Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are characterized by hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
What is hyperpolarization?A cell's membrane potential might become more negatively charged during hyperpolarization. Depolarization is the opposite of this. The stimulus needed to raise the membrane potential to the action potential threshold is increased, which suppresses action potentials.
In neurons, the cell experiences hyperpolarization right after an action potential is generated. The neuron enters a refractory phase while hyperpolarized, lasting around 2 milliseconds, during which the neuron is unable to produce further action potentials. K+ and Na+ ions are redistributed by sodium-potassium ATPases until the membrane potential returns to its resting potential, which is somewhere about -70 millivolts, at which time the neuron is once more prepared to transmit another action potential.
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Which of the surface antigens related to blood type would be found on the red blood cells of an individual with the iaib genotype? multiple choice question.
In this case, each red blood cell would carry both surface antigen A and surface antigen B.
What is blood grouping?Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are contained in a fluid called plasma, which is the blood. Antibodies and antigens found in the blood help identify your blood type.
Plasma contains proteins called antibodies. They are a component of your body's built-in defenses. They identify alien objects, like bacteria, and notify your immune system, which then eliminates them.
Protein molecules called antigens can be detected on the outer layer of red blood cells.
The ABO system distinguishes 4 major blood types:
Blood group A - Red blood cell antigens have anti-B antibodies in their plasma.Blood group B- B antigens and anti-A antibodies are present in this blood type.Blood type O - contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma but no antigens.Blood group AB – they have both A and B antigens but lack antibodiesTherefore, in this case, both surface antigen A and surface antigen B.
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When a person is in a state of fear, the hormone epinephrine is released. This stimulates the activation of energy-generating catabolic pathways in order to provide the body with energy for a response to danger. How would that be helpful to a person who encounters a lion?.
A person who comes into contact with a lion will benefit from the secretion of the hormone epinephrine since it will enhance blood flow to the muscles, giving them greater energy to get away from the threat and into safety.
A component of such a body's endocrine system seems to be the adrenal gland.
The adrenal cortex as well as the adrenal medulla are its two component sections.
Adrenaline/epinephrine as well as noradrenaline/norepinephrine are the 2 kind of hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla.
Such hormones are known as emergency hormones or we can also say hormones of Flight or Fight because they are secreted in reaction to just about any stressful circumstance and during emergencies.
The body is impacted by these hormones in the ways listed below:-
They sharpen the mind.
They speed up breathing as well as the heart's rate of beat and force of contraction.
They also promote the stimulation of catabolic processes, which produce energy.
The impacts listed above make it easier for someone to get out of a stressful situation.
As a result, the production of a hormone epinephrine would be beneficial to a person who comes into contact with a lion since it will result in an increase in blood flow and the delivery of greater energy towards the body's muscles, allowing the person to flee the area of danger and reach safety.
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A biological model of living systems as whole entities which maintain themselves through continuous input and output from the environment, developed by ludwig von bertalanffy is known as?
A biological model of living systems as whole entities which maintain themselves through continuous input and output from the environment, developed by ludwig von bertalanffy is known as General system theory.
Biological model of living system is defined as open and self organizing life forms which are continuously interacting with the environment. These systems maintain the flow of information, energy and matter.
General system theory of biological model of living system was proposed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1968. The theory relates to finding a general theory that can explain all the systems in the field of study.
It is an interdisciplinary practice to describe the systems with interacting components, which can be applied to biology, and other field as well.
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Turning up the temperature setting in a room that feels cold and causes a heater to turn on, is an example of the principle of?
Turning up the temperature setting in a room that feels cold and causing a heater to turn on, is an example of the principle of negative feedback.
What is Negative feedback?Negative feedback may be defined as a self-regulatory process that involves the partial or complete inhibition of the substance that activates it. In a more simple sense, when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction.
The regulation of activation of a heater with respect to the reduction in the temperature of the room demonstrates an example of a negative feedback loop.
This is because the reduction in the temperature stimulates the function of the heater which later increases the temperature of the room.
Therefore, a negative feedback loop is an example of turning up the temperature setting in a room that feels cold and causing a heater to turn on.
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Which situation does not result in files being permanently deleted from the recycle bin?
The answer to the question is You open the Recycle Bin and select files.
