For a given material, would you expect the surface energy to be greater than the grain boundary energy.
Because the bonds between the atoms at the surface are considerably weaker than those at the grain boundary, surface energy is higher than grain boundary energy. Additionally, the quantity of bonds formed directly according to the energy.
In other simple words, atoms on the surface also have more rigid boundaries than atoms at the grain boundary. As is well known, the energy surface rises when there are no connections between the atoms. As a result, the surface energy vastly exceeds boundary energy.
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How does the theory of plate tectonics explain the observed properties of the surface and interior structures of the earth?
The widely recognized scientific hypothesis known as plate tectonics postulates that the Earth's lithosphere is made up of many sizable tectonic plates that have been steadily moving for around 3.4 billion years.
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Our supply of fossil fuels, such as petroleum and natural gas, is effectively unlimited as technology develops to extract more of it.
a. true
b. false
The answer is false.
The statement that our supply of fossil fuels, such as petroleum and natural gas, is effectively unlimited as technology develops to extract more of it, is false.
Why is the aforementioned statement false?Fossil fuels or the energy resources extracted from fossils such as oil, coal and natural gas, are non - renewable resources. These resources were formed when prehistoric plants and animals died and as time passed, gradually they were buried by layers of rock and soil.
These are available in limited amounts and even if technology is developed to extract more of it, one day the Earth's reserves of the fossil fuels will come to an end. These reserves are already being exploited by human activities and cannot be replenished fast enough to fill the increasing gap.
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Volcanoes can form from the following processes:
a. hot spots
b. subduction
c. divergence
d. transform boundaries
Volcanoes can form from the subduction processes.
On land, volcanoes form when one tectonic plate moves under another. Normally, thin and heavy oceanic plates subduct or move beneath thicker tectonic plates. The oceanic plate submerges in the mantle. First, place an empty plastic bottle on a pile of sand. Volcanoes can form along plate boundaries.
Volcanoes erupt when rock melts from the mantle, moves through the crust to the surface, and releases trapped gases. Extremely high temperatures and pressures melt rocks, turning them into liquid rocks and magma. As large masses of magma form, they rise to the surface through denser layers of rock.
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12. Visit the Incan city of Machu Picchu in
this country, located at 10'S, 75 W.
Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan citadel located approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) south of Cusco, Peru. When the American explorer Hiram Bingham III first visited the settlement's ruins in 1911 and brought them to the world's attention, they were little known — even among Cusco residents.
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located on a 2,430-meter (7,970 ft) mountain ridge in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru. [2] [3] It's in the Machu picchu District of Urubamba Province, above the Sacred Valley, about 80 kilometers (50 miles) northwest of Cusco. The Urubamba River flows past it, carving a canyon through the Cordillera and creating a tropical mountain climate. According to studies, the majority of the people who lived there were immigrants from various backgrounds. They lacked the chemical and osteological markers that would have been present if they had lived there their entire lives. Instead, bone damage was caused by various species of water parasites native to different regions of Peru. There were also varying osteological stressors and chemical densities, implying that the long-term diets of specific regions were spaced apart.
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Describe and explain the three reasons glaciers flow. please use complete sentences and proper grammar.
The bedrock has a slope, which causes the glacier to move downward as the first cause of glacial movement. Second, since ice crystals must bend to flow downward, the glacier's ice sheets help it do so. Ice sheets are created when ice crystals deform. Thirdly, the flow of melted water beneath the glacier is what causes it to move.
Why does Glacier flow occur?The weight and creep characteristics of ice have a straightforward effect on glacier flow. When ice is subjected to shear stress over time, it will creep, or plastically deform. Under constant shear stress, the rate of plastic deformation starts out quickly before tapering off to a constant amount.
A curved graph will be produced if this stable value, the shear-strain rate, is plotted against the stress for a wide range of applied stress values. The chart demonstrates the shear strain rate's near proportionality to the shear stress cube, which is the flow law or fundamental law of ice.
All assessments of the movement of ice sheets and glaciers are built around this fundamental law, which glaciologists frequently refer to as the Glen flow law.
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How does the sediment in glacial till compare to the sediment being transported by the braided streams draining away from the terminus?
The main types of sediment in a glacial environment are described below. Supraglacial (on top of the ice) and englacial (within the ice) sediments that slide off the melting front of a stationary glacier can form a ridge of unsorted sediments called an end moraine. The end moraine that represents the farthest advance of the glacier is a terminal moraine. Sediments transported and deposited by glacial ice are known as till.
