The first phase in the digestion of our meal is the breakdown of proteins into smaller protein fragments, which is made possible by the activation of enzymes in this environment.
The parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, which has three primary effects: 1) making the mouth a hostile environment for pathogenic microbes, 2) denatures proteins to make them more accessible for pepsin's enzymatic breakdown, and 3) activates the zymogen pepsinogen to its active site. The pH of the stomach is substantially lower than that of any other component of our digestive system, making it a storage area for powerful acids.
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which letter indicates the acellular layer that acts as a selective filter and a scaffold for regenerating epithelial cells?
Basal Lamina is the correct answer. The basal lamina, also referred to as the basal lamina , basement membrane .
This is a layer of specialized proteins and glycoproteins that forms a sheet-like layer between the cells of an organism and the extracellular matrix. Cells receive structural and metabolic support from this essential part of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, it contributes to a wide range of biological functions, including as cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell differentiation. Toxins and other substances cannot diffuse between cells and the extracellular matrix due to the basal lamina's barrier function. Furthermore, it aids in the guidance of cells during tissue growth and repair by supplying physical and biochemical cues.
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pls help and explain if can
The distance of the light source to the plant can be adjusted.
How can light intensity be varied in a photosynthesis experiment?Light intensity can be varied in a photosynthesis experiment by controlling the distance between the light source and the plant or algae being studied, adjusting the size of the light source, or using filters or other optical devices to modify the light that reaches the sample.
One common method of controlling light intensity is to adjust the distance between the light source and the sample. As the distance increases, the light intensity decreases. By carefully controlling the distance between the light source and the sample, researchers can precisely control the light intensity and observe the effect on photosynthesis.
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Classify each description as true of introns only, true of exons only, or true of both introns and exons. Exons only Introns only Both introns and exons Answer Bank generally absent from bacterial genomes present in eukaryotic genomes code for a protein
Introns are often lacking from the bacterial chromosome, Both lncrnas and exons are present in the chromosomes of eukaryotes. Exons alone would be protein-coding genes.
What characterizes a eukaryotic?Eukaryotes are animals whose cells have lattice organelles in addition to a nucleus. Eukaryotic monster comes in a great variety, such as most algae, all animals, plants, fungus, and parasitoid wasps. Organisms can have a single cell or many cells.
Have eukaryotes got DNA?DNA is tightly coiled around histone proteins clusters in eukaryotic chromosomes. Eukaryotes often have far less genetic code than eukaryotic ones. For instance, the ordinary human cell has 2 million, or three trillion base pairs.
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Why do researchers think the first self-replicating molecule was RNA? RNA is the only type of molecule that can catalyze a chemical reaction. O RNA can carry information and catalyze chemical reactions. O Self-replicating molecules of RNA exist today, in human cells. O Fossil evidence of such a molecule was recently discovered.
Researchers think the first self-replicating molecule was RNA because RNA can carry information and catalyze chemical reactions.
A single molecule that duplicates itself exactly is the basic type of self-replicating molecule. Researchers were able to create replicas in the lab that are slightly distinct in structure from the initial and are thus mutations, which is what evolution requires, according to Professor Otto.
All of the biological cells contain ribonucleic acid (RNA). It plays a major role in the production of proteins by acting as a messenger for DNA, which in turn carries the genetic information necessary for the growth and sustenance of life.
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What is the name of the protein that travels in the phloem to shoot meristems and interacts with other proteins there to start the process of flower production?
Flowering locus time is the name of the protein that travels in the phloem to shoot meristems and interacts with other proteins there to start the process of flower production.
The protein known as flowering locus time goes through the phloem to shoot meristems where it interacts with other proteins to initiate the blooming process. Florigen, a systemic signal, promotes floral bloom. Its molecular structure is composed of a conserved FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein belonging to the PEBP family. FT, which is expressed in the leaf phloem and transported to the shoot apical meristem, initiates the floral transition. It is created in the leaves and transported to the shoot apical meristem (SAM), where it helps with the changeover between floral stages. It is theorized that floraligen, also known as flowering hormone, is an insulin-like protein particle that controls or hastens the ability of plants to initiate flowers. These floral compounds are made in The apical meristems and growing points of the stem, root, and bud contain the leaf.
