On an average only about 10 percent of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next.
What is food web and its importance?A food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is a part multiple food chains. The importance of food webs is to describe feeding relationship among species in a community.
A food web is a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community that is formed by the natural interconnection of food chains. The food web is also known as a consumer-resource system.
On an average only about 10 percent of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next.
Approximately 10% of the stored energy of an organism at one level of a food web is transferred to the tissue of the organism that consumes it at the next level of the food web.
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The cells that support neurons by insulating them, synchronizing activity among neighboring neurons, and removing waste products are known as:__________
The cells that support neurons by insulating them, synchronizing activity among neighboring neurons, and removing waste products are known as glial cells.
Glial cells or gliocytes are non-neuronal cells found in the nervous system. They are called non-neuronal cells because they do not have an action potential or produce electrical impulses. Therefore, they don't partake in information transmission.
Glial cells act as the 'housekeepers' of the nervous system. They hold and support neurons in place, supply oxygen and nutrients to the neurons, help to isolate one neuron from another, remove waste products and dead neurons, and help destroy pathogens.
There are various subtypes of glial cells, including the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia.
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A technique for determining protein structure that requires crystals of the protein is ___.
A technique for determining protein structure that requires crystals of the protein is X-ray crystallography.
The structure of protein can be of four types: (a) primary structure; (b) secondary structure; (c) tertiary structure and (d) quaternary structure. The primary structure is the most simple one with a linear chain of amino acids. Secondary structure can be alpha helix or beta sheets, tertiary structure is the folded state of secondary structure and quaternary structure is the combination of two or more tertiary structures.
X-ray crystallography is the technique through which the 3-D structure of a protein crystal can be determined. The crustal of protein is a highly purified form. Atomic as well as molecular structure can be determined by this technique.
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A property that is common to all microbial cells is _____________. evolution communication between cells differentiation genetic exchange between cells motility
A property that is common to all microbial cells is evolution.
The term microbial cells include wide variety of micro organisms which can be bacteria, virus, fungi, algae, protist etc. The process of evolution is an important process for all the living organisms in order to survive. The evolution includes variation in genetic data that is evident in the form through mutation, transfer and reduction.
Communication between cells is common in bacteria and is a well-researched topic by scientists. The term for the process is quorum sensing and is responsible for biofilm formation, which causes problems in health and other industries. Motility and genetic exchange is not common in various organisms.
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Temporary storage sites in the cytosol for substances such as pigments or nutrients are called?
Temporary storage sites in the cytosol for substances such as pigments or nutrients are called inclusions.
Pigments are the compounds that have a certain color and provide color to other structures indie the body. For example in plants chlorophyll is the pigment that provides green color to the leaves and stem. In humans and other animals, the blood consists f red colored pigment called hemoglobin.
Inclusions are the non-living objects inside the cell. They can be anything like pigments or any other molecules, that performs no function inside the cell. They are also called ergastic substances and do not even have any membrane.
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A client tells the nurse that the client has bugs in the client's brain and asks the nurse if the nurse can see them. which response by the nurse is most therapeutic?
Reaction of the nurse: "No, I don't see any bugs." That sounds scary for you," is really therapeutic.
Briefing:The individual experiencing hallucinations is distracted and terrified by what they hear or see. The nurse cannot argue away, reject, or ignore the client's hallucination since it is genuine to them. Nurses make it plain that they do not detect the voices or see the visual images, despite the fact that the client believes the hallucination to be real. Nurses do, however, express concern that the client is concerned, upset, or scared by the hallucination.
How do hallucinations function?A hallucination is a false impression of objects or events encompassing your senses: sight, audio, smell, touch and taste. Although hallucinations appear real, they are not. Chemical interactions and/or anomalies in your brain produce hallucinations.
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What is homeostatic imbalance?
Answer: An homeostatic imbalance is where the body is unable to restore a functional, stable internal environment in oneself.
Explanation: the word "homeostatic" comes from homeostasis which means to keep the body in normal conditions like your body temperature (making sure it's not too high or low) and fluid balance (ex; your water intake). And for the word "imbalance" it means the opposite of balance which will mean it's abnormal and unstable.
any help would be very much appreciated!
The pictures are shown for pathogens which are harmful to human body and 1st is virus 2nd is fungus 3rd is protozoa and 4th is bacteria.
