The level of protein structure that is associated with the sequence of amino acids is the primary structure.
What are amino acids?Amino acids are the monomers that will form proteins, they are organic molecules that will have two ends that characterize them: one end where it has an amino group and one end with a carboxyl group.
The amino acids through amide bonds (or better named peptide bonds) will come together to form peptides. This reaction will happen in the cytoplasm of the cells thanks to the ribosomes that will generate these unions. There are different types of amino acids and they can be classified into three groups: essential, non-essential and conditional amino acids.
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which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release?
Principal cells absorb sodium and release potassium into the lumen in response to aldosterone.
A steroid hormone called aldosterone is released by the adrenal glands. Its major function is to control how much salt and water the body retains, which has an impact on blood pressure. Your kidneys and intestines get a signal from aldosterone to increase the quantity of sodium or potassium they release into your urine or deliver into your circulation. The action of aldosterone on salt elevation allows your body to retain water within your blood, increasing blood volume. Principal cells absorb sodium and release potassium into the lumen in response to aldosterone.A substance called antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is created in the brain and makes the kidneys release less water, which reduces the volume of urine produced. The body produces less pee when ADH levels are high.
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Tay-sachs occurs when cannot clean up cellular debris.a. Trueb. False
It is true that Tay-Sachs develops when cells cannot clear away debris.
A genetic disorder with a focus on the nervous system is Tay-Sachs disease. It is brought on by a lack of the hexosaminidase A enzyme, which normally aids in the breakdown of the fatty compound GM2 ganglioside. Disease develops when cellular debris cannot be removed.
When GM2 ganglioside builds up in the brain and nervous system of Tay-Sachs patients, it causes progressive damage that ultimately results in death. Tay-Sachs disease is most frequently diagnosed in infants and is characterized by symptoms like seizures, muscle weakness, vision loss, and developmental delays.
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Which structure determines the direction of root growth by sensing gravity?
a) Mucigel
b) Pith
c) Root hairs
d) Root cap
By detecting gravity, the root cap structure chooses this same direction of root growth.
The root cap, a tiny tissue just at tip of the root, serves as a barrier against environmental stress and aids in the perception of gravity. The root cap must maintain its position and size throughout root growth in order to carry out its functions. The growing root tip is covered by a multi - layered dome of spindle-shaped cell walls known as the root cap (RC). The roots of almost all crop species contain it. Gravity sensing primarily takes place in the limit, an organ that covers this same root apical meristem, in roots. In addition to acting as a sensor for various environmental cues, the root cap also protects the meristem as the root develops in the soil.
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what happens to the field of view in a compound light microscope when the total magnification is increased?
The field of view in a compound light microscope decreases as the total magnification increases.
The concept of the field of view in a compound light microscope refers to the comprehensive expanse of the specimen under scrutiny that can be discerned through the ocular of the instrument.
As the total magnification is augmented, whether by incorporating more powerful objective lenses or by escalating the magnification factor of the eyepiece, the field of view necessarily dwindles.
This reduction in the field of view is an inevitable outcome of the increased magnification, which hones in on a restricted portion of the specimen, thereby affording a more meticulous and magnified representation of that specific region, but at the cost of a curtailed general panoramic view of the specimen.
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passive gene–environment correlations are __________.
Since childhood, there have been links between passive gene-environment and the family environment.
What kinds of gene-environment relationships are there?The gene-environment correlation (rGE) phenomena states that genetics can affect an individual's susceptibility to bad and/or protective circumstances. There are three distinct varieties of rGE: passive, evocative/reactive, and active.
What exactly does the term "gene-environment correlation" mean?The idea of gene-environment correlation states that our genes have an impact on the surroundings to which we are exposed. Males are more likely to be impacted when an X chromosome-based deleterious allele is present. The term "passive gene-environment correlation" describes the relationship between a child's genotype—which they receive from their parents—and the environment in which they grow up.
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why is it acceptable to transfuse an ab person with a packed cells but unacceptable to transfuse type a whole blood?