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what is the name of the protein that travels in the phloem to shoot meristems and interacts with other proteins there to start the process of flower production? A. Flowering locus time B. Flowering locus C C. Cycloidea D. LEC1 protein
Flowering locus time is the name of the protein that travels in the phloem to shoot tip meristems and interacts with other proteins there to start the process of flower therefore the correct option is A.
The protein responsible for initiating flower production in plants is called the Flowering Locus C (FLC) protein. FLC is a transcription factor that travels in the phloem and binds to other proteins at the shoot meristem to activate the flowering process. FLC specifically interacts with the LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) protein,
Which activates the expression of genes involved in the development of flowers. FLC also works with other proteins, including the CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and INDEHISCENT (IND) proteins, to control the timing of flower formation. All of these proteins work together to regulate the flowering process in plants, giving them the ability to produce flowers at the appropriate time.
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a sexually transmitted disease that usually shows up as a wart on the genitals, hands, or feet is:
a sexually transmitted disease that usually shows up as a wart on the genitals, hands, or feet is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV, a sexually transmitted virus, poses a threat to various aspects of health. It can be contracted through various sexual practices.
HPV causes genital warts, small fleshy growths in the genital region, and cancers of the human reproductive organs and throat. Additionally, some HPV strains can result in non-cancerous conditions like warts on the hands or feet.
HPV has many different strains, some considered low-risk and others high-risk. Low-risk HPV causes genital warts, while high-risk HPV causes cancer. The body's immune system can usually fight off HPV, but sometimes, the infection persists leading to health problems.
Regular pap tests and HPV testing, as well as a vaccine for common HPV strains causing genital warts and cancer, can help detect HPV early and prevent the development of cancer.
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10. a type of fibrous protein that makes up the majority of the cortex of a hair is: a. keratin. c. cuticle. b. protein. d. none of these choices.
A type of fibrous protein that makes up the majority of the cortex of a hair is (a) keratin.
A protein called keratin aids in the formation of your skin's outer layer, hair, and nails (epidermis). Your skin is supported, wounds are treated, and your hair and nails are kept in good condition. Your body contains 54 different varieties of keratin. The two are as follows: Type I: In your body, there are 54 different types of keratins, 28 of which are type I.
Keratin, a fibrous and helical protein that is part of the makeup of the skin and all phanera, makes up 95% of the protein that makes up hair (hair, nails, etc.).
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Antiviral medications help _____ the flu and vaccines help _________ the flu.
A. Treat; Prevent
B. Prevent; Treat
C. Treat; Spread
D. Prevent; Spread
Antiviral medications help Treat the flu and vaccines help Prevent the flu.
Antiviral medications belong to a group of pharmaceuticals used to treat viral infections. While most antivirals focus on particular viruses, broad-spectrum antivirals work against a variety of viruses. Antiviral medications fall under the category of "antimicrobials," which also includes treatments that are antibiotic (sometimes known as "antibacterial"), antifungal, antiparasitic, or monoclonal antibody-based. Antivirals can be used to treat infections because they are generally thought to be relatively safe for the host. They should be differentiated from viricides, which aren't medicines but deactivate or obliterate viral particles either inside the body or outside it. Certain plants, including eucalyptus and Australian tea trees, naturally produce viricides.
A vaccination is a biological treatment that offers active acquired immunity against a specific infectious or cancerous disease. Numerous studies and analyses have been done to confirm the efficacy and safety of vaccines. An agent that resembles a disease-causing bacteria is generally found in vaccines, and this agent is frequently created from the microbe's toxins, weakened or deceased versions, or one of its surface proteins. The substance induces the immune system to identify the substance as a threat, eliminate it, and then identify and eliminate any subsequent bacteria that may be connected with the substance.