The sediment in glacial till compare to the sediment being transported by the braided streams draining away from the terminus as one is unsorted and stratified.
What is sediment?Rocks however little as small dirt particles and bigger ones that seem to be moved by the water are called sediment. Quick water can get, suspend, and move bigger particles more effectively than sluggish waters.
The Glacier sediment that is present is usually unsorted as well as unstratified. But when it comes to steam deposits these are the ones that are stratified and most certified this can be because of the draining and the flow of water that is present at that point in time. Also how the particles are moving is also a key factor in determining the sediments and the way that they are.
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In general, what are the himalayan mountains composed of:____.
A. folded and bent rock
B. extrusive volcanic rock
C. faulted and broken rock
D. folded and faulted rock
In general, what are the himalayan mountains composed of: folded and bent rock.
The geology of the Himalayas is a record of the most dramatic and visible creations of the immense mountain range formed by plate tectonic forces and sculpted by weathering and erosion.The Himalayas, which stretch over 2400 km between the Namcha Barwa syntaxis at the eastern end of the mountain range and the Nanga Parbat syntaxis at the western end, are the result of an ongoing orogeny — the collision of the continental crust of two tectonic plates, namely, the Indian Plate thrusting into the Eurasian Plate.The Himalaya-Tibet region supplies fresh water for more than one-fifth of the world population, and accounts for a quarter of the global sedimentary budget.to know more about weathering click here
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Please help due soon.
How much more energy does a magnitude 8.0 earthquake release than does a magnitude 7.0 earthquake?
An earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 releases 32 times more energy than an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0.
Magnitude is essentially a measurement of the overall energy released during an earthquake. How much and how far the rock moves determines how much energy is released. The amount of seismic energy released increases by around 32 times for every whole-number increase in magnitude.
While magnitude matters, the location of an earthquake's epicentre is crucial. The ones that affect the majority of people occur beneath or close to densely populated regions. Magnitude 7 and higher earthquakes have the potential to knock down large pieces of furniture and cause significant damage to common buildings.
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Persons traveling to the western hemisphere across the international date line must?
Persons traveling to the western hemisphere across the international date line must turn the calendar ahead one day.
The calendar must be advanced one day for people crossing the international date line to the western hemisphere. The line separating one calendar day from the next is known as the International Date Line (IDL), and it runs between the South and North Poles on the surface of the Earth.
International date line travels through the Pacific Ocean, roughly tracing the 180° longitude line and deviating to go around several states and island chains. When travelling eastward across the date line, the date is shortened by one day (24 hours), but when travelling westward across the date line, the date is lengthened.
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The act of removing infested plant parts (fallen twigs, leaves, and fruit) from a landscape in an effort to prevent a buildup of a pest population is known as _______.
The act of removing infected plant parts (fallen twigs, leaves, and fruit) from a landscape in an effort to prevent a buildup of a pest population is known as Pruning.
What is Pruning?Pruning is a horticultural, arboricultural, and forestry technique that involves removing particular plant parts, like branches, buds, or roots, with care.The procedure entails selectively removing plant material from crop and landscape plants that is diseased, damaged, dead, ineffective, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted.Generally speaking, the easier it is for a woody plant to compartmentalize the incision and reduce the risk of pathogen penetration and decay, the smaller the branch that is cut. Therefore, it is preferable to prune young plants during their formative stages rather than removing big, awkwardly placed branches from adult plants.Deadwood removal, shape (by directing or limiting growth), enhancing or maintaining health, and lowering risk from falling branches are a few reasons why plants should be pruned.Learn more about pest population here:
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Why do lightning strikes have a low potential for catastrophe?
Lightning strikes have a low potential for catastrophe because typically, lightning doesn't have a significant impact on both persons and property.
What is Lightning?Lightning is a naturally occurring electrostatic discharge that arises from the temporary neutralization of two electrically charged regions, either in the atmosphere or with one on the ground. It results in the instantaneous release of an average of one gigajoule of energy.What is catastrophe?A catastrophe is a large-scale calamity with a profound impact on people's lives and which necessitates a huge investment of time, money, and resources in reaction and recovery.Disasterous weather conditions can include, among other things, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, and droughts. Scientific data implicates climate change as the main factor contributing to the increasing frequency of these extremely damaging and expensive catastrophes.Learn more about lightning here:
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Why are temperatures cooler in quito, ecuador, than in most other places located near the equator?.