Because it may result in a potentially fatal disease known as a hemolytic transfusion reaction, it is not appropriate to transfuse type A whole blood into an AB person.
Red blood cell destruction results from the body of the recipient attacking the transfused blood cells because type A whole blood includes A antigens that are incompatible with the recipient's B antigens. Packed cells are a safer option for transfusion since they do not have the same antigen composition as whole blood. Blood is transfused by attaching a tube from the donor's vein to the recipient's vein and pumping the blood via the tube. A skilled medical professional usually performs blood transfusions in a hospital or clinic setting.
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If a competitive inhibitor is present in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction, then:
A. Km↑ & Vmax↓
B. Km↓ & Vmax↑
C. Km↑ & Vmax is same
D. Km is same & Vmax↓
An inhibitor is a substance that competes for active site on enzyme with substrate. Therefore, Km↑ & Vmax is same because this is always a reversible reaction.
What is inhibitor?An Inhibitor is a substance that slow down the rate of reaction or reduces the efficiency of a catalyst. Inhibitor is also a substance which when added to an environment in small concentrations, it leads to corrosion. Inhibitors are of two types Anodic and Cathodic Inhibitors. Inhibitors can slowdown the corrosion by forming a protective film. Inhibitors are frequently biological molecules that interact with a specific chemical reaction, either during the reaction or by preventing the reaction from occurring at all.
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what is a distinctive feature of all eukaryotic cells?
A distinctive feature of all the eukaryotic cells is the presence of membrane bound organelles and a presence of a well defined nucleus.
Eukaryotic organisms basically include algae, fungi, protozoans, plants, and animals. Some of the eukaryotic cells are independent as well as single-celled microorganisms, whereas other eukaryotic cells are a part of multicellular organisms. Eukaryotic cells are basically defined by the presence of well defined a nucleus which is surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane.
Eukaryotic cells also have a presence of membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm. The genome of these cells is found to be packaged in multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes compared to the single as well circular-shaped chromosome that characterizes most prokaryotic cells.
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dr. van nostrand is trying to understand how messages are sent between the nervous system and endocrine system. he has no practical application in mind. what type of work is he doing?
Dr. Van Nostrand is doing pure research.
Pure basic research is research that is done only for the purpose of advancing knowledge, without considering the long-term economic or societal advantages, and without making any conscious efforts to directly adapt the findings to real-world issues or to the sectors that will be using them.
Understanding fundamental traits and functions are the main goal of pure research. For instance, determining the components and characteristics of drinking water is pure research. The utilization of knowledge to produce practical materials is the subject of applied research. Understanding fundamental traits and functions are the main goal of pure research.
The utilization of knowledge to produce practical materials is the subject of applied research. Pure and practical research can occasionally blur together.
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what structure connects the highlighted muscle cells to one another? the image shows red stripes with rounded small black structures inside. the highlighted structure is a rectangular portion of such a stripe.what structure connects the highlighted muscle cells to one another? intercalated discs tight junctions z discs sarcomeres
In the heart, connections between cardiac muscle cells are known as intercalated discs. Cellular junction proteins are a component of these structures, which are specific to cardiac muscle cells.
Since arthropods have an open circulatory system and a straightforward tubular heart, it has been predicted that their cardiac muscles' ability to contract and pump blood will be less effective than that of vertebrates.
According to histology, each sarcolemma's boundary lamina joins the basement membrane to create an elastic sheath, and the extracellular matrix enables the cells to attach to other tissues. The intercalated disc has desmosomes that hold the fibers together during cardiac muscle contraction and gap junctions for depolarization because it is a component of the sarcolemma.
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Where along the horizontal axis are the oldest areas of the seafloor?
Answer: The oldest areas of the seafloor are around the edges of continents and deep see trenches, especially the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Explanation:
replication is the synthesis of _______, and transcription is the synthesis of _______.
Replication is the synthesis of an exact copy of DNA; and transcription is the synthesis of an RNA copy of DNA.