Explanation: There are many pathogens that are harmful to people and they are harmful because they use the host machinery to replicate themselves and grow and also damages the host machinery and lyse the cell which in turn reduces the immunity of the host body and also make the host body prone to diseases leading to the early death of host or miserable life.
These pathogens are bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses.
Virus - The viruses are considered as non-living or living depending upon whether they are outside the host cell or inside it as it they are outside they are nonliving and if inside they are living and have genetic material RNA or DNA and a protein coat called capsid.
Bacteria - The bacteria are also unicellular organisms which are prokaryotes and have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan and can be divided in gram negative and gram-positive bacteria for example Xanthomonas.
Fungi - The fungi are multicellular organisms and have mycelia which is a thread-like structure in the form of a network called hyphae and they produce a different types of spores for their development.
Protozoa - They are microscopic and unicellular organisms and are eukaryotic in nature having complex structure and have complex metabolism and also have cilia for their movements.
So according to this 1st is virus 2nd is fungus 3rd is protozoa and 4th is bacteria.
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The emerging field of ______ biology focuses on studying living organisms as a whole as well as understanding the workings of the parts of an organ.
The emerging field of systems biology focuses on studying living organisms as a whole as well as understanding the workings of the parts of an organ.
What is Systems biology?This is defined as the study of the interactions and behavior of the components of biological entities such as atoms, cells etc using computational and mathematical analysis.
This is a newly developed branch of science and it helps scientists to understand the different ways in which organs and molecules work and their overall effect the body system.
This is therefore the reason why systems biology was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Which of these scenarios is
similar to the process of
facilitated diffusion?
A. Going to jail
B. Being locked out of your house
C. Being escorted into a building
D. Building a LEGO tower
The scenario that is similar to the process of facilitated diffusion is being escorted into a building since it involves an agent making movement easier. The correct option is C.
What is facilitated diffusion?Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules of a substance from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration facilitated by certain transmembrane proteins in cells.
Facilitated diffusion helps move molecules of substances across the selectively permeable cell membrane of cells.
Therefore, in facilitated diffusion, an agent helps to make the movement of molecules faster.
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Answer: Being escorted into a building
Explanation:
Herbivores must digest cellulose, yet they lack the enzyme cellulase required for the job. How is this challenge overcome?
The answer to the question is Microbes with the ability to breakdown cellulose live in the digestive system.
What is digestive system?The digestive system of the human body is made up of the gastrointestinal tract and additional digestive organs. In order for food to be absorbed and assimilate into the body, it must first be broken down into smaller and smaller components during digestion. Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases make up the three stages of the digestive process. Peristalsis is the term used to describe the rhythmic contraction of muscles that starts in the esophagus and travels down the stomach wall and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract.
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cientist wants to make a DNA fingerprint, and she has used polymerase
ain reaction (PCR). What should her next step be?
A. Obtain a sample.
B. Use restriction enzymes.
C. Run gel electrophoresis.
D. Make a karyotype.
The answer it’s B
Answer: B
In this phase, fragments of the DNA are separated OR segregated based on their sizes. DNA samples are placed in one end of gel and electricity is passed to drag them through the gel. The fragments of DNA are made up of negative charge, that’s why they move across the positive electrode. If this process will continue for long time , DNA will shift off the end of gel. To move through the gel it requires high voltage. If the voltage becomes very high it will lead to melting of gel or smearing of the DNA bands.
Explanation:
In the small intestine, fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed by? lacteals. chief cells. capillaries. bile.
Nutrients like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, iron, vitamins, and water can all be absorbed by the small intestine.
The adipose tissues store fat-soluble nutrients. These nutrients are taken up by the lacteals and transported through the lymphatic system before being released into the bloodstream by the chylomicrons in the small intestine.
Villi that line the walls of the small intestine absorb nutrients into the circulatory system's capillaries and lymphatic lacteals. Villi contain lymphatic pathways that resemble lacteal beds and capillaries. After the chyme is digested, the lacteals absorb the fatty acids.
Nutrient absorption then occurs through the tiny intestine wall. After absorption, the fat-soluble vitamins travel to the lymph arteries before continuing to the bloodstream.
The small intestine is the organ in charge of food absorption, enabling the body to utilize minerals, vitamins, and nutrients. It is extremely uncommon for cancer to form in the small intestine, despite the fact that it makes up nearly three-quarters of the digestive system.
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For an individual to have the behavioral expression of the disorder pku, the individual must inherit a recessive combination of alleles and __________.
