Flagella and cilia of eukaryotic cells require a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules to function properly.
What is the role of microtubules in cilia and flagella?The intracellular movement and positioning of membrane vesicles and organelles, the separation of chromosomes during mitosis, and the beating of cilia and flagella are all regulated by microtubules. The first microtubule motor proteins, kinesin and dynein, move along microtubules in opposite directions, kinesin moving toward the plus end and dynein moving toward the minus end. Many different eukaryotic cells move by means of cilia and flagella, which are plasma membrane projections based on microtubules. The flagella of many bacteria are prokaryotic, which means they differ greatly from the flagella of eukaryotes.Learn more about the Microtubules with the help of the given link:
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Glycolysis and the krebs cycle do not capture all of the potential energy in a glucose molecule because:________
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions.
A total of 2 ATP is produced during the glycolysis process, which converts glucose into pyruvate and energy (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). Phophorylation is made possible by the hydroxyl groups. Glucose 6-phosphate is the specific kind of glucose that is employed in glycolysis.
The Krebs cycle is correlated with glycolysis, which is the mechanism by which a six-carbon glucose molecule is divided into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. The cycle processes happen twice for every respired glucose molecule because two pyruvic acid molecules are created. Krebs Cycle: This aerobic activity happens inside the cell's mitochondria.
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What is the importance of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes with regard to antibiotic therapy?
Ribosomes are known as the site of protein synthesis. Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes.
What is Antibiotic therapy?Antibiotic therapy may be defined as a type of technique through which antimicrobial substances like penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, etc. are activated against bacteria.
Antibiotics such as tetracycline, erythromycin, and streptomycin can specifically target bacterial ribosomes & not harm the host's eukaryotic ribosomes. This is because eukaryotic genes are not highly susceptible to antibiotic substances.
Therefore, the importance of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes with regard to antibiotic therapy is described.
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Which method of achieving an erection is least likely to require the brain's involvement? group of answer choices
Tactile stimulation of the male reproductive organ method of achieving an erection is least likely to require the brain's involvement.
Tactile Stimulation- The senses of touch and texture are involved in tactile sensory activation. Children with tactile sensory difficulties, such as those who are autistic, may find it difficult to tolerate the sensations that are produced when they dress, groom themselves, or even chew food.
Why is tactile stimulation important?
Particularly in the early years of life, touch is essential for the growth and development of the brain. The brain does not expand to a normal size and the connections between neurons do not develop correctly without sufficient tactile input early in infancy.
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What are 2 observations that lamarck makes and what is the inference he makes based on these observations?
The main 2 observation which Lamarck made is:
1. Use and Disuse of Organ
2. Inheritance of Acquired Characters.
The Use and Disuse of Organ states that, only those character will last longer or pass on to next generation which are getting in use day by day. And, the organ will vanish if it not in use. Like, Tail in Human.
Inheritance of Acquired Characters, a theory that suggests physiological changes that an organism acquires throughout the course of its existence might be passed on to children. It's often referred to as the theory of adaptation or Lamarckism, after French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution.
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Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the greatestc auses of death in the united states
a. true
b. false
Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the greatest causes of death in the united states. The given statement is true.
What is cardiovascular disease?
Cardiovascular disease is defined as disease related to heart such as high blood pressure, heart attack, and blockage in heart. Cancer is unwanted and unusual division of cell in the form of tumor which is known as cancer.
A circulatory system is defined as a system in the body that consists heart, blood vessels, arteries, veins and blood that all combined together to supply blood to all parts of body and takes up waste material from it.
Circulatory system have four major components and these are heart, veins, arteries, and blood. These are the four components that combined and form cardiovascular system.
Therefore, Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the greatest causes of death in the united states. The given statement is true.
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The hormone primarily responsible for contraction of the gallbladder and release of bile into the duodenum is?
The hormone primarily responsible for the contraction of the gallbladder and the release of bile into the duodenum is cholecystokinin.
Cholecystokinin also called pancreozymins is produced in the duodenum which is a part of the small intestine by the cells known as enteroendocrine cells and its secretion is stimulated by the introduction of fatty acids and amino acids. This hormone is involved in the process of digestion.