A double-stranded DNA molecule is copied in the DNA replication process to create two identical DNA molecules. The need for replication arises from the fact that every time a cell splits, the two daughter cells must share the same genetic material, or DNA, as the parent cell.
The process of creating an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence is known as transcription in the context of genomics. The DNA-encoded protein information for the gene is carried by this copy, known as messenger RNA (mRNA). MRNA is utilised to synthesise the encoded protein in humans and other complex creatures. It goes from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm (watery center) of the cell.
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These are not visible in the cell during interphase
Cells spend most of their time in a stage called interphase.
What is visible in the cell during interphase?During interphase, single chromosomes are not visible, and the chromatin appears diffuse and cluttered. In general, the nucleolus is visible only in interphase cells. attendant with the condensation of chromosomes as the cell detains mitosis, the nucleolus is observed to decrease in size, then vanish as RNA synthesis stops.
Chromatin is in its least condensed stage through the interphase stageInterphase is the portion of the cell cycle that does not go with visible interphase changes under the microscope, and involves the G1, S, and G2 phases These are not visible in the cell during interphase. Mitosis. This is the name for when one cell divides into two. Haploid.
So we can conclude that The interphase is the time when the cell is in a non-dividing state and this can be in different stages
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media used to isolate specific types of microorganisms from saliva, feces, or any other sample that contains many microbial species are called
Media used to isolate specific types of microorganisms from saliva, feces, or any other sample that contains many microbial species are called selective media.
When isolating or identifying a specific organism, the use of selective and differential mediums is necessary. The growth of other sorts of organisms is inhibited by selective media, which only enable particular kinds of organisms to flourish. There are a few different approaches that can be taken to achieve selectivity.
For instance, organisms that are able to consume a certain sugar can be easily tested for utilization of that sugar by making that sugar the only carbon source present in the medium. The addition of dyes, antibiotics, salts, or specialized inhibitors that have an effect on the metabolism or enzyme systems of the organisms is another method that can be used to produce selective inhibition of certain types of bacteria.
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Chromatin, which consists of dna and associated proteins, undergoes coiling and condenses during cell division to form?
Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, undergoes coiling and condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.
DNA and histones, which are bundled into fine, string-like fibers, make up chromatin. Although these chromatin fibers are not condensed, they can exist in heterochromatin, which is a compact form, or in a less compact form (euchromatin). In euchromatin, procedures like DNA replication, transcription, and recombination take place. Chromatin condenses to produce chromosomes during cell division.
Condensed chromatin is arranged in single-stranded clusters called chromosomes. Chromosomes replicate throughout the mitosis and meiosis cell division processes to make sure that each new daughter cell receives the appropriate number of chromosomes. A duplicated chromosome bears the well-known X shape and is double stranded. The centromere, which is located in the center, is where the two identical strands are joined.
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kenard has deficient adrenal glands and they have not functioned properly since birth. which symptom is kenard most likely to experience as a result?
kenard has deficient adrenal glands, and they have not functioned properly since birth. kenard will most likely to experience as a result high levels of stress even in non-stressful situations.
The process through which the embryo and the fetus develop throughout a viviparous mammal's pregnancy is referred to as "prenatal development." Prenatal development which starts with fertilization and lasts until birth which includes the fetal growth stage. Antenatal development is also known for prenatal development in human pregnancy. The human embryo develops during the fetal stage after fertilization. By the conclusion of the tenth week of gestation, the embryo has developed into the basic shape; at this stage, it is referred to as a fetus. The next stage of development is fetal development, during which time different organs which complete their development. At this point in pregnancy, significant events which are mentioned according to gestational age.
The complete question is:
kenard has deficient adrenal glands and they have not functioned properly since birth. which symptom is kenard most likely to experience as a result?
A. high levels of stress even in non-stressful situations
B. abnormal weight gain
C. feeling tired during the day
D. irregular menstrual cycles
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Describe issues of using animals in research and use the studies to verify the points made.