For an individual to have the behavioral expression of the disorder pku, the individual must inherit a recessive combination of alleles and be exposed to phenylalanine in the diet.
What is pku?
A rare genetic condition known as phenylketonuria, or PKU, causes the body to accumulate phenylalanine, an amino acid. The phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene is altered in PKU. The enzyme required to degrade phenylalanine is produced in part because to this gene.
When a person with PKU consumes protein-containing foods or aspartame, an artificial sweetener, a dangerous buildup of phenylalanine can occur because this person lacks the enzyme required to break down phenylalanine. This may ultimately result in severe health issues.
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If a uranium atom undergoes both alpha and gamma decay, what happens to it? the nucleus loses neutrons. the nucleus loses positrons. the nucleus loses protons. the nucleus loses energy. the nucleus loses electrons.
The correct answers are:
The nucleus loses neutronsThe nucleus loses protonsThe nucleus loses energyWhat is alpha decay?A nuclear process known as "alpha decay" releases a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons when an unstable nucleus transforms to another element. The helium nucleus that is being ejected is known as an alpha particle. Positive charge and a sizable mass characterize alpha particles.What is gamma decay?Gamma decay is a form of radioactivity where some unstable atomic nuclei release extra energy through an electromagnetic mechanism that occurs naturally. Gamma rays—photons or electromagnetic energy packets with an incredibly tiny wavelength—are emitted in the most prevalent type of gamma decay, referred to as gamma emission.To learn more about radioactive decay visit:
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The correct answers are:
The nucleus loses neutrons
The nucleus loses protons
The nucleus loses energy
What is alpha decay?
A nuclear process known as "alpha decay" releases a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons when an unstable nucleus transforms to another element.
The helium nucleus that is being ejected is known as an alpha particle.
Positive charge and a sizable mass characterize alpha particles.
What is gamma decay?
Gamma decay is a form of radioactivity where some unstable atomic nuclei release extra energy through an electromagnetic mechanism that occurs naturally.
Gamma rays—photons or electromagnetic energy packets with an incredibly tiny wavelength—are emitted in the most prevalent type of gamma decay, referred to as gamma emission.
Which solution (s) is/are hypotonic? Check all that apply.
iodine
distilled water
0.85% normal saline
water from Elodea dish
10% saline
The solution which is hypotonic is referred to as 0.85% normal saline and is denoted as option C.
What is a Hypotonic solution?This is referred to as a type of solution which has a lower amount of solutes when compared to other solution and also has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution when comparison is done.
On thew other hand, hypertonic solution has a higher amount of solutes when compared to other solution and an example is 10% saline which means Sodium chloride is more abundant in the solution.
Examples of hypotonic solution include 0.85% normal saline while isotonic solution has same or equal concentration and examples include iodine,distilled water etc which is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the correct option.
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True or false? cell death normally does not occur unless there has been an injury to the cell.
The statement 'cell death normally does not occur unless there has been an injury to the cell' is false.
A cell can be described as the basic building block of life. All living organisms are known to be made of cells.
There are various reasons that a cell might die. A cell might die when its function is over. A cell might also die for the formation of other structures in the body. For example, the formation of an outer layer of the skin requires dead cells. A cell might kill itself if it has no use or finds that it has been invaded by an antigen.
Hence, the statement that cell death occurs only due to injury is false as cell death can occur due to various other reasons.
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The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. what area is he describing?
The orthopedic surgeon describes about the epiphysis when informing about the broken distal region of the humerus.
Epiphysis is the extended long part of the bones. It is primarily responsible for the articulation. It is also called the second ossification center. The bones that contain an epiphysis are: humerus, radius, ulna, femur, fibula, etc. There are four types of epiphysis in human body: Pressure epiphysis, Traction epiphysis, Atavistic epiphysis and Aberrant epiphysis.
Humerus is the largest bone of the upper portion of the body. It is present in the upper arm region. It is attached to the scapula of the shoulder and the elbow region, with the radius-ulna bone. Many important muscles of the body are attached to the humerus.
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What type of analysis put a stop to the fbi relying on microscopic hair comparisons?
The correct answer for this question is Mitochondrial DNA.
Although the FBI has acknowledged its shortcomings, it still views microscopic hair analysis as valid and currently utilizes it in conjunction with more reliable DNA tests.
Forensic scientists use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis when samples such as teeth, bones, and hairs without a follicle (root) are collected from crime scenes or disaster areas. MT DNA is also used when nuclear DNA is present in small amounts or is highly degraded and does not provide a complete STR profile.