What is a Recycle Bin?A folder or directory in Windows called the Recycle Bin is where deleted objects are momentarily retained. The Recycle Bin receives deleted files instead of permanently erasing them from the hard disk, unless they are too huge. You can put the files in the Recycle Bin back if incase you want them back. When placed in the recycle bin, they cannot be used immediately.
Since Windows 95, all versions of Windows have included the Recycle Bin.
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1
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Mark's dentist gives him a shot before performing a root canal. The dentist says the shot is anesthesia and that Mark won't feel any pain. Mark
feels his gums going numb, while the rest of his body is working fine. What has the anesthesia actually done?
The anesthesia has blocked
from carrying signals t
Answer:
doesn't have to be your friend
1. Your classmate has asked you to be their partner in the lab. You are taking notes while your partner tells you what they see. Your assignment is to check off as many parts of the cell as possible to indicate that you have found them. Your partner says, "I see something that looks like sheets or discs layered on top of one another with little bumps all over it." Which of the following do you check off?
A. rough Endoplasmic reticulum
B smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
C ribosomes
2. cellular metabolism involves many types of chemical reactions that occur in a ____ sequence.
A specific
B random
3. _______ mechanisms allow for the cell to control which larger molecules move into and out of the cytoplasm.
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. active transport
The answers include the following:
Sheets or discs layered on top of one another with little bumps all over it means it is a rough endoplasmic reticulum and is denoted as option A. Cellular metabolism involves many types of chemical reactions that occur in a specific sequence and is denoted as option A.Active transport mechanisms allow for the cell to control which larger molecules move into and out of the cytoplasm and is denoted as option C.What is Cellular metabolism?This refers to the series of reactions which takes place in cells of organisms to ensure biological functions are fulfilled.
Most reaction which takes place are enzyme catalyzed which are specific in action and there is also random reactions but it rarely takes place.
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What protein plays an important role in determining cell shape by directing cell wall synthesis in non-cocci bacteria?
MreB protein plays an important role in determining cell shape by directing cell wall synthesis in non-cocci bacteria.
What is bacteria?The majority of bacteria are free-living, omnipresent organisms that frequently just have one biological cell. They make up a sizable group of prokaryotic microorganisms. Bacteria, which are among the earliest life forms to exist on Earth and are typically a few micrometers in length, are found in most of its environments. The deep biosphere of the Earth's crust, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and soil all support bacterial life. By recycling nutrients, such as fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere, bacteria play an important role in many stages of the nutrition cycle.
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Approximately what percent of the sunlight striking the earth is actually captured by the biosphere on any given day? brainloy
About 71% of the sunlight that reaches the Earth is absorbed by the surface of the earth and atmosphere.
What is light energy?The capacity to make different forms of light visible to human sight makes light energy a sort of kinetic energy. Light is referred to as electromagnetic radiation that is produced by hot things like the sun, lasers, and lightbulbs.
Photons, which are tiny energy packets, are present in light. Photons are created when the atoms of an item undergo a heating process; this is how photons are created. The heat excites the electrons, which leads to their producing more energy. A photon is produced when the energy is released, and as the substance heats up, more photons are produced.
Therefore, 71% of the sunlight that reaches the Earth is absorbed by the surface of the earth and atmosphere.
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invisible living creatures were thought to exist and cause disease long before they were ever observed.
invisible living creatures were thought to exist and cause disease long before they were ever observed. True
Microbes are the invisible living creatures that were thought to cause diseases long before they existed. They are so small that they are not visible with the normal eyes.
Even before the discovery of the microbes their presence was speculated in ancient times, prove of which exist in the jain literature.
Microorganisms are moslty unicellular organism, which can live in a very diverse condition including all archaea, bacteria and few eukaryotes as well.
They are considered to be the most primitive organism that must have existed after the formation of earth.
They effect our life in both positive and negative manner.
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Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture. one of the most highly artificially selected crop plants is:_______
Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture. One of the most highly artificially selected crop plants is corn.
Numerous branches of biology provide proof of evolution: Anatomy. Because a physical characteristic was present in a common ancestor, species may have similar physical characteristics (homologous structures). the study of molecules. The genetic code and DNA show how life has a common ancestor.The farmers kept the kernels from plants that had desirable traits and planted them for the harvest the following season. Artificial selection or selective breeding are terms used to describe this technique. Over time, maize cobs grew bigger and had more rows of kernels, finally taking on the shape of modern maize.Corn is one of the crops that has undergone the most artificial selection.To learn more about evolution.