Using animals in research raises a number of ethical, scientific, and practical concerns. Here are some of the most commonly cited issues:
Ethical concerns: There is a strong argument that it is morally wrong to subject animals to procedures that may cause pain, suffering, or death, especially when there are alternative methods available. This is especially true for animal species that are capable of experiencing pain and suffering, such as monkeys, dogs, and cats.Scientific validity: Some studies have shown that results obtained from animal research may not accurately reflect human physiology or disease processes. This is due in part to the fact that animals may respond differently to drugs or diseases than humans do. Additionally, some animal models may not fully capture the complex nature of human diseases, leading to a lack of generalizability of results to the human population.Practical limitations: There are also practical limitations to using animals in research, including the cost and time involved in conducting studies and the difficulty of obtaining and maintaining large animal colonies. Additionally, there may be legal and regulatory barriers to using certain animal species in research, particularly those that are endangered or protected.Know more about the topic:There is a growing body of research that supports the concerns listed above. For example, a systematic review of preclinical studies found that only about 6% of drugs that were found to be effective in animal studies were later found to be effective in humans (Crunelli and Leresche, 2002). Another study found that animal models often failed to predict human outcomes for a variety of diseases, including cancer, stroke, and heart disease (Schmidt and Woo, 2006).
In conclusion, while animal research has been an important tool in advancing medical knowledge, it is clear that there are significant ethical, scientific, and practical limitations to using animals in research. These limitations have led to increased efforts to develop alternative methods that are more humane, scientifically valid, and practically feasible.
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https://brainly.com/question/2033669bone grafting can result in rebuilding some bone lost because of disease. group of answer choices true false
True , Bone grafting is a surgical process in which diseased or damaged bones are repaired and rebuilt using donated bone. A bone transplant can be used to heal bones practically anywhere in your body.
To accomplish the transplant, your surgeon may remove bone from your hips, legs, or ribs. Deepened pocket depths with alveolar bone loss result in tooth movement, drifting, flaring, and eventually loss of the afflicted tooth as periodontal tissue deterioration progresses. In severe situations, where multiple teeth are damaged, these anomalies cause the biting function to collapse.
When plaque and tartar accumulate beneath the gumline, bacterial toxins begin to degrade bone and connective structures. The immune system responds to combat the infection, but this alone will not prevent bone loss.
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A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in?
A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in option b.) a predator that drifts through the ocean.
Any plane that passes through the center of the body divides it into two equal halves, which is a characteristic of radial symmetry. Echinodermata and the Phylum Porifera both exhibit this kind of symmetry. They are animals with radial symmetry (which is symmetry around a central axis so that the organism can be divided into similar halves by any plane that contains the main axis). Therefore, choice B is right.
Animals that are radially symmetrical have a top and a bottom but no front or rear or obvious left and right sides. These creatures frequently have unlimited range of motion. Comparable species with bilateral symmetry include people, seals, and whales, which typically move forward or backward and have clearly defined front, back, right, and left.
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Complete question is:
A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in...
a.) a chordate that is a prey animal
b.) a predator that drifts through the ocean
c.) an animal that burrows through soil
d.) an animal that is an herbivore
e.) an animal with cephalization.
The spindle apparatus is fully formed by the end of?
The spindle fibers apparatus is fully formed by the end of prophase in the cell cycle.
Spindle fibers are An essential component of the segregation of chromosomes during cell division is the spindle machinery. Its creation is important for the precise segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. It is made of microtubules and related proteins.
Centrosomes, the primary microtubule organizing structures in cells, travel to the opposite poles of the cell during prophase and start to arrange the microtubules into a bipolar array. The condensed and visible chromosomes are subsequently interacted with by these microtubules, which aid in separating and aligning the chromosomes at the metaphase plate.
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Pa help po pls.... I really need help po. I'll mark brainliest who answered po.
Design Your Offspring:
Create your imaginary offspring. Bring in a picture or drawing of yourself and of your sweetheart, favorite celebrity, or dream girl or guy (this pictures are not included).
1. Attach your picture to your poster (this pictures are not included). Next to each picture, describe the traits and give each a genotype. (Use your imagination)
2. Identify two different possible children. Show and describe the phenotypes and genotypes for each children.
3. Show a monohybrid cross using your trait. (Example. Mm x mm). Show the Punnet and the ratios produced. Include the genotype and phenotype in the punnet square.