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Using nitrogen-fixing sobean crops to add nitrogen to degraded soils is an example of?
Biological augmentation
Using nitrogen-fixing soybean crops to add nitrogen to degraded soils is an example of Biological augmentation.
What is biological augmentation?The process of accelerating the breakdown of a pollutant through the addition of archaea or bacterial cultures is known as biological augmentation. It's possible that organisms from contaminated locations can already break down garbage, but possibly slowly and inefficiently.What is an example of biological enhancement?Systems that use biofiltration are frequently employed to remove toxins from soil or groundwater. Treatment ponds, slow sand filters, and bioswales are a few types of biofilters.What purpose does biological enhancement serve?The best part of this addition is that it is natural and enhances the quality, clarity, and reduction of organic sediments (muck) that build up over time on the bottom of a body of water. Clean-Flo is a pioneer in the stimulation of native microorganisms in addition to the addition of microbes.
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Which letter indicates the integument layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous cells?
The letter indicating the integument layer is A.
What are squamous cells?
Squamous cells has been described as thin, flat cells that look like fish scales, and are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
Squamous cells usually have protective functions in the epithelial tissue layers where they are found. They protect the layer of cells below from microorganisms invasion as well as prevent water loss.
Squamous cells also play important roles ingaseous exchange in the lungs and waste and nutrients exchange in the digestive tract.
From the diagram given in your question, the letter indicating the integument layer is letter A.
Squamous cells look like fish scales when see under a microscopic eye.
In conclusion, Squamous cells are flat cells and are found in the epidermis. The Squamous cells shed as new ones form.
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The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences. This occurs because.
Answer:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Explanation:
The mutation rate is used by the molecular clock to shorten the ancient period during which living forms separated. Both amino acid sequences plus DNA's nucleotide sequences are used by the molecular clock.
Only the percentage of mutations as well as other modifications over a predetermined period of time are recorded by this clock. Frequently, a property's usefulness may be restricted by the lineages' extreme diversity. The researchers come to the conclusion that molecular clocks are significantly so "erratic" comparatively previously believed, making them essentially worthless for maintaining precise evolutionary time. They blame natural selection's biases, which can occasionally prevent particular genetic mutations in particular lineages.
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Which test uses a vaginal fluid specimen to differentiate amniotic fluid from urine and other body fluids?
Fern test uses a vaginal fluid specimen to differentiate amniotic fluid from urine and other body fluids.
What is fern test?When a specimen is allowed to dry on a glass slide and then studied under a low-power microscope, the term "fern test" refers to the detection of a distinctive "fern like" pattern of vaginal secretions. In obstetrics, the fern test is most frequently used to show that amniotic fluid is present and is used to identify preterm premature rupture of membranes and/or the start of labor. Despite not being able to anticipate when ovulation would occur, it may also offer indirect proof of ovulation and fertility. Though the 'ferning' pattern of the amniotic fluid is different from that of cervical mucus, the sodium chloride level of the amniotic fluid released by the fetal kidneys may be a sign that a membrane rupture has taken place.Learn more about the amniotic fluid with the help of the given link:
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Question
A student conducts an experiment to determine how the temperature of water affects the time for salt to dissolve in 100 mL of water. The student makes one measurement for each temperature.
What is one way that the student could improve the experiment?
perform multiple trials for each measurement instead of just one
perform one trial for each measurement but use a different volume of water for each test
use a different type of salt for each temperature of water
use a different timer for each temperature of water
What is an example of a closed system?
1.An estuary where fresh and ocean water mix
2.A living single-celled organism such as a phytoplankton
3.A river that flows into the ocean
4.Water being heated in a pot with a lid
The example of closed system is water being heated in a pot with a lid. The correct option is 4.
What is a closed system?A closed system is a innate physical system that does not aid the transfer of matter into or out of the system, though energy transfer is permitted in contexts including physics, chemistry, and engineering.
A closed system on the earth is a heating water container with a lid. The only energy transfer occurs with the environment, not with the water.
Other examples encompass a simple water bottle or a closed frying pan, among others.
Thus, the correct option is 4.
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Answer:
The answer is D - Water being heated in a pot with a lid.
