sheet is a type of secondary structure that describes how the backbone of a protein is arranged in space. It consists of at least two beta strands.
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True or False: DNA comparisons represents scientific evidence that life changed over time.
The statement " DNA comparisons represent scientific evidence that life changed over time" is true.
What is DNA?DNA is the genetic material of living beings. It is present inside the nucleus of the cells. It is found in coiled for. Furthermore, it is different for every human being, and the DNA of families matches to some extent.
Evolution is a fact. All living beings evolve over time and this is caused by many factors, this cause changes in old and new generations. So, by comparing DNA, we can find out evidence for the changes over time.
Therefore, the statement is true.
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Zachariah and Khai collect stamps. Zachariah has 9 American stamps out of 15 stamps. Khai has 13 American stamps out of 20 stamps. Which statement is correct?
Zachariah has a higher ratio of American stamps than Khai because 9 over 15 is greater than 13 over 20.
Khai has a higher ratio of American stamps than Zachariah because 9 over 15 is greater than 13 over 20.
Khai has a higher ratio of American stamps than Zachariah because 9 over 15 is less than 13 over 20.
Zachariah and Khai have the same ratio of American stamps.
The statement that is correct is option C: Khai has a higher ratio of American stamps than Zachariah because 9 over 15 is less than 13 over 20.
What is the statement about?The ratio of American stamps is found by dividing the number of American stamps a person has by the total number of stamps they have. For Zachariah, the ratio of American stamps is 9/15, and for Khai, the ratio is 13/20.
To determine which person has a higher ratio, we compare the two fractions by dividing both numerators (top numbers) by their denominators (bottom numbers) to get a decimal value.
9/15 = 0.6
13/20 = 0.65
Therefore, Since 0.65 is greater than 0.6, we can conclude that Khai has a higher ratio of American stamps compared to Zachariah.
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what discovery did altman and cech make that convinced them that rna was the macromolecule from which evolution of life began?
This RNA shearing as well as splicing requires enzymes, just like all other chemical reactions inside a cell.
Altman and Cech made their startling discovery that the enzymes were nucleic acids rather than proteins while looking again for enzymatic proteins of the these reactions.
Sidney Altman and Thomas Cech of the United States received this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovering that RNA (ribonucleic acid), a molecule of heredity in living cells, can also act as a biocatalyst.
For their discovery that RNA vigorously facilitates chemical reactions in cells, molecular biologist Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech (1947-) were jointly awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Altman and Cech independently identified a new function for RNA.
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the revolving nosepiece of a compound microscope is used to
the revolving nosepiece of a compound microscope is used to move lenses.
The lens components that are closest to the specimen being studied and that produce the enlarged picture are called the objective lenses.
The user can quickly and simply change the objective lens being utilized to switch between different magnifications thanks to the rotating nosepiece. The nosepiece can be turned to rotate the objective lenses, which are normally grouped in a circular pattern around it.
The magnification power of each objective lens varies, ranging from low-power lenses for scanning a large region of the specimen to high-power lenses for observing small details. The specimen is examined at various degrees of detail using the various magnifications in order.
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roughly what percent of human protein-coding genes are thought to be alternatively spliced?
Alternative splicing is predicted to occur in around 95% of human protein-coding genes.
What are genes?A gene is a piece of genetic data found in the DNA of an organism. It includes the instructions needed to create a certain protein, which serves a particular purpose in the cell. DNA, which is made up of the four chemical building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, makes up genes.
As a result, the proteome becomes more complex because a single gene can now produce several proteins. Between genes and tissues, alternative splicing varies widely, with some genes producing only a small number of isoforms while others can create dozens. The various functions of proteins in cells and the requirement for many isoforms in various tissues or developmental stages have been used as explanations for the diversity of splicing.
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when do cells divide? multiple select question. when neighboring cells die, opening up space in a tissue to be occupied by new cells when they grow large enough to have enough cytoplasm to distribute to their two daughter cells when they snugly contact neighboring cells or when nutrients or growth factors are withdrawn when they have replicated their dna, so they can give each daughter cell a duplicate set of genes
Explanation:
they receive signals from other cells that the tissue needs more cells because of an injury or increased demand
the hormone that helps plants respond to drought is
The hormone that helps plants respond to drought is called abscisic acid (ABA).
ABA is produced in response to water stress and helps plants conserve water by closing the stomata, the tiny pores on the leaves that allow for gas exchange with the atmosphere. By reducing the amount of water lost through transpiration, plants can conserve their water resources and survive in conditions of drought.