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The cftr receptor moves chloride ions out of a cell by active transport. this is an example of?
This is an example of a reaction requiring the input of energy (ATP). CFTR belongs to a vast superfamily of ATP binding cassette transporters that have two nucleotide binding domains with unique sequences or "motifs." Unlike most other ATP binding cassette transporters, CFTR uses ATP to actively transport diverse substrates.
When food molecules are broken down, ATP Adenosine creates chemical energy and uses it to fuel other cellular processes. In the mitochondria of a cell, the process of cellular respiration also results in the production of ATP. Anaerobic respiration, which doesn't require oxygen, or aerobic respiration, which does, are both options for doing CFTR.
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Classify the characteristics as being unique to prokaryotic cells, common to both cell types, or unique to eukaryotic cells.
The number one difference among those sorts of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-certain nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. The nucleus is wherein eukaryotes save their genetic information.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus surrounded with the aid of using a complicated nuclear membrane and typically have a single, round chromosome positioned in a nucleoid.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded with the aid of using a complicated nuclear membrane that includes multiple, rod-fashioned chromosomes.DNA is loosely contained with inside the nucleoid region, eukaryotic cells own a nucleus, that's surrounded through a complicated nuclear membrane that homes the DNA genome.
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H.m.'s main problem is that he cannot form new _________________ long-term memories.
H.m.'s main problem is that he cannot form new explicit long-term memories. Explicit memory is a type of long-term memory dealing with the recall of facts and experiences. Explicit memory necessitates intentional recall of information. Declarative memory is concerned with the processing of names, dates, places, facts, events, and so on.
These are entities that are assumed to be symbolically encoded and hence may be described with words. Declarative memory, in terms of function, is optimized for rapid processing and learning. Long-term memory that does not require conscious retrieval is known as Explicit memory. Implicit memory is classified into numerous categories, including procedural memory, priming, and conditioning.
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Answer:
explicit is the correct answer.
Explanation:
During the fasting state, the energy stores of the ________ become the major source of glucose for the whole body.
Answer:liver
Explanation:the glycogen is stored in the liver that is used during the fasting stage.
During the fasting state, the energy stores of the glycogen in liver become the major source of glucose for the whole body.
Where is glucose stored in the body?Glycogen, the human body's multibranched polysaccharide of glucose, is where most of the glucose is stored, primarily in the liver and skeletal muscle.
The liver secretes glucose during fasting by breaking down glycogen and creating glucose. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the primary source of endogenous glucose production during prolonged fasting.
Through gluconeogenesis, the liver supplies the body with glucose when it is starved: generating glucose from amino acids and lactate.
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Three types of formed elements found in blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and?
The three types of formed elements found in the blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes (platelets).
Blood is made up of a watery liquid portion and formed elements. The watery liquid portion is called plasma and the formed elements are cell and cell fragments suspended in the plasma. The three formed elements are erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets).
ErythrocytesThe most numerous of the three formed elements are the red blood cells or the erythrocytes. Their primary function is to transport oxygen throughout the body and to an extent, carbon dioxide. They are coloured red due to a certain protein they contain called haemoglobin.
LeukocytesThe white blood cells or leucocytes are much fewer than the red blood cells and help to protect the body against foreign entities like bacteria, viruses and tumours.
ThrombocytesThrombocytes or platelets are not really complete cells. Instead, they are fragments from large cells called megakaryocytes. Immediately after an injury, the platelets become sticky and clump together, forming a plug to prevent excess bleeding and promote recovery.
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What is the primarily determines the speed of muscle fiber contraction?
a. amount of actin and myosin
b. amount of actin atpase
c. diameter of the muscle fiber
d. speed of myosin atpase
The speed of muscle fiber contraction is primarily determine by the speed of myosin ATPase; option D.
What determines the speed of muscle fiber contraction?Muscle fiber contraction occurs when a single muscle fiber or group of fibers on receiving a signal from the the brain through the nerves begins to contract and increase the tension within the muscle.
The components of a muscle fiber contraction include:
actin filamentsmyosinmyosin ATPase - an enzyme that determines the speed of contractionIn conclusion, effective muscle fiber contraction involves the coordinated activity of all the muscle contraction components.