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When an allele is the only variant in the population it is said to be:
When an allele is the only variant in the population it is said to be a fixed allele.
A fixed allele is an allele for which there is just one variant in the whole population of that gene. The entire population is homozygous for a fixed allele.
Allele fixation is made possible by natural selection processes such sexual, convergent, divergent, or stabilizing selection. One way that some of these natural selection processes lead to fixation is by favoring a certain genotype or phenotype, which causes the variability to converge until one allele becomes fixed. When two genotypes or phenotypes are preferred by natural selection, two alleles can become fixed, causing divergence within the population until the populations become so distinct that they are now two species, each with its own fixed allele.
In evolutionary biology, fixed alleles play a crucial role. Mass extinctions can result from low genetic diversity, which is demonstrated with allele fixation. When a population lacks genetic diversity and all of its members are genetically vulnerable to the same virus, the population is likely to vanish.
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what happens to the paired chromosomes during anaphase?
Every chromosomal pair splits into two identical and independent chromosomes during anaphase. The mitotic spindle, a component that separates the chromosomes, is present.
When in anaphase 2, do paired chromatids separate?Sister chromatids are released from one another during anaphase II, when the centromere divides. The newly divided sister chromatids are now being pulled to the opposite ends of the cell by shortening spindle fibers.
Anaphases 1 and 2: What happens to the chromosomes?Homologous chromosomes split apart and migrate to the cell's opposing ends during anaphase 1. Sister chromatids split during anaphase 2 in a manner similar to that of mitotic anaphase. Anaphase is when genetic material is separated, hence this process needs to be carefully controlled.
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Which one of the following contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell? A. Golgi Aparatus B. Mithocondria C. Nucleolus D. Nucleus
The correct answer is option D. Nucleus. The genetic material is housed in the nucleus, a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which holds the instructions for the cell's growth, operation, and reproduction, makes up the genetic material in the nucleus.
The basis for heredity is the organisation of the DNA into chromosomal structures, which hold the instructions for creating proteins. Ribonucleic acid (RNA), which is important in the control of gene expression and the synthesis of proteins, is also found in the nucleus.
The nucleus also serves as the control centre of the cell, directing the creation of proteins and controlling the development and division of the cell.
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is the organelle that houses the genetic material and is in control of the cell’s activities.
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___________ allows chyme to enter into the large intestine & prevents it from going back into the small intestine.
The ileocecal valve is the structure that allows chyme to enter into the large intestine and prevents it from going back into the small intestine.
This valve is situated between the cecum and the ileum, the final segment of the small intestine (the first part of the large intestine). It is made up of a ring of smooth muscle tissue that flies open and shut to control the passage of food from the small intestine into the big intestine. The valve opens when the small intestine constricts and forces chyme into the cecum, allowing the substance to pass into the large intestine. The valve closes when the pressure in the large intestine increases, preventing any material from returning to the small intestine. The ileocecal valve is crucial for ensuring correct digestion of food and for shielding the small intestine from potentially hazardous compounds created in the large intestine.
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the protein indicated by a question mark in the figure depicting the steps of the common pathway of coagulation is .
The protein indicated by a question mark in the figure depicting the steps of the common pathway of coagulation is thrombin.
When coupled to thrombomodulin, thrombin activates Protein C, a coagulation cascade inhibitor. After thrombin binds to thrombomodulin, a key membrane protein produced by endothelial cells, protein C activation is significantly increased. Factors Va and VIIIa are rendered inactive by activated protein C. Protein S's activity is somewhat increased when active protein C interacts to it. Antithrombin, a serine protease inhibitor, also renders thrombin inactive.
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Consider the characteristics of moss and fern life cycle.
Which of the following sets of statements is true?