In addition to regulating water loss, ABA also plays a role in seed dormancy, germination, and other plant processes. It acts as a signaling molecule, transmitting information about environmental conditions to different parts of the plant and allowing it to respond appropriately.
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which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? group of answer choices phospholipids mrna dna amino acids
mRNA leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane. The membrane or envelope, a double lipid bilayer membrane, surrounds the chromosomes and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.
Nuclear membrane which refer to the type of membrane that lines the nucleus of a cell (or nuclear envelope). The nucleolus and genetic material are inside i.e., chromosomes and DNA. Two layers are formed by the membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum, which is a distinct group of membranes in the cell, is connected to it. The nuclear membrane resembles a significant number of nuclear pores. They are enormous, hollow proteins with a 100 nm-diameter, 40 nm-wide inner channel. They link the internal and external nuclear membranes. To allow the mitosis during cell division, the nuclear membrane discrete.
The complete question is:
Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?
a. phospholipids
b. mRNA
c. DNA
d. amino acids
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a. drag the correct nucleotide to the bottom of the left strand, where the dna polymerase is located. what happens?
Thus, the daughter strand is generated in a 5'-3' direction while DNA polymerase travels along the template strand in a 3'-5' direction.
Since the 3' end of the previous nucleotide chain must be extended in order for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis, it can only synthesize in one direction. The mitochondrial polymerase is in charge of replicating the mitochondrial DNA.
The remaining four enzymes are also found in the nucleus, making them potential participants in nuclear DNA replication. It proofreads each newly inserted base, editing the DNA as it goes. Polymerization proceeds once incorrect bases are swapped out for the right ones.
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what are the key problems in maintaining a competitive advantage in embryonic and growth industry environment?
The absence of complementary products to maximize are the main obstacles to maintaining a competitive advantage in the embryonic and growth environments.
The first version of a product's poor quality and performance, the customer's lack of familiarity with the product's capabilities, the possibility that distribution channels are underdeveloped, and For instance, a business is likely to have a competitive advantage if it advertises a product at a lower price than a comparable product from a rival.
The same holds true if the marketed product is more expensive but has special characteristics that buyers are ready to pay for. In business, competition reduces a company's market share and the pool of potential customers, particularly if demand is constrained. In order to remain competitive environment, a competitive market may also force price reductions.
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the fact that genetic determinants are inherited as discrete units that are unchanged when passed from generation to generation is best explained by the .
The fact that genetic determinants are inherited as discrete units that are unchanged when passed from generation to generation is best explained by the particulate theory of inheritance.
Particulate inheritance is a pattern of inheritance discovered by Mendelian genetics theorists, such as William Bateson, Ronald Fisher, or Gregor Mendel himself, demonstrating that phenotypic traits can be passed from generation to generation through "discrete particles" known as genes, which can maintain their ability to express while not always showing up in a descending generation.
According to the notion of particulate inheritance, distinct "particles" are handed down from parents to children. Although Mendel referred to them as "particles," we now understand that they are true "genes." These guidelines make up the so-called system of gene-based particle inheritance.
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corticosteroids area) stress hormones.b) sex hormones.c) neurotransmitters that regulate mood.d) neurotransmitters that regulate memory.
Corticosteroids are a) stress hormones.
Corticosteroids are a class of hormones produced by the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys. They are commonly referred to as stress hormones because they are involved in the body's response to stress. Corticosteroids play a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism, immune system, and stress response.One of the most important corticosteroids is cortisol, which is produced in response to stress and has a wide range of effects on the body. Cortisol helps to regulate blood sugar levels, reduce inflammation, and support the immune system. Cortisol also affects the brain and can affect mood and stress levels.In addition to cortisol, other corticosteroids include corticosterone and aldosterone, both of which play important roles in regulating the body's metabolic processes and fluid balance. Corticosteroids can also affect the body's response to stress, helping to increase the heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in response to a stressor.