Cholecystokinin causes the contraction of the gallbladder which then releases bile and enzymes into the small intestine. Bile salts and other enzymes are involved in the breakdown of fats and proteins so that they can be absorbed in the small intestine. During the digestion process, this hormone also slows down gastric emptying and controls bowel motility.
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Through what process does each person learn socially appropriate ways of satisfying basic biological needs within the culture into which they were born?
Enculturation is the process by which a person learns socially appropriate ways of satisfying basic biological needs within the culture into which they were born.
For a person to live in a society, it is beneficial to learn the culture, social norms, and ethics of that society in order to merge into society.
We can define enculturation as the process through which a person learns the appropriate culture, ethics, and norms of a society in order to meet the requirements or basic biological needs of the society.
The process of enculturation can occur through learning from parents, and relatives or seeing and observing other people in a society. For people who keep on moving from one place to another, enculturation will be common in order to blend into each society.
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Which function of epithelial tissues is best suited to detecting changes in the environment?
Sensation function of epithelial tissues is best suited to detecting changes in the environment.
Describe the environment:The items, situations, or surroundings that one is in. the mixture of physical (temperature, soil, etc.) and biotic (life things) factors that influence an organism or ecological community and it ultimately determine its form and survival.
What three types of environments are there?The environment can also be divided into three categories based on its constituents
(1) The aquatic environment (marine, such as oceans and seas, and freshwaters, such as lakes and rivers),
(2) The terrestrial environment (land), and
(3) The atmospheric environment (air).
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Enzymes are originally produced outside of a cell, though they may catalyze reactions inside the cell.
Enzymes are originally produced outside of a cell, though they may catalyze inside the cell. Catabolism consists of energy-releasing decomposition reactions. Enzymes are proteins that aid in the speeding up of metabolism, or the chemical events that occur in our bodies. Some chemicals are created while others are destroyed. Enzymes are found in all living organisms.
Enzymes are naturally produced by our bodies. Amylase, maltase, lactase, lipase, sucrase, and proteases are among the digestive enzymes. Amylase: Amylase is a saliva enzyme that aids in the conversion of carbohydrates to sugars. metabolism: This enzyme is found in saliva and converts the sugar maltose to glucose.
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The na glucose symporter is an example of _____ transport, and it is found only on ______.
The na glucose symporter is an example of active transport, and it is found only on epithelial cells.
A transmembrane protein known as na glucose symporter is a sort of sodium-driven secondary active transport that occurs in the epithelial cells of the small intestine. The sodium-glucose symporter is found in the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The symporter binds to sodium and glucose, which are subsequently co-transported into the epithelial cells simultaneously. The sodium-driven glucose symporter utilizes the potential free energy stored in the sodium electrochemical gradient (low sodium concentration inside epithelial cells) generated by the Sodium-Keto pump. As a result, sodium influx from the lumen to the epithelial cell is connected to glucose transport (symport).
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Approximately how many kg of quaternary level carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1000 kg of plant material?
Approximately 0.1 kg of quaternary level carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1000 kg of plant material.
What is a Carnivore?A Carnivore may be defined as a type of animal that significantly depends or feed primarily or exclusively on an animal matter like flesh or meat. Such types of animals are lions, tigers, etc.
According to Lindemann's 10% law, only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the other. For example, if a field plot contains 1000 kg of plant material, the primary consumer occupies 100 kg of biomass, secondary consumers occupy 10 kg of biomass, tertiary consumers occupy 1 kg of biomass, and quaternary consumers occupy 0.1 kg of biomass.
Therefore, approximately 0.1 kg of quaternary level carnivore biomass can be supported by a field plot containing 1000 kg of plant material.
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With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin __with sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin ________ and the levels of ghrelin ________.______ and the levels of ghrelin ________.
With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin fall and the levels of ghrelin rise.
What is leptin ?
Your body secretes a hormone called leptin that aids in long-term maintenance of your normal weight. Your blood's concentration of leptin and how much body fat you have are intimately correlated. Despite the fact that your body has enough fat reserves, leptin resistance makes you feel hungry and make you eat more.
What is ghrelin ?
Small amounts of ghrelin are also released by the small intestine, pancreas, and brain. Ghrelin is primarily synthesized and released by the stomach.