Despite being close to the equator, Quito has a cooler climate due to its higher altitude. Higher latitude locations have a cool environment. This is because temperature drops as altitude rises.
Since Quito is so close to the equator, it is quite uncommon to get high pressure systems. Systems with extremely low pressure are likewise uncommon since pressure is steady.
Almost all of the western section, on both the plain and the coast, is impacted by a cool ocean current called the Humboldt current. This reduces the temperature a bit and makes the climate more arid. Andes crosses the center part and is therefore mostly cold depending on altitude.
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While flying over mountainous terrain you see clouds with extensive vertical development. what does this indicate?
Clouds with extensive vertical development seen while flying over mountainous terrains are caused due to an unstable air mass that is forced to ascend a slope of the mountain.
What are cumulus clouds?Cumulus clouds are the clouds that exhibit major vertical development, how, ever it has not yet converted into a thunderstorm. It is also called cumulus congestus or towering cumulus.
The term cumulus has been derived from the Latin word cumulo, which means heap or pile. These clouds have flat bases and are described as "puffy" in appearance. They may only be only 1000 meters above the ground and their tops have rounded towers. These clouds develop in an upward motion and can grow into a giant cumulonimbus, which is a thunderstorm cloud.
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Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the:_______
Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the continental slope.
A continental slope is what?The slope from the continental shelf's outer edge to the deep ocean floor is referred to as a continental slope. Submarine canyons cut the continental slope over various areas. The seaward boundary of the continental shelf is marked by the continental slope.How is the slope of the continent formed?The continental slopes serve as transient locations for sediment deposition throughout geologic time. Rivers may immediately deposit their sedimentary burden on them during times of low sea level. As the mass becomes unstable from the accumulation of sediments, it sloughs off to the lower slope and the continental rise.To learn more about continental slope visit:
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1. Which of the following is NOT an important energy source for Earth systems?
a)sun
b)gravity
c)nitrogen
d)convection
Answer:
C. nitrogen I think
Explanation:
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Abyssal plains are large, flat features that cover about ________ of the planet.
Abyssal plains are large, flat features that cover about one third of the planet.
What are Abyssal plains?The broad, flat, sediment-covered regions of the deep ocean floor are known as abyssal plains. They have a slope of less than one foot of height variation for every thousand feet of travel, making them the flattest, featureless places on Earth.When tectonic plates separate, magma rises and forms new crust, filling the space that was left between the plates. When sediments from the shoreline pass over the continental shelf, tumble down the continental slope, and deposit on top of the more recent oceanic crust, they create an abyssal plane.Learn more about Abyssal plains here:
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Two large plates moving away from the mid-atlantic ridge are the __________ and the _____________.
Two large plates moving away from the mid-atlantic ridge are the South American Plate and the African Plate. Hence, Option C is correct,
What are plates?The term plates are used to denote the layers that are present on the earth's crust. Basically, plates are the younger parts of the landmass on which the islands of the continents are located.
On trust, there are various tectonic plates Some of them are African plates, Antarctic plate, Australian plate Pacific plate, among many others.
The plates move away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where they are because of the South American and African plates.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
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The complete question has been attached in text form:
Two large plates moving away from the mid-atlantic ridge are the __________ and the _____________.
A)Australian Plate / Nazca Plate
B)Atlantic Plate / Antarctic Plate.
C) South American Plate / African Plate
Name the early-twentieth-century hypothesis that was at first rejected by geologists and the more comprehensive theory that later replaced it.
The idea of continental drift led to ideas of seafloor spreading, then the theory of plate tectonics was born.
Plate tectonics is the widely accepted scientific theory that the earth's lithosphere consists of several large, slow-moving tectonic plates that have existed for about 3.4 billion years. This model is based on the concept of continental drift, an idea that was developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics is generally accepted by geologists after confirming propagation.
The seafloor in the mid to late 1960s. Upper mantle), divided into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many small plates or "platelets". Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of plate boundary: convergent, divergent, or transformative. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain building, and sea trench digging occur along this plate boundary (or fault). The relative motion of the plates generally varies from 0 to 10 cm per year.
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