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The antibiotic erythromycin binds with the 50s portion of a ribosome. what effect does this have on a) a prokaryotic cell b) a eukaryotic cell?
Erythromycin inhibits the translation in Prokaryotes (Bacteria) but does not affect the Eukaryotes.
Near the location where chloramphenicol binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, erythromycin binds. It stops peptidyl-tRNA from moving from site A to site P in the ribosome.
Erythromycin- A topical macrolide antibiotic having broad-spectrum antibacterial action. The 50S component of the bacterial ribosome is reversibly bound by erythromycin, which diffuses across the membrane of the bacterial cell results in bacterial protein inhibition.
Translation- The method by which a cell uses the genetic data conveyed in messenger RNA to produce proteins (mRNA). The information included in the mRNA, which is created by replicating DNA, instructs the cell on how to assemble proteins from amino acids.
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Some proteins do indeed need assistance during the folding process. the general term used for the proteins that help other proteins fold is:______.
Some proteins do indeed need assistance during the folding process. the general term used for the proteins that help other proteins fold is Chaperones.
What are Chaperones?Chaperones are proteins that help big proteins or macromolecular protein complexes fold or unfold conformationally. There are different groups of molecular chaperones, all of which have the same purpose: to help big proteins fold properly during or after synthesis as well as following partial denaturation. Protein translocation for proteolysis involves chaperones as well. The bulk of molecular chaperones aid in protein folding by binding to and stabilizing folding intermediates up until the polypeptide chain is entirely translated, rather than providing any steric information for protein folding. Based on their target proteins and location, chaperones have different unique modes of operation.Learn more about the Protein folding with the help of the given link:
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During a mugging, a person experiences an extreme level of fear. what portion of the limbic system is responsible for this and other emotional states?
Amygdala. The word "amygdala" relates to the structure's almond-like form. The left and right amygdalae, which are situated immediately adjacent to the hippocampus, are crucial to how we react emotionally, including how we feel pleasure, fear, anxiety, and rage.
Which limbic system component affects aggression?The limbic system's hyperactivity in reaction to unpleasant or provocative stimuli, particularly those that cause anger, including brain regions like the amygdala, is the other significant dysfunction linked to impulsive aggressiveness and violence.
Although there is considerable disagreement among scientists over which structures belong to the limbic system, the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus are all universally recognised as three of them.
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is?
Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is Fast glycolytic fibres.
Skeletal muscle fibers are the muscle fibres that are responsible voluntary movement of the body.
There are three types of skeletal muscles slow twitch oxidative, fast twitch oxidative and fast twitch glycolytic.
slow twitch support support the long distance endurance activities like marathon running. Fast twitch muscle support quick , powerful movements such as sprinting or weightlifting.
Fast twitch glycolytic fibres are fast twitch muscle which are converted via endurance training. They are larger in diameter and have more mitochondria and blood supply.
It is the most powerful type of the skeletal muscle fibres
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The study of diseases of the urinary system is ____logy; the word part you chose is a _________. group of answer choices
The study of diseases of the urinary system is urology; the word part you chose is a combining form.
What are typical urological issues?Urologists, sometimes referred to as urological surgeons, handle issues with the male and female genitourinary tracts. They identify and manage diseases of the prostate, bladder, kidneys, ureters, and male reproductive systems. Urinary tract infections, kidney stones, issues with bladder control, and prostate issues are just a few examples of urologic disorders or ailments.
Urinary tract malignancies, incontinence (inability to control urine flow), interstitial cystitis, kidney stones, renal failure, and urinary tract infections are a few examples of urinary diseases.
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Which group is incorrect? hormones of the anterior pituitary glad: acth, prolaction, tsh, oxytocin
Oxytocin - This is controlled by the posterior pituitary.
What is anterior pituitary gland ?Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland control a variety of bodily functions, including growth and reproduction. Released hormones from the hypothalamus stimulate and inhibit the release of anterior pituitary hormones, respectively. Somatotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs, lactotrophs, and corticotrophs are five different types of anterior pituitary cells that secrete seven different hormones. hGH, also known as GH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL, ACTH, and MSH, are the seven hormones.