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The term for any generic description or interpretation about a particular individual that is true of practically all individuals or groups is known as a(n)?
The term for any generic description or interpretation about a particular individual that is true of practically all individuals or groups is known as a(n): Barnum statement
A Barnum Statement is a generalization that is worded in a way that makes it seem to describe the person reading it. Barnum's assertions are generally accurate for everyone, yet they usually come off as very personal to the individual. In order to "trick" their subjects or "sitters" into thinking they have insight into them, psychics and mediums use Barnum's promises.
Examples include:
"Not everyone finds your style of humor amusing, but you do"
"you typically consider things before acting"
"You have faced some significant obstacles in your life."
"You and a loved one recently had a disagreement"
"I was pretty intelligent, the psychic told me, but other people didn't always perceive it."
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The correct order of filtrate traveling from the distal convoluted tubule to the ureter is?
The correct order of filtrate traveling from the distal convoluted tubule to the ureter is:
Glomerulus → Proximal convoluted tubule → Descending limb of nephron loop → Ascending limb of nephron loop → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting duct.
What travels inside the renal tubule?Alongside the tubule, a blood vessel may be seen. The blood vessel reabsorbs nearly all of the water and essential nutrients and minerals as the filtered fluid travels along the tubule. The tubule assists in clearing the blood of extra acid. Urine is created in the tubule from any leftover liquid and waste.How does renal filtrate move through it?The proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, the renal medulla, and finally the renal cortex are all where the filtrate travels after leaving Bowman's capsule. Filtrate is moved from the loop of Henle into the distal tubule, the collecting duct, and then into the renal medulla for collection.To learn more about Distal convoluted tubule visit:
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The ______ route for water loss is based on a negative feedback for overall body water balance.
A. urinary
B. fecal
C. integumentary
D. respiratory
Tay-sachs disease results from a build up of lipid waste in nerve cells. the organelle in these cells that is lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme :____________.
There is an accumulation of lipid waste in nerve cells, which causes Tay-Sachs disease. Lysosomes are the organelle in these cells that lacks a certain kind of lipid-digesting enzyme.
Describe organelles:Inside cells, organelles are specialized structures that carry out a variety of tasks. Similar to how organs like the heart, liver, stomach, and kidneys serve specific roles to keep an organism alive, organelles provide specific functions to keep a cell alive.
What kind of organelle is that?The nucleus (a structure that houses the cell's chromosomes and is where RNA is generated), mitochondria (structures that produce energy for the cell), and lysosomes are examples of organelles (enzymes that help the cell digest and recycle molecules are contained in sac-like structures). cells that make up.
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Since 238,900 is than 1, the decimal will
move to the left and my exponent will be
-
Since 238,900 is greater than 1, the decimal will move to the left and my exponent will be 5 as seen in 2.389 × 10⁵.
What is exponentiation?Exponentiation is the process of calculating a power by multiplying together a number of equal factors, where the exponent specifies the number of factors to multiply.
In mathematics, the exponent is the number by which a value (called the base) is said to be raised to a power in exponentiation: for example, the 3 in 2³ = 8.
According to this question, since 238,900 is greater than 1. The decimal will move to the left and the exponent will be 5 as follows:
2.389 × 10⁵
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Which of the various species concepts distinguishes two species based on the degree of genetic exchange between their gene pools?
The biological species concept distinguishes two species based on the degree of genetic exchange between their gene pools.
What is biological species concept?
A species taxon is a collection of creatures that may effectively interbreed and give birth to fertile offspring, according to the Biological Species Concept. That idea holds that both interbreeding within a species and reproductive barriers between creatures of various species help to protect the integrity of a species.
The biological species concept (BSC) was created to help people understand biological diversity, notably the widely acknowledged finding that sexually reproducing organisms are more likely to be found in genetic and phenotypic clusters than in a continuum of forms.
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Which organ stores bile?
a. liver
b. gallbladder
c. pancreas
d. duodenum
The organ that stores bile is b. gallbladder.
The liver produces a green, yellowish solution which is referred to as the bile. The bile has an important role to play in digestion as it breaks down fats in the food into fatty acids.
