Antibiotics are not effective in killing viruses because bacteria and fungi that produce antibiotics treat bacterial infections rather than viral ones. they are unable to eradicate viruses
Since viruses are so basic and depend on their host cells for survival, antibiotics are ineffectual in the fight against viral illnesses. Living things are killed by antibiotics because they break down their cell walls. There is no cell wall in the viruses. Because viruses rely on host cells for their operations, bacteria and fungi that produce antibiotics treat bacterial infections rather than viral ones. they are unable to eradicate viruses. They are acellular creatures, viruses. When they are not within a living cell, they have an inert crystalline structure. Viruses lack a cell wall and contain their genetic material in their protein coat. Because viruses cannot replicate themselves, they exploit the machinery of the host to create several copies of themselves. the healthy cells are reprogrammed while making many genome copies inside of them through infection.
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offspring that are genetically unique are the result of
Answer:
Crossing Over
Explanation:
In other words, sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically unique. They differ from both parents and also from each other. This occurs for a number of reasons. When homologous chromosomes form pairs during prophase I of meiosis I, crossing-over can occur.
Hope it helps and don't forget to rate-me down below and smash that brianliest button!Your Best,Edwinwhat happens if we change a variable in the GPE or KE formula?
According to the work-energy theorem, the network performed by forces acting on an item equals the change in kinetic energy.
What is KE and GPE?
KE is the kinetic energy and GPE is the gravitational potential energy. Gravitational potential energy can be converted into other energies.
Kinetic energy is one possible transformation of gravitational potential energy. Gravitational force will exert work on the mass equal to mgh if we let it go, increasing its kinetic energy by the same amount.
Therefore, according to the work-energy theorem, the net work performed by forces acting on an item equals the change in kinetic energy.
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which of the following statements about genetics is true? genes are proteins that produce dna. each dna molecule is a single strand of nucleotides. dna is made up of six different kinds of nucleotides. differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their dna.
Answer:
I think its D
Explanation:
3 QUESTIONS:
Which one will swing faster?
A- they will go the same speed
B- 1 is faster
C- 2 is faster
^picture^
How does increasing the mass effect the motion of the pendulum?
A- the heavier mass swings faster and further
B- the lighter mass swings faster and further
C- changing the mass does not effect the motion of the pendulum
What could you change to get the pendulum to slow down and eventually come to a stop?
A- gravity
B- friction
Answer:
C- energy transfer to the surroundings
Explanation:
I'm sorry, I only have information for the first question and didn't have the additional questions or images to answer. Can you please provide more context or clarification for the other questions?
When an organism having two different alleles for a particular gene?
Heterozygous is an organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene.
What is Heterozygous?Genes come in a variety of forms. Each variant is referred to as an allele. You inherit two alleles for each gene: one from your biological father and one from your biological mother. A genotype is the sum of these alleles.
You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions vary. Being heterozygous for hair color, for example, means you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair.
The interaction of the two alleles influences which qualities are expressed. It also determines which traits you are a carrier for.
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The endocrine system is related to nutrition through ?A)the transport of nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body. B)the regulation of the senses and control of intellectual functions. C)the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth. D)the production of enzymes that aid in digestion.
C)the effects of hormones on metabolism and growth. Through the effects of hormones on metabolism and development, the endocrine system is linked to nutrition.
Hormones generated by glands in the endocrine system govern nutrient metabolism and control the pace at which cells consume these resources for energy and development. Insulin, a hormone generated by the pancreas, for example, controls the absorption and use of glucose by cells. Growth hormone, which is generated by the pituitary gland, encourages cell and tissue growth. The endocrine system does not transfer nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body, as the circulatory and respiratory systems do. It also does not govern the senses or control cerebral activities, as the nervous system does. The endocrine system.
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the ulnohumeral joint belongs to which synovial joint structural category?
Movement between the ulna and humerus happens at the ulnohumeral joint. Of the three types of structural joints, synovial joints have the most range of motion.
The synovial joint in the ulna is what kind?The head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna to form the synovial joint known as the proximal radioulnar joint. The anular ligament holds the radial head firmly in place within the radial notch of the ulna.
What 4 different types of structural joints are there?Depending on the components of the joint and whether a cavity exists or not, the structural categorization classifies joints as being either bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
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our eyes continually scan the visual field because: group of answer choices our visual neurons respond to changing images duplexity theory of vision retinotopic organization of the primary visual cortex rhodopsin of the distribution between rods and cones
Our eyes continually scan the visual field because most visual neurons respond only to changing images and if retinal images are artificially stabilized i.e, kept from moving on the retina.