The monohybrid cross of the given trait of height represented by H and h is given in the attached picture.
The phenotypic ratio is 3 : 1
What is a monohybrid cross?A monohybrid cross is made up of two organisms that have distinct variants at the same genetic locus. In a monohybrid cross, two or more variations for a single gene site control the trait under study.
The trait that is used in this cross is height, where H represents the allele for tallness and h represents the allele for shortness.
H is dominant over h
Hh x Hh = HH, Hh, Hh, and hh
Hh and HH are the phenotypes for tall
hh is the phenotype for short
The phenotypic ratio is 3 : 1
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What conditions are required for enzymes to work?
For enzymes to function, there are three requirements.
1. Temperature: Enzymes denature beyond their optimal temperature; below it, they remain inactive.
2. pH: Enzymes work best at their ideal pH. Enzyme denaturation results from ionization of ions occurring at the active site above the optimal level.
3. Focus on the substrate Because there is less substrate bound to the active site of the enzyme at low substrate concentrations, the reaction proceeds slowly. After there is a high concentration of the substrate, the reaction's rate increases and stabilizes when all of the enzymes have been completely bound to the substrate and no more enzyme-substrate complexes are forming.
In the mild conditions of the cells' temperature, pH, and pressure, enzymes work as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions. They stand out for their exceptional specificity and efficacy. The things that enzymes operate on are called substrates. The name of the substrate that an enzyme modifies (such as urease and tyrosinase) or the sort of reaction it catalyzes is followed by the suffix -ase to name an enzyme (dehydrogenase, decarboxylase). Some have illogical names (pepsin and trypsin). Each enzyme is given a name and a number by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology to identify it.
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the sites from which the spindle fibers form, separate to opposite poles during_______
The sites from which the spindle fibers form, separate to opposite poles during anaphase.
After metaphase, after dna is replicated are divided and the new self chromosomes are transferred to opposing poles of the cell, there occurs a phase of mitosis called anaphase. Every daughter cell obtains an equivalent set of chromosomes thanks to anaphase.
A protein structure called a spindle fibre divides a cell's genetic material. Both mitosis and meiosis, two kinds of nuclear division, require the spindle to divide the chromosomes in a mother cell into two daughter cells in an equal number. The spindle fibres are known as the mitotic spindle during mitosis.
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What are some examples of endothermic and exothermic reactions that you can see in your everyday life?
please use your own examples guys
Answer:Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions that absorb heat from their surroundings. Examples include:
Dissolving an effervescent tablet in water (releasing carbon dioxide gas)
Photosynthesis in plants
Melting of ice
Exothermic reactions are chemical reactions that release heat into their surroundings. Examples include:
Combustion of fossil fuels (e.g. gasoline, coal)
Cooking food (e.g. baking, grilling)
Rusting of iron
Respiration in humans and animals
Chemical hand warmers that release heat when activated.
Explanation:
Malaria is a tropical, mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasitic protist, Plasmodium. The species P. falciparum is particularly deadly, killing about 1 million people each year. There has been considerable debate over the origin of this species. Use this recent phylogenetic evidence to determine if P. falciparum originated from another strain of Plasmodium in humans, in chimpanzees, or in gorillas. Explain your reasoning.
a. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in gorillas because P. falciparum shares a most recent common ancestor with Plasmodium in gorillas.
b. P. falciparum originated independently from all of these Plasmodium species.
c. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in chimpanzees because P. falciparum shares a most major common ancestor with Plasmodium in chimpanzees.
d. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in humans because P. falciparum has originally developed from the common strain of humans and from this strain developed all Plasmodium species, including P. falciparum.
The phylogenetic evidence to determine if P. falciparum originated from another strain of Plasmodium is option a. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in gorillas because P. falciparum shares a most recent common ancestor with Plasmodium in gorillas.