Although bile is produced in the liver, it is transported from the liver to the gallbladder and hence gallbladder is the organ that stores bile. The bile is concentrated in the gall bladder. At the time of digestion, the bile is transported from the gall bladder into the small intestine where it plays an active role in breaking down of lipids.
Bile has a slightly alkaline pH and its active constituents include bile salts, water, bile acids, cholesterol.
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12. Compare and contrast the chemistry of flowing-water ecosystems to standing-water ecosystems.
The correct answer In a flowing-water ecosystem, water moves quickly near the source and slowly near the mouth and Water in a standing- water flow within ecosystem despite having little net flow.
Standing water has little water circulation and supports free floating organisms, whereas flowing water ecosystems have a higher rate of water circulation and support a broader range of organisms.
Ecosystems in which plant roots are submerged in water for at least part of the year. Typically found where water and land meet. Marshes, bogs, and swamps are some examples. Because it is standing water, water has a low oxygen content.
Flowing waters means fresh waters flowing unidirectionally down altitudinal gradients. These waters may or may not be separated by channels. Flowing waters include streams, springs, seeps, ditches, and flumes.
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Which molecule demonstrates the widest range of functions due to its ability to adopt multiple conformations? dna rna both molecules carry out a wide range of activities within the cell.
The correct option is (b) RNA
RNA molecule demonstrates the widest range of functions due to its ability to adopt multiple conformations.
What allows RNA to fold?The ability of RNA to fold into many three-dimensional conformations allows it to fulfill a range of activities within the cell, including manufacturing proteins, controlling gene expression, and serving as a source of information for certain viruses. The majority of protein and RNA molecules, or at least their constituent sections or domains, spontaneously fold into intricate three-dimensional forms. Numerous RNAs have been shown to fold in vitro with unique contributions from folding kinetics and thermodynamic stability. The hairpin ribozyme, a tiny RNA that catalyzes an in vitro cleavage and ligation reaction that has been thoroughly studied, is one of these RNAs.
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Which term is used to describe the histologic characterization of tumor cells?
a. staging
b. grading
c. cachexia
d. angiogenesis
Grading is essentially a determination of the level of anaplasia and refers to the histologic characterisation of tumour cells.
What exactly is a cell tumour?a mass of tissue that develops abnormally when cells do not die on schedule or expand and divide more often than they should. Cancer-free tumours might be benign or malignant (cancer). Although benign tumours can become enormous, they do not penetrate or spread to surrounding tissues or to other areas of the body.What two varieties of tumour cells are there?There are two types of tumours: benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous). Typically, benign tumours only develop in one location and do not spread. Invading other parts of the body after developing in one location, malignant tumours
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What type of bonds occurs in tertiary and quaternary structures to cause a ""globular"" look?.
Hydrogen bonds occurs in tertiary and quaternary structures to cause a ""globular"" look.
The maintenance of secondary structures depends on hydrogen bonds between the backbone atoms, and the maintenance of tertiary structures depends on hydrogen bonds between side chains. At hydrogen bonds in globular proteins, examples of both types can be seen and visualised.
What kinds of bonds are present in tertiary and quaternary structures?The same intermolecular forces that hold secondary and tertiary structures together also hold these different polypeptides together. In addition, disulfide bonds can be found in quaternary structure just like they can in tertiary structure. Disulfide bonds are thus present in both tertiary and quaternary structures.
Non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic (electrostatic) bonds, and Van der Waals interactions hold the monomeric subunits in the protein's quaternary structure together.
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The actual length of an animal cell is 0.01 mm. If you wanted to draw a
diagram of the cell to scale using a magnification of x2500, what would
the length of your drawing have to be? Use the following formula:
Magnification
Observed cell length
Actual cell length
The actual length of an animal cell is 0.01 mm. If you wanted to draw adiagram of the cell to scale using a magnification of x2500, the length of your drawing have to be 25mm.
Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size
Given,
Actual size, A = 0.01mm
Magnification, M = x2500
Then,
[tex]I = MX A\\I = 2500 X 0.01\\I = 25[/tex]
The Image size, I = 25mm.