For most vertebrates and some molluscs, the retina is the innermost, most light-sensitive layer of tissue in the eye. The retina, which gets a focused, two-dimensional image of the world around us from the eye's optics, analyzes it, and then delivers nerve impulses that carry that processed image to the visual cortex via the optic nerve, is what gives us vision. The retina functions similarly to a camera's film or image sensor in many respects.
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Explain how natural selection produces changes In populations, and not individuals
Answer:
The thing is, natural selection works on a population over generations because individuals that do better in the environment (we would say they are favored by natural selection) tend to have more babies, causing changes in the gene pool. An individual is not a gene pool, it's simply a part of one.
Explanation:
Natural selection causes changes in populations because of the differential reproductive success of genetically varied individuals.
Explain why genetic diversity is important.
Genetic diversity is important as it introduces variations in a population and help the species to adapt to the changing environmental conditions.
What is Genetic diversity?
Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics which are present in the genetic makeup of a species. Genetic diversity ranges widely from the number of species to differences within the species and it can be attributed to the span of survival for the species.
Genetic diversity is important for a healthy population through maintaining the different varieties of genes which might be resistant to pests, diseases, or other conditions. Genetic diversity helps the species to adapt to the changing environment.
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a student analyzing dividing cells of a certain type under the microscope finds that each daughter cell produced contains half the number of chromosomes as its parent cell. given this, cells of this type would most likely contain all of the following except: a. peroxisomes. b. nuclear pore proteins. c. single-stranded genomes. d. microtubule
Option c is Correct. With the exception of single-stranded genomes, cells of this sort would most likely contain all of the following.
When dividing cells of a certain type are examined under a microscope, the student discovers that each daughter cell has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. Chemicals released into the PCM by intestinal epithelial cells stimulated the transcription of LEE genes. A cell's nucleus is a tiny, compact substance with a sphere shape.
It is frequently referred to as the "control center" since it manages all cellular functions, including cell division and heredity. The Western blot method is a crucial laboratory procedure for identifying proteins in blood or tissue samples. It aids in the identification of certain protein molecules in a complicated protein mixture.
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Kai looks at a photo of herself with her parents. She notices that, while her features re similar to her parents’ features, they do not appear to be identical.
Which explains why this is the case?
Their DNA is made up of different codon sequences, so while his features are similar to his parents' features, they don't look the same.
What is Gene expression?When it comes to gene expression, information from an organism's DNA sequence is first transcribed as a code into an mRNA, which is the coded information, then translated as a protein in a process known as protein synthesis.
Because of which for two organisms to be identical, their DNA information must be exactly the same. The codon sequence on their DNA must be identical. Once the variation occurs, different messages will be translated which will explain the variation on the physical form of the living beings.
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Select the correct answer.
Jeff is a forensic technician. He is analyzing a hair found at a crime scene. It is blond, but he is not certain if that is the hair's natural color. V
the hair will tell him its natural color?
OA.
cuticle
B. medulla
O C.
cortex
OD. follicle
Answer:
D .follicle
Explanation:
because those are the structure of the hairs
Answer: Follicle
Explanation:
I took the test (clever)
describe the evidence scientists discovered which demonstrate the evolution of whales from land-based mammals to water-based mammals
The evidence scientists discovered which demonstrate the evolution of whales from land-based mammals to water-based mammals are the fossil evidence; from land animals to swimming.
Numerous facts about a whale's structure and biology suggest that they are land animals. They have paddle-shaped flippers that house hand bones with five "fingers," breathe air, and nurse their young with their own milk. Whales have tiny back limbs as embryos, but these vanish before birth.
The femur bone, a remnant component still found in whales, lends credence to the idea that whales descended from land-dwelling mammals.
Like frozen fossils, inclusion fossils, imprint fossils, and petrified fossils. For instance, the basilosaurid whale's nasal hole reveals that it is an intermediary species between land mammals and contemporary whales.
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Which is an example of a structural adaptation?
Birds migrate during the winter to get food
Chipmunks collect and store food for winter
A bear hibernating during the winter
Frog long legs to jump quickly in a pond
A structural adaptation is the large legs of a frog that allows it to jump fast in a pond.