Amongst moss and ferns, In the case of mosses, the gametophyte is basically the dominant phase of the life cycle whereas in the case of ferns, the sporophyte is categorized as the dominant stage of the life cycle. Although, in both mosses as well ferns, moisture is needed for sperm to reach the egg.
Hence, option d is the correct option.
Mosses are basically spore-bearing nonvascular plants, whereas ferns are basically the first terrestrial vascular plants. Mosses lack the distinction in the plant body whereas ferns possess with real stems, leaves, as well as roots in the plant body. Both mosses and ferns show generational alternation in their life cycles.
In ferns, the sporophyte is categorized as the dominant stage of the life cycle whereas in the case of mosses, the gametophyte is basically the dominant phase of the life cycle. Although, in both mosses as well ferns, moisture is needed so that the sperm can reach reach the egg.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Consider the characteristics of moss and fern life cycles. Which of the following sets of statements is true?
a. The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.
b. In mosses, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.
c. The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. Mosses require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but ferns do not.
d. In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both mosses and ferns, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.
e. In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Ferns require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but mosses do not"--
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in human females, germ-line cells that undergo meiosis are found in what organ?
The germ cells that go through meiosis develop into oocytes, which are the source of subsequent eggs.So, a limited number of oocytes that are arrested during the initial meiotic prophase are present at birth in females. throughout the ovary.
Where are the ovaries?In the side edge of the pelvic cavity, the ovaries are situated in two shallow depressions known as ovarian fornix, one on either side of the uterus.Peritoneal ligaments slackly hold them in place.
How come female ovaries?On either sides of the uterus are two ovaries.Eggs and chemicals like progesterone and estrogen are produced by the ovaries.These hormones facilitate pregnancy and aid in the growth of girls.A woman's cycle involves the release of an egg from the ovaries.
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describing a person as having hemophilia is to indicate his or her group of answer choices genotype phenotype genetic code number of chromosomes
Option b is Correct. A person's phenotype is indicated when they are said to have hemophilia. Males have a single X and a single Y chromosome.
Haemophilia was once thought of as a textbook case of Mendelian inheritance because the disease phenotype is caused by a mutation in just one gene (F8 or F9). The spread of the illness is total. But research has shown that the illness has strong genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities.
The information needed to generate proteins like factor VIII and factor IX is encoded in a person's DNA. The gene for either the factor VIII protein or the factor IX protein has a mutation (difference from normal) in hemophilia patients. The X chromosome is home to the hemophilia-causing defective gene.
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Correct Question:
Describing a person as having hemophilia is to indicate his or her ______.
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. genetic code
d. number of chromosomes
when information is encoded in molecules, the reproduction cost is _____ than it would be if the information were encoded in bits.
a. higher
b. the same as
c. lower
When information is encoded in molecules, the reproduction cost is higher than it would be if the information were encoded in bits. Option A is correct.
When information is encoded in molecules, such as DNA or RNA, the reproduction cost is generally higher than it would be if the information were encoded in bits. This is because the replication of molecular information, such as DNA replication, is a much more complex process than the duplication of digital information, such as copying a file on a computer.
In addition, molecular information is often stored within cells, which are much more complex and difficult to replicate than digital devices. As a result, the cost of replicating molecular information is often higher in terms of both energy and resources.
However, molecular information has some advantages over digital information, such as greater stability and the ability to evolve over time. The cost of reproducing molecular information is also likely to decrease as technology improves and new methods for synthesizing and replicating DNA are developed.
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What helps a cell move in its environment?
What is one way in which a cellular slime mold differs from a plasmodial slime mold?
A cellular slime mold differs from a plasmodial slime mold in the way when it is multicellular.
When grazing on bacteria, slime mould becomes a multicellular, dynamic collective. Researchers from the Universities of Geneva and Aix-Marseille have discovered that when feeding on bacteria, the slime mould Fonticula alba develops a multicellular, dynamical communal.