Explanation:
Closed systems are similar to open systems in a way; energy can enter and leave freely, however, unlike in open systems, matter cannot enter or leave a closed system. The Earth is a good example of this. The outer edge of the Earth's atmosphere acts as a boundary between the system, Earth, and the surroundings, or space. Energy is transferred between Earth and its surroundings, think solar, but matter does not enter or leave, unless you count the rare exceptions in which a meteor crashes into the earth or when a space shuttle leaves the Earth.
which organisms are members of the lophotrochozoan lineage? group of answer choices mollusks echinoderms sponges insects cnidarians
Mollusks organisms are members of the lophotrochozoan lineage. The mollusks are a diverse group of creatures that include many well-known creatures like clams, snails, squid, and others as well as some less well-known ones like tusk shells and Cephalopods. Mollusks may be found in almost all freshwater and marine settings, and some can even be found on land.
Invertebrate mollusks have soft bodies and frequently have hard shells covering them. A mollusk's body is made up of three primary components: a mantle, a visceral mass, and a muscular foot. Cephalopods, bivalves, and gastropods are the three primary categories of mollusks.
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All life shares dna as the hereditary material. from an evolutionary perspective, why do you think this is the case?
All life is a result of a common ancestor that passed on both its genes and the means for employing them to its offspring. Therefore, DNA is crucial for the study of evolution.
The degree of genetic variation between two species indicates how different they are from one another and, in turn, how intimately or related in some way they are. The average genetic difference between individuals in modern humans is quite small—about 0.1%—whereas research on the chimpanzee genome's similar regions shows a difference of roughly 1.2%. A close relative of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), the bonobo (Pan paniscus) differs from humans in the same ways. Another African ape, gorillas, share a 1.6% DNA difference with humans. Most crucially, all three species—chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans—display the same degree of differentiation from gorillas. The orangutan, an Asian giant ape, is 3.1% different from us and the African apes. What are the monkeys like? For instance, the DNA of all great apes and humans differs from that of rhesus monkeys by around 7%. Geneticists have developed a number of methods for estimating the percentages, which produce a range of results regarding the degree of similarity between chimps and humans. For instance, only changes in the fundamental components of the genes that chimpanzees and humans share are measured when determining the 1.2% chimp-human difference.
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Which four of the following entities are generally included in the field of microbiology? multiple select question. viroids mosses archaea insects bacteria slime molds
Bacteria, Viroids, Slime Molds, and Archaea are included in the field of microbiology.
Microbiology is the study of microscopic or microorganism that can be cellular, acellular, unicellular, and multicellular. It has different branches of study like immunology, mycology, phycology etc. It is very beneficial stream which help us know about the growth pattern and habits of disease causing pathogens like virus, bacteria, and viroids etc.
Microorganism are versatile creatures and their detailed study helps to know about the vital role they play which can be further used in the benefit of humans like creating, vaccines, medicines, biotechnology, antidotes, products, etc.
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The nutrition facts panel on a box of crackers indicates that one serving provides 140 calories, with 55 calories coming from fat. calculate the percentage of calories from fat in this product.
The nutrition facts panel on a box of crackers indicates that one serving provides 140 calories, with 55 calories coming from fat which leads to the percentage of 39%.
The formula to calculate the percentage of fat is,
[tex]\frac{55}{140}[/tex] x 100 = 39%Calories- A calorie is a unit of measurement for the amount of energy included in food; more precisely, it is the amount of heat required to elevate one kilogram or one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Five calories are required to raise a kg of water by one degree Celsius, as an instance of a calorie.
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What would happen if
all autotrophic organisms died, leaving only
heterotrophic organisms?
Explanation:
Heterotrophs are defined as organisms that must consume food to obtain nutrients. These include herbivores, carnivores, etc.
Thus, with a planet of only autotrophs (self-feeding organisms) will continue to reproduce and flourish. Eventually, the earth would be full of autotrophs and organism to moderate the population.
However, there are other factors that can moderate population, though it may not be as effective as a heterotroph.
As a result of the nonexistence of heterotrophs, that includes organisms that help recycle the waste in the environment.
For example, there are decomposers that recycle materials. Considered as heterotrophs, without decomposers to recycle nutrients, autotrophs will lack the nutrient to undergo photosynthesis - it would just be organic waste. This will eventually lead to the death of autotrophs.
There is a possibility for mutations to occur that can allow organisms to process the waste by themselves and use the nutrients that's been processed for photosynthesis.
These are just some of the things that can happen without any heterotrophs.
Hope this helps :)
-Sketch the difference between animal cell and plant cell.