What is structural adaptation?Structural adaptations are changes to the way an animal's body operates or appears on the outside. Body components (such as feet and ears) and body coverings (such as fur and scales) are examples of structural adaptations. Blanding's Turtles and other turtle species have an obvious structural adaptation: their shells. A structural adaptation is one that is physically part of the organism. An adaptation can also be behavioral, influencing how an organism responds to its surroundings. Some plants have evolved to living in dry, scorching deserts as an example of structural adaptation.
Here,
A structural adaptation is a physical feature of an organism that aids in its survival and reproduction in its environment. A frog's long legs enable it to jump swiftly and evade predators, making it a structural adaptation for survival in its watery home.
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Answer:A structural adaptation is the large legs of a frog that allows it to jump fast in a pond.What is structural adaptation?Structural adaptations are changes to the way an animal's body operates or appears on the outside. Body components (such as feet and ears) and body coverings (such as fur and scales) are examples of structural adaptations. Blanding's Turtles and other turtle species have an obvious structural adaptation: their shells. A structural adaptation is one that is physically part of the organism. An adaptation can also be behavioral, influencing how an organism responds to its surroundings. Some plants have evolved to living in dry, scorching deserts as an example of structural adaptation.Here,A structural adaptation is a physical feature of an organism that aids in its survival and reproduction in its environment. A frog's long legs enable it to jump swiftly and evade predators, making it a structural adaptation for survival in its watery home.To know more about structural adaptation,
Explanation:
in addition to atp, what are the end products of glycolysis?
In addition to atp, NADH and pyruvate are the end products of glycolysis.
The metabolic process by which glucose (C6H12O6) is changed into pyruvate is known as glycolysis (CH3COCO2H). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are high-energy molecules that are formed using the free energy generated during this process (NADH). A series of 10 events known as glycolysis are facilitated by enzymes.
There is a metabolic process called glycolysis that doesn't need oxygen (In anaerobic conditions pyruvate is converted to lactic acid). Glycolysis is widely present in different species, indicating that it is an old metabolic mechanism. In fact, the events that make up glycolysis and its sister system, the pentose phosphate pathway, take place in the oxygen-free environment of the Archean oceans, metal catalyzing the reactions in place of enzymes.
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what is measured in the goldfish metabolism experiment as an indicator of metabolism? group of answer choices water temperature salinity of water co2 concentration ph of water oxygen concentration
d. oxygen concentration. The chamber in the goldfish metabolic study had a probe fastened to it. The probe was calculating the water's dissolved oxygen content.
The most effective technique for examining fish metabolism is respirometry. Respirometry basically entails placing a fish in an airtight container and monitoring the fish's oxygen consumption to estimate its metabolic rate. They are poikilothermic, which makes it simpler to control their metabolic rates because their body temperature varies with the ambient temperature. Students can use a computer-aided tool in the metabolism lab to build a hypothesis. The rate at which an animal transforms chemical energy into heat and work is known as its metabolic rate (consumes). It is the amount of energy used per unit of time.
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body systems hierarchy quick check 1 of 41 of 4 items question how is the function of the golgi bodies similar to the excretory system?(1 point)
The Golgi apparatus and the excretory system can be said to be similar in the sense that both are involved in the elimination of waste products from the cell or the body, respectively.
The Golgi apparatus is a cellular organelle responsible for processing and modifying proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and distributing them to their proper cellular locations or for export outside the cell.
The excretory system, is a set of organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and eliminating them from the body, thereby maintaining homeostasis.
The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins and lipids that are no longer needed by the cell, directing them towards degradation or elimination through the process of exocytosis. Similarly, the excretory system removes waste products from the blood and eliminates them from the body.
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mutation is mutation effective at causing evolutionary change? how is mutation important to the process of evolution, both by itself and in combination with other forces?
Mutation plays a very important role in bringing about evolution as it introduces variations in the DNA sequences.
Genetic mutations or just mutations are basically the changes which occur in the genetic sequence and they happen to be the main cause of diversity among different organisms. These changes occur at a lot of different levels, and hence they can have differing consequences.
These genetic mutations present in the individuals of a population bring about variations as they alter the genetic sequence. These mutations may not always be advantageous to survival and can cause diseases and even be lethal. These mutations get accumulated over time and bring about evolution.