Magnification is the method of increasing the alleged size, not the actual size, of an object. This increase is quantified by a premeditated number called magnification. When the magnification number is smaller than one, it directs to a decrease in size, occasionally called de-magnification.
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Most substances are able to undergo passive diffusion across the plasma membrane. True or false
The statement is false that most substances are able to undergo passive diffusion across the plasma membrane.
Passive diffusion is the movement of particles across the membrane from their region of higher concentration to lower concentration. This movement does not require any energy. The substances that can undergo passive diffusion are: gases like oxygen or carbon dioxide, ethanol, urea, etc.
Plasma membrane is the layer surrounding the outer surface of the cells. It is a bilayer of lipid. The functions of the membrane are: to protect the cell from outer environment and to regulate the traffic of substances crossing the membrane.
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A geriatric patient is prescribed 20.0 mg/day for alzheimer's disease. memantine pills are available in 5.00 mg/capsule . how many capsules should the patient be taking?
The patient should take 4 tablets of memantine a day.
Patients of old age are referred to as geriatric patients.
Alzheimer's disease is a nervous system disorder. Most people in their late middle age or old age have Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by mood swinging, confusion, impaired thinking, memory loss, and personality change. It can be caused due neurological factors such as acetylcholine and noradrenaline, infections, family history, head injury, and brain chemical imbalance. Medications for Alzheimer's disease are - donepezil, galantine, memantine, and anti-depressants.
Medication prescribed to the patient for Alzheimer's disease = 20 mg/day
Composition of memantine pills = 5 mg /capsule
The number of tablets of meantime the patient should take in a day is,
[tex] = \frac{20}{5} [/tex]
[tex] = 4 \: tablets[/tex]
Therefore, the patient should take 4 tablets of memantine a day.
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Approximately what percentage of all osteopaths practice in primary care areas?
Approximately 65% percentage of all osteopaths practice in primary care areas.
The definition of osteopathyOsteopathic medicine is a system of medical care that emphasizes a holistic and all-encompassing approach to patient care and makes use of manipulating the musculoskeletal system in addition to other therapeutic techniques (such the use of medications or surgery) to prevent and treat disease.How does an osteopath practice?In order to aid the body in healing itself, an osteopath strives to return the joint's normal function and stability. They employ both mild and strong methods to treat your body with their hands in a variety of ways. Depending on the patient as a whole and the symptoms they have described, several techniques are selected.To learn more about osteopathy visit:
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Which type of protein attaches membranes of adjacent cells to make intercellular junctions?
Transmembrane adhesion protein attaches membranes of adjacent cells to make intercellular junctions.
What is the function of adhesion proteins in the cell membrane?Cell adhesion molecules are subset of cell surface proteins that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix in a process called cell adhesion. CAM help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings. Adherence junction and Desmosomes hold cells together and are formed by transmembrane adhesion protein .
Therefore, the cell membrane serves two purposes: first, as a barrier keeping the components of the cell in and undesired substances out, and second, as a gate permitting the passage of vital nutrients into the cell and the movement of waste products out of the cell. Identification, communication, control of solute exchange across the membrane, and isolation of the cytoplasm from the surrounding environment are the four primary roles of the plasma membrane.
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Primary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes _______, whereas secondary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes _______.
Primary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes develop and mature whereas secondary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes are stimulated.
What are lymphoid tissues?Lymphoid tissues are tissue which form part of the lymphatic system of the body.
The lymphatic system is the system of the body which is concerned with the production of the immune cells and in which the lymph circulates.
The primary lymphoid tissues are the bone marrow and thymus where there lymphocyte develop and mature.
The secondary lymphoid tissue include the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and Peyer's patches and are the sites where lymphocytes are stimulated.
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Note that the complete question is given as:
Primary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes ____, whereas secondary lymphoid tissues are the sites where lymphocytes ____.
a. are stimulated; develop and mature
b. encounter pathogens; undergo apoptosis
c. develop and mature; become stimulated
d. undergo clonal selection; differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells
e. die; are phagocytosed after death
The ____________ signals mesoderm surrounding it to develop into muscle and connective tissue.
spinal cord enable the body to have stamina to be able to do task
Explanation:
spinal cord enable the body to have stamina to be able to do task