Plasmodial slime molds, also known as myxomycetes, are frequently found on rotting wood and decomposing forest litter. As decomposers and recyclers of nutrients in the food web, they have a significant impact. Their main source of food is microorganisms that consume decaying plant debris. While cellular slime molds form an accumulated mass of distinct amoebas that can travel as a singular body, plasmodial slime moulds form a single-celled, multinucleate mass.
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the scientific discipline that looks at genetics, evolution, the fossil record, and our closest relatives in the animal kingdom in order to gain a greater understanding of humans is known as group of answer choices
The scientific discipline that looks at genetics, evolution, the fossil record, and our closest relatives in the animal kingdom in order to gain a greater understanding of humans is known as physical anthropology.
physical anthropology, branch of anthropology concerned with the origin, elaboration, and diversity of people. Physical anthropologists work astronomically on three major sets of problems mortal and inhuman primate elaboration, mortal variation and its significance ( see also race), and the natural bases of mortal gets.
The course that mortal elaboration has taken and the processes that have brought it about are of equal concern. In order to explain the diversity within and between mortal populations, physical anthropologists must study past populations of reactionary hominins as well as the inhuman primates. important light has been thrown upon the relation to other primates and upon the nature of the metamorphosis to mortal deconstruction and Gester in the course of elaboration from early hominins to ultramodern people a span of at least four million times.
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what can you infer about a high-molecular-weight protein that cannot be transported into the nucleus? group of answer choices it lacks a nuclear localization signal (nls). it contains errors in its amino acid sequence. it lacks a signal sequence. it is too large.
It lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS) when it infers about a high-molecular-weight protein that cannot be transported into the nucleus.
The process through which a cell's machinery breaks down and recycles previously produced proteins after a finite amount of time is known as protein turnover. The half-life of a protein is a typical measure of its lifespan. In mammalian cell, they have an average lifespan of 1–2 days but can live for minutes or years. Aberrant or misfolded proteins degrade more quickly because they are targets for apoptosis or because they are insecure.
The complete question is:
What can you infer about a high molecular weight protein that cannot be transported into the nucleus?
A. It is too large.
B. It contains errors in its amino acid sequence.
C. It lacks a signal sequence.
D. It lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS).
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What allows passage of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine?
Chyme travels from the small intestine to the cecum of the large intestine via the ileocecal valve. Combining peristaltic waves and this dehydration aids in compacting the chyme.
Peristalstic waves transport the chyme into the ascending and transverse colons, where any leftover nutrients and some water are absorbed. Chyme, or partially digested food, is transported through the pyloric sphincter, a ring of smooth muscle at the lower part of the stomach, and into the duodenum by muscular contractions. Peristalsis in the ileum drives chyme into the cecum shortly after eating. The ileocecal sphincter contracts harder when the cecum is filled with chyme. Colon motions start as soon as chyme enters the cecum.
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6.based on the results of the experiment as well as what you learned about the mechanism of gene transfer between bacterial cells, was the streptomycin resistance gene transferred from strain i to strain ii, or was the ampicillin resistance gene transferred from strain ii to strain i? how do you know?
Mutation was the mechanism of gene transfer between bacterial cells.
A mutation is a change in the DNA that can occasionally result in a change in the gene product, which is the antimicrobial's target.
Bacterial horizontal gene transfer is accomplished by three basic mechanisms: conjugation, natural transformation, and transduction. Conjugation is the most researched mode of horizontal gene transfer in the human gut or elsewhere.
Conjugation involves the transfer of DNA pieces ranging in size from extremely tiny to enormous chromosomes. The steps of conjugation occur in the following order: a) cell-to-cell contact, b) mating pair formation, and eventually c) plasmid DNA transfer via a conjugative pilus.
The conjugative pilus is thought to represent Type IV secretion system machinery. The conjugative machinery genes are encoded by self-replicating plasmids or integrative conjugative elements in the chromosome.