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The hundreds of varied fruit fly species on the Hawaiian Islands arose through adaptive radiation. Which piece of evidence would best support this claim?A. The Hawaiian fruit fly species all physically resemble one another more than they do non-Hawaiian fruit flies.B. The Hawaiian fruit fly species are more closely related to each other genetically than they are to non-Hawaiian fruit flies.C. The Hawaiian fruit fly species all occupy similar ecological niches.D. The Hawaiian fruit fly species are radioactive.
The Hawaiian fruit fly species are more closely related to each other genetically than they are to non-Hawaiian fruit flies would support the claim that they arose through adaptive radiation. The correct option is B.
What is adaptive radiation?
Adaptive radiation occurs when a species evolves and diversifies rapidly over time in response to environmental pressures. This is seen in the Hawaiian fruit fly species, which have evolved rapidly over the last few million years in response to the diverse habitats and new food sources available on the Hawaiian islands. This has resulted in the formation of several distinct species, which are all more closely related to each other than they are to non-Hawaiian fruit flies.
Therefore, Hawaiian fruit fly species have evolved through adaptive radiation, a process in which a single species rapidly diversifies into multiple species in response to environmental pressures.
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Histone acetyl transferases exert their effect on gene activity by?
Histone acetyl transferases exert their effect on gene activity by neutralizing the positive charges on the lysine's of histones (therefore reducing the attraction forces and letting it unwind).
In order to create -N-acetyl lysine, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) transfer an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins. Histones are wrapped around DNA, which can be used to turn on and off genes by adding an acetyl group to the histones. Generally speaking, histone acetylation boosts gene expression. Histone acetylation is typically connected to transcriptional activity and connected to euchromatin. Because euchromatin is less compact, transcription factors can bind to DNA regulatory sites more quickly, activating transcription. When first found, it was believed that lysine's acetylation neutralized the positive charge ordinarily present, lowering the binding between histone and (negatively charged) DNA, making DNA more accessible to transcription factors.
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Chyme passes through the ______, a sphincter that connects the ileum with the ascending colon.
Chyme passes through the Ileocecal Valve, a sphincter that connects the ileum with the ascending colon.
The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle that connects the colon and ileum, the final section of the small intestine (first portion of your large intestine). Its job is to facilitate the passage of food particles that have been processed from your small intestine into your big intestine.
The ileocecal valve connects the cecum of the large intestine with the ileum of the small intestine. Its role is to maintain a regular flow of material into the large intestine and to stop material from returning to the small intestine.
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how many reading frames are possible if this molecule is translated in vitro? how many reading frames are possible if this molecule is translated in vivo, in which translation starts with the codon aug?
In vitro, there are 6 possible reading frames for this molecule: three forward frames (reading from the 5’ to the 3’ end) and three reverse frames (reading from the 3’ to the 5’ end).
In vivo, there is only 1 possible reading frame if translation starts with the codon AUG, as the ribosomes will always translate in the same direction, from the 5’ to the 3’ end.
The number of possible reading frames for a given molecule depends on the context in which it is being translated.
In vitro, there are 6 possible reading frames for a molecule, which includes three forward frames (reading from the 5’ to the 3’ end) and three reverse frames (reading from the 3’ to the 5’ end). In vivo, however, the number of possible reading frames is limited to one, as the ribosome always translates in the same direction, from the 5’ to the 3’ end, starting with the codon AUG.Thus, if translation starts with the codon AUG, then only one reading frame is possible in vivo.
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Polymers are formed by linking monomers together through _____ reactionscondensation
Polymers are formed by linking monomers together through _Dehydration synthesis, reactionscondensation
Covalent bonds are used to join the monomers together to create polymers, which are bigger molecules. Monomers produce water molecules as byproducts while they accomplish this. Dehydration synthesis, which literally translates as "to bring together while losing water," is the name of this kind of reaction.
A polymer is a substance or material made up of macromolecules, which are very big molecules made up of several repeating subunits. Both synthetic and natural polymers play significant and pervasive roles in daily life as a result of their wide range of features. From well-known synthetic plastics like polystyrene to natural biopolymers like DNA and proteins that are essential to biological structure and function, polymers come in many shapes and sizes. Numerous tiny molecules, or monomers, are polymerized to produce polymers, both natural and manufactured. They have unusual physical features such as toughness, high elasticity, viscoelasticity, and a propensity to form amorphous and semicrystalline structures rather than crystals due to their subsequently huge molecular mass in comparison to small molecule compounds.