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distinguish between (difference between) a. autosomes and sex chromosomes b. genotype and phenotype c. dna and rna d. recessive and dominant traits e. pedigrees and keryotypes f. gene and genome g. exome and genome
a. Autosomes are chromosomes that determine all traits other than sexual characteristics, whereas sex chromosomes determine sexual characteristics.
b. Genotype refers to a person's genetic makeup, whereas phenotype refers to observable traits.
c. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that stores information in cells, and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) aids in the translation of that information into protein synthesis.
d. Recessive traits are only expressed when a person inherits two copies of a specific gene, whereas dominant traits require only one copy of the gene.
e. Pedigrees are graphical depictions of family relationships and inheritance patterns, whereas karyotypes are graphical representations of chromosomes.
f. A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait, whereas the genome is an organism's entire set of genetic material.
g. The exome is the part of the genome that codes for proteins, whereas the genome contains all genetic material, including non-coding DNA.
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initial attachment of microorganisms often involves
Initial attachment of microorganisms often involves outer surface appendages and outer membrane adhesion proteins which will contribute to the initial biofilm attachment process.
A biofilm is created by growth of microorganisms and they also synthesize and secrete polymers that help in matrix development and adhesion, which changes the phenotypic of the organisms' growth and gene transcription.
A multivalent protein is the protein association between the adhesin and the extracellular matrix component fibronectin mediates the binding of the outer membrane adhesion factor MAM7 in proteins to host cells. Most of them have cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular domains and are the typical transmembrane proteins.
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protein molecules differ from carbohydrate or fat molecules by the linking together of what? group of answer choices amino acids
Proteins are composed of amino acids that differ from one another, unlike carbohydrates, which have the same repeating units.Twenty different types of naturally occurring amino acids are combined in various patterns to create the various proteins.
Amino acids make up the macromolecules known as proteins. Amino acids are frequently referred to as the building blocks of protein for this reason. There are 20 different amino acids, and our bodies need each one in order to create the wide variety of proteins that are found there.
For life to be nourished, renewed, and sustained, proteins are essential. Proteins are the only macronutrients with nitrogen in their fundamental structure in addition to the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that they share with carbohydrates and lipids.
The elements are organized into a certain shape in each amino acid, with a central carbon bonded to the following four substances:
i)hydrogen
ii)nitrogen-containing amino group
iii) carboxylic acid group (hence the name “amino acid”)
iv)side chain
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steroid hormones have hormone receptors in the: a. cell membrane. b. nucleus of the cell and cell membrane. c. nucleus of the cell. d. cytoplasm of the cell.
Steroid hormones have hormone receptors in the nucleus and cell membrane of the cell. So the correct option is option B.
The most widely studied class of steroid hormone receptors are the nuclear receptors, named for their function as ligand-dependent transcription factors in the cell nucleus. Steroid hormone action in musculoskeletal cells involves membrane receptors and the rapid cellular responses to regulate gene expression via signaling cascades. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is an intracellular steroid hormone receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of proteins. The MR mediates the physiological action of two important adrenal steroid hormones, aldosterone, and cortisol that have important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis. They are generally intracellular receptors (typically cytoplasmic or nuclear) and initiate signal transduction for steroid hormones which lead to changes in gene expression over a time period of hours to days.
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genetic therapy and engineering . a. have no value for our future b. have been used for many years to prevent genetic diseases c. are simple procedures that most doctors can perform d. are controversial scientific procedures please select the best answer from the choices provided. a b c
The correct answer is B. Have been used for many years to prevent genetic diseases. Genetic therapy and engineering are important branches of modern biotechnology that have the potential.
To change the course of human history. These procedures are used to modify or repair damaged DNA in order to cure or prevent genetic diseases . They have been used for many years to treat genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia, muscular therapy dystrophy, and cancer. While they are still considered controversial by some, advancements in this field have led to more effective and precise methods of gene editing, allowing for the potential to cure a wide range of genetic diseases in the future. Genetic therapy these procedures are not simple, and typically require the expertise of trained geneticists and scientists.
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The complete Question is:
Which of the following best describes the value and current use of genetic therapy and engineering?
A. Have no value for our future
B. Have been used for many years to prevent genetic diseases
C. Are simple procedures that most doctors can perform
D. Are controversial scientific procedures
Is RNA transcript being produced by the RNA polymerase complementary to the template strand of the DNA?
True , RNA transcript being produced by the RNA polymerase complementary to the template strand of the DNA.
In general , the RNA chain assembled by the process of transcription the transcript present is stretched at the rate of one nucleotide at one time, and it also contains a nucleotide sequence which is absolutely complementary to the strand of DNA that is used as the template .
Hence, DNA act as a template to make an RNA (mRNA) molecule. During the process of transcription, a string of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. As a result the part of the transcribed mRNA will be converted into functional proteins.
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