From strain II to strain I, the ampicillin resistance gene was transmitted. We know this because ampicillin resistance is found on the plasmid rather than the chromosomal DNA, and the most common form of gene transfer done by bacteria in nature is conjunction, which occurs when one bacteria shares a strain of its plasmid with another bacteria, allowing that bacteria to inherit some of its DNA.
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Which of these is an organism that produces the same traits ineach generation? a. hybridb.pea plantC. chromosomeD. purebred
An organism that produces the same traits in each generation is purebred.
Thus, the correct option is D.
Eаch time Mendel studied а trаit, he crossed two plаnts with different expressions of the trаit аnd found thаt the new plаnts аll looked like one of the two pаrents. Mendel cаlled these new plаnts hybrids becаuse they received different genetic informаtion or different аlleles, for а trаit from eаch pаrent
Аn orgаnism thаt аlwаys produces the sаme trаits generаtion аfter generаtion is cаlled а purebred. The difference between hybrid and purebred is
Hybrid: Аn offspring thаt wаs given different genetic informаtion for а trаit from eаch pаrent.Purebred: Аn offspring thаt аlwаys produces the sаme trаits generаtion аfter generаtion.For more information about purebred refers to the link:
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which of these is an organism that produces the same traits in every generation?
A purebred organism is one that passes down the same features from generation to generation.
What do you call the gene pairs that code for the same traits?An organism's genotype is formed up of the alleles it possesses together. The genotype of an organism is referred to as homozygous or heterozygous depending on whether the paired alleles are the same or different.
Genetically identical organisms are known as what?Clone, usually spelled clon, is a term used to describe a cell or creature that is genetically identical to the source cell or organism. The term "clone" comes from the Greek word "klon," which means "twig."
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Question:
Which of these is an organism that produces the same traits in
each generation?
a. hybrid
b.pea plant
C. chromosome
D. purebred
α helices are coils with how many amino acids per complete turn?
α helices are coils with a total of 3.6 amino acids per complete turn.
What are amino acids?Any of a class of organic compounds composed of a basic amino group (NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) unique to each amino acid. Amino acid is an abbreviation for α-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid.
Each molecule has a core carbon (C) atom, known as the -carbon, to which amino and a carboxyl group are linked. A hydrogen (H) atom and the R group typically fulfill the remaining two bonds of the α-carbon atom.
The specific molecular structure of the R group distinguishes the amino acids.
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P2 question FINSHING the cladogram
In the cladogram, after the ray-finned fish, the coelacanth and then the lungfish were evolved, and then frogs and amphibians were evolved, and this happened due to the accumulation of the different traits together.
What is the significance of the cladogram and evolution?The cladogram explains and illustrates how organisms evolve over time, as well as providing evidence of natural selection and distinct characteristics of the organisms represented in the cladogram.
Hence, in the cladogram, after the ray-finned fish, the coelacanth and then the lungfish were evolved, and then frogs and amphibians were evolved, and this happened due to the accumulation of the different traits together.
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what is the study of plant and animal called
The study of plants and animals is called Biology.
Explanation:
The study of life and living things is called biology. Scientists who study biology are known as biologists. The main branches of biology are zoology (the study of animals), botany (the study of plants), and MICROBIOLOGY (the study of tiny organisms
in a cross between a white-eyed female fruit fly and a red-eyed male fruit fly, what is the expected outcome?
The outcome in between a white-eyed female fruit fly and a red-eyed male fruit fly, what is the expected outcome of offspring with the dominant red-eye phenotype.
In this type of cross, the X chromosome inherited from the womanish cover is carrying the white- eye allele and the Y chromosome inherited from the manly cover is carrying the red- eye allele. As the red eye phenotype is dominant, the seed will show the particularity and have red eyes.
This is because the X chromosome is only incompletely expressed in males, meaning the red- eye allele will be expressed over the white- eye allele. The seed will also be heterozygous, meaning they will carry both the white- eye and red- eye alleles. In posterior generations, if two heterozygous canvases are crossed.
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