Human growth hormone (hGH), often known as (GH). The thyroid-stimulating hormone is secreted by the thyrotrophs (TSH). The gonadotrophs secrete two: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (LH). Prolactin is secreted by the lactotrophs (PRL). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Melanocyte-stimulating hormone are two hormones secreted by the corticotrophs (MSH).Learn more about Anterior pituitary gland here:
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Classify the descriptions as pertaining to nucleosides, nucleotides, or both nucleosides and nucleotides.
Nucleosides - Do not contain a phosphate group, and are the product when a base bonds at C1 of ribose or deoxyribose
Nucleotides - Contain a base, a monosaccharide, and a phosphate group, are the monomers of nucleic acids, and can be named deoxyguanosine 5'- monophosphate
Nucleosides and Nucleotides - Are found in RNA and DNA, contain a base and a monosaccharide, and may contain either ribose or deoxyribose
What is nucleosides and nucleotides ?A nitrogenous base, typically a purine or pyrimidine, and the five-carbon sugar ribose are what make up nucleosides (bottom). A polynucleotide containing the carbohydrate ribose is referred to as a ribonucleotide or RNA. A nucleotide is simply a nucleoside with an additional phosphate group or groups (blue).
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Where is the centromere located on the chromosome, and what is its role?
Select one:
a.
It is exactly at the center and it is responsible for making the q-arm longer than the p-arm.
b.
It is not exactly at the center, and it always makes the p-arm longer than the q-arm.
c.
It is exactly at the center, and it attaches to spindle fibers during cell division.
d.
It is not exactly at center, and it attaches to spindle fibers during cell division.
Answer:
not to be special
Explanation:
not being special is going to give u many cool things like having a normally hard drive
Which organelle is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol?
Peroxisomes is a type of organelle that is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol.
What are peroxisomes?Peroxisomes are small membrane-enclosed organelles which contain specific type of enzymes that is involved in various metabolic reactions, such as several type of energy metabolism. Peroxisomes perform important functions such as lipid metabolism and detoxification of chemicals inside the cell. They also carry out oxidation reactions that is responsible for the break down of fatty acids and amino acids. It is also responsible for the detoxification of alcohol. Peroxisomes also play a vital role in the oxidation of particular biomolecules.
So we can conclude that Peroxisomes is a type of organelle that is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol.
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An increase in the permeability of the cells in the wall of the collecting duct to water is due to:_____
increase in the production of ADH
An increase in the permeability of the cells in the wall of the collecting duct to water is due to an increase in the production of ADH.
What exactly is ADH, and what does it do?The brain releases a substance called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which makes the kidneys release less water and reduces the volume of urine generated. The body makes less pee when its ADH level is high.How can ADH improve the collecting ducts' water permeability? Water can diffuse across the plasma membrane thanks to aquaporins. Aquaporin 2 localizes to storage vesicles in the cytoplasm of collecting duct epithelial cells when ADH is not present.Why is water unable to pass through the collecting duct?Without antidiuretic hormone, the collecting ducts, in especially the outer medullary and cortical collecting ducts, are largely impervious to water (ADH, or vasopressin). ADH prevents water in the renal filtrate from entering the urine, which encourages diuresis.
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The largest mass of living material on earth comes from the largest mass of living material on earth comes from:_________
a. microorganisms.
b. plants and animals together.
c. plants.
d. animals
The largest mass of living material on earth comes from the largest mass of living material on earth comes from microorganisms
What are microorganisms ?A living thing that can only be observed under a microscope. Protozoa, algae, fungus, and bacteria are all examples of microorganisms. Viruses are occasionally categorised as microbes even though they are not thought of as living things.
There are seven different categories of microorganisms: multicellular animal parasites, bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, and viruses ( helminths ).For instance, each human body contains 10 bacteria for every human cell, and these microbes support immune system development, aid in digestion, make vitamin K, and detoxify toxic substances. Of course, bacteria are necessary for the production of many of the items we eat, like bread, cheese, and wine.Learn more about Microorganisms here:
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Please select characteristics exhibited by prokaryotes to test your understanding of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
The answer to the question is-
DNA, Ribosomes, Cell wall.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?Eukaryotic cells have a more complicated cell structure than prokaryotic cells do. They are made up of a cell wall, a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA (in the form of chromosomes, nuclei, and plasmids), and occasionally a flagellum for motility.
Any of these structures (cell walls with various biochemical compositions) may be present in eukaryotic cells, which also have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm.
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Can sugar water can bend light?
Please explain the reason why the light behaved that way.