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Maybe someone mentioned that their 30-year old nephew had a heart attack and you wondered how someone so young could have one. Maybe you were at the park and you saw a squirrel bury something. You may have heard on the news that certain parts of your city have higher air or water pollution than others. Maybe your dog or cat eats grass and you have no idea why, or maybe you wonder if sugar really does make you hyper. All of these are examples of how we start the scientific process every day. Think of five things that you have piqued your interest and list them below:
Based on the scientific process, five things that have piqued my interest are as follows:
Why are the leaves of most plants green in color?What happens when food is taken into the body?Why is the color of blood red?Why dp the heart continually beat?How do plants produce the oxygen that animals need?What is the scientific process?The scientific process or method refers to the process by which knowledge about tue natural world and natural phenomena is understood and explained.
The steps of the scientific process include:
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A woman has blood Type O, her baby has blood Type A: Is it possible that a man who has the blood Type AB could be the father? Show the Punnet Square and explain.
If a woman has blood Type O, and her baby has blood Type A, then it is possible that the father has the blood Type AB because the children inherited the A allele from the father and O allele from the mother.
What is the Punnet Square?The Punnet Square is a representation of the genetic cross which serves to estimate genotypes and phenotypes in offspring. In this case, the Punnet Square is:
A B
O AO BO
O. AO BO
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the Punnet Square can be sued to estimate the phenotype.
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What cells are streaming in Elodea?
Cytoplasmic streaming occurs in Elodea as this process optimizes the exposure of light on each chloroplast evenly, which can help in maximizing the efficiency of photosynthesis.
Cytoplasmic streaming which is also known as protoplasmic streaming or even cyclosis, plays a very important role in cell the processes as it promotes the movement of the fluid substance or the cytoplasm present within a cell.
It is seen in Elodea cells and this process is crucial as it is able to optimize the exposure of light on every single chloroplast in an even fashion which in turn increases the efficiency of photosynthesis.
--The given question is incorrect, the correct question is
"Why does cytoplasmic streaming occur in Elodea?"--
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which structure can perform all the activities required for life? which structure can perform all the activities required for life? cells nuclei dna molecules organelles
Cells are the basic unit of life and can perform all the activities required for life
The center component of the cell, the nucleus, is in charge of preserving DNA, which contains the genetic code for the cell.
The powerhouses of the cell, mitochondria are in charge of generating energy in the form of ATP. Within the cell, proteins and lipids are processed and transported via the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
In conclusion, the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi apparatus, among other organelles, work in concert to accomplish all the actions necessary for life in cells, which are the fundamental unit of life.
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small molecules diffuse through the cytosol very efficiently by doing which of the following? choose one: a. binding to larger molecules b. migrating along cytoskeletal microtubules c. forming noncovalent bonds with other molecules d. moving randomly, knocked around by colliding with other molecules e. taking the shortest path from one location to another
Small molecules diffuse through the cytosol very efficiently by doing migrating along cytoskeletal microtubules.
Eukaryotic cells have shape and structure thanks to microtubules, which are tubulin polymers that are a component of the cytoskeleton. Microtubules can be up to 50 micrometres long, 23 to 27 nm broad, and have an inner diameter of 11 to 15 nm. They are created when the dimer of the two globular proteins alpha and beta tubulin polymerizes into protofilaments, which can subsequently connect laterally to form the microtubule, a hollow tube. The most prevalent kind of microtubule has 13 protofilaments arranged in a tubular configuration. One of the liquids present inside cells (intracellular fluid, or ICF) is the cytosol, often referred to as the cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm. Membranes split it into sections for storage. The mitochondrial matrix, for instance, divides the mitochondrion into several compartments.
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a plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is?
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is fibrinogen. During the coagulation cascade, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. Fibrin forms cross-linked chains in the blood clot.
All vertebrates' blood contains fibrinogen (factor I), a glycoprotein complex that is made in the liver. It is transformed enzymatically by thrombin to fibrin during tissue and vascular injury, and from there to a fibrin-based blood clot. In order to stop bleeding, fibrin clots predominantly occlude blood arteries. Additionally, fibrin binds to thrombin and inhibits its activity. This process, also known as antithrombin I, prevents blood from clotting. Fibrin also facilitates capillary tube development, angiogenesis, tissue fibroblast proliferation, blood platelet and endothelial cell spreading, and tissue fibroblast proliferation, which aids in revascularization and wound healing.
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