When a mosquito bites an individual who has malaria and then affects another individual who does not have the disease, the disease is disseminated. An infectious disease that affects the entire planet, malaria continues to be the greatest reason for mortality and morbidity in the impoverished countries.
The most dangerous P. falciparum infections are those that affect the central nervous system (cerebral malaria), have acute renal failure, or severe anaemia. Severe symptoms can also occur in other animals.
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How is gene linking an expectation of the law of independent assortment 
Answer:different genes and their alleles are inherited independently within sexually reproducing organisms. During meiosis, chromosomes are separated into multiple gametes. Genes linked on a chromosome can rearrange themselves through the process of crossing-over.
Explanation:During meiosis, chromosomes are separated into multiple gametes. Genes linked on a chromosome can rearrange themselves through the process of crossing-over.
need answer 15-29 thank you!!
Two types of cell division occur: Meiosis and Mitosis. Meiosis results in four genetically distinct daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.Potential evolutionary changes can occur more frequently due to the rapid rate of mutation and genetic variation.
What is Two types of cell division?This type of cell division is essential for sexual reproduction and the creation of sperm and egg cells.Mitosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis is important for the growth and repair of tissues and the maintenance of a constant number of chromosomes in a cell.In summary:Meiosis results in four genetically distinct daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.Potential evolutionary changes can occur more frequently due to the rapid rate of mutation and genetic variation. Evolution is the process of gradual change in species over time, driven by the accumulation of genetic changes. The frequency of potential evolutionary changes is influenced by the rate of mutation and the availability of genetic variation.When mutations occur more frequently, there is a greater likelihood that new genetic variations will arise, and when genetic variation is abundant, there is a greater chance that natural selection will act on these variations to drive evolutionary change. Thus, when the rate of mutation and genetic variation is high, the potential for evolutionary change is also high, leading to more frequent evolutionary changes.In summary: Potential evolutionary changes can occur more frequently due to the increased rate of mutation and genetic variation, leading to the possibility of new genetic variations and the influence of natural selection on these variations.To learn more about two type of cell refer:
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what is considered a dangerously low blood pressure
Hypotension is considered a dangerously low blood pressure.
Hypotension is indicated by a blood pressure measurement that is much lower than 90/60 mm Hg. If your blood pressure drops too low, you could end up fainting, feeling dizzy, or even death. In most cases, low blood pressure is not a condition that can be treated, with the exception of cases in which it arises in elderly patients.
A abrupt drop in blood pressure can be life-threatening. A shift of as little as 20 mm Hg, such as a reduction from 110 mm Hg systolic to 90 mm Hg systolic, can lead to nausea and faint. And significant decreases, such as those resulting from uncontrolled bleeding, serious infections, or allergic reactions, can be fatal.
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Which factor(s) can prevent permanent fixation of an allele (i.e. maintain genetic diversity)?
a. Genetic drift
b. Gene flow
c. Natural selection
d. Mutation
It is possible to prevent an allele from becoming permanently fixed by controlling gene flow and mutation factors (i.e. maintain genetic diversity).
Why is there no allele fixation?There are only two methods to make a fixed allele unfixed: either by accidental mutations that produce new alleles or through immigration.
How does allele fixation's genetic diversity work?If fixation frequency is low and fixation duration is brief, single alleles will slowly spread throughout a population, resulting in little genetic diversity. A population will often have more segregating alleles as a result of high fixation probability or long fixation durations, increasing genetic diversity.
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how do the descending limb of the loop of henle function with the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle, and the vasa recta to reabsorb na , cl- and water?
Because the descending region of the loop of Henle is extremely permeable to water and less permeable to ions, water is easily reabsorbed here while solutes are not.
Water is particularly permeable in the thin descending limb and is reabsorbed due to the existing concentration gradient in the medulla. While being fully impermeable to water, sodium, chloride, and potassium are readily reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb.
Simple squamous epithelium lines the slender limbs (descending and ascending). The thin descending loop is permeable to water (which is easily transported to the interstitium) but not to solutes. The thin ascending limb, on the other hand, is extremely permeable to sodium but impermeable to water.
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