A drug like nicotine that produces a biological response in the brain is called an dopamine agonist. Nicotine enters the brain within seconds of taking a cigarette. Nicotine promotes the release of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which help regulate mood and behavior. Nicotine is a hazardous and extremely addicting substance.
It can increase blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow to the heart, and promote brain artery constriction (vessels that carry blood). Nicotine may also contribute to artery wall hardening, which may lead to a heart attack. Nicotine is a stimulant substance that speeds up the transmission of messages between the brain and the body.
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how do embryological study helps in the evolution
Answer:
Embryology is important to understanding a species' evolution, since some homologous structures can be seen only in embryo development
Tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities are a result of the atrophy of neurons in which part of the brain?
Tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities are a result of the atrophy of neurons in Substantia nigra of brain that produces dopamine.
What is the role of Substantia nigra?
Trial-and-error learning and movement control are two critical functions of the brain region known as the substantia nigra (SN). The disorder of movement The loss of DA cells, also known as SN cells that release dopamine, is what leads to Parkinson's disease. A separate kind of cells known as GABA cells is also present in the SN. Animal studies have shown that DA and GABA cells serve various purposes in the SN. Numerous brain illnesses, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, in which DA cells die, involve SN dysfunction. Thus, comprehending the typical actions of the cells that comprise the SN can aid in our understanding of and eventual treatment for these brain illnesses.Learn more about the Substantia nigra with the help of the given link:
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On chemical analysis, a particular protein was found to contain 438 amino acids. how many peptide bonds are present in this protein?
On chemical analysis, a particular protein was found to contain 438 amino acids. Then the number of peptide bonds present in this protein will be 437.
Proteins are the polymers made up of amino acid as the monomeric unit. These amino acids are joined together by the peptide bond. The proteins serve various functions inside then body like: structural, functional or catalytic.
Peptide bond is formed between two amino acids by the condensation reaction. The carboxylic group of one amino acid binds with the amino group of another amino acid, releasing water ad a by-product. The peptide bonds in a polypeptide is always one less than the total number of amino acids.
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The bladder is in the _____ region. a. hypogastric b. right lumbar c. left lumbar d. epigastric
The bladder is in the hypogastric region.
Hypogastric Region- The structures around the pelvic bone are located in the hypogastric area. These include the prostate in men and the womb and ovaries in women, as well as the bladder, a section of the colon and rectum, the anus, and several reproductive system organs.
Bladder- A little above and behind pubic bone in the pelvis, the urine bladder is a muscular sac. The bladder is roughly the size and shape of a pear when it is empty. The kidneys produce urine, which then passes via capillary called ureters and into the bladder. Urination can be restricted and rare because to the bladder's ability to hold pee.
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What is the unit of analysis that can be inferred from the following hypothesis? hypothesis: with the introduction of dna evidence, guilty pleas have increased over time.
Guilty plead is the unit of analysis that can be inferred from the following hypothesis.
How do you analyze DNA evidence?The overall method entails: the separation of DNA from a sample of evidence containing DNA of unknown origin; and, typically subsequently, the separation of DNA from a sample (such as blood) from a known individual; the processing of the DNA so that test results may be produced.
How has DNA analysis been used in criminal cases?The analysis of biological evidence from the crime scene and comparison with criminal profiles in DNA databases can be used to identify the perpetrator in situations when a suspect has not yet been named. DNA databases can be used to connect crime scene evidence to other crime scenes.
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___ transport moves molecules across the plasma membrane of a cell with the help of transport proteins and energy (atp).
Active transport moves molecules across the plasma membrane of a cell with the help of transport proteins and energy (ATP).
Active transport is the means of transport of molecules across the plasma membrane with the help of energy. This method is usually used for the transport of molecule against their concentration gradient, i.e., from lower concentration to higher concentration.
Plasma membrane is the outer layer surrounding the cell. It is made up of lipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol. The lipid bilayer is amphipathic since the lipid head is hydrophilic and its tail is hydrophobic. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable in nature.
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Taxol is a chemotherapeutic drug that will attach to the spindle fibers and prevent their function thereby killing the cancer cell. which process does this drug prevent from occurring?
Taxol is a chemotherapeutic drug that will attach to the spindle fibers and prevent their function thereby killing the cancer cell. The Anaphase process is avoided from occurring by this drug.
What is Taxol?Taxol (chemical name: paclitaxel) is a anti-cancer chemotherapy drug used to treat cancer, blocks cancer cell growth by stopping cell division, resulting in cell death. It is used in treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma.
Taxol interferes with anaphase process by inhibiting the shortening of the microtubules attached to the sister chromatids, so the chromatids do not separate and hence, will not move to the ends of the cells. Ultimately the cell division does not take place.
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On easter island, the most isolated piece of inhabited land in the world, the loss of timber due to the cutting down of trees by humans resulted in?
All of the above ( termination of stone carving around AD 1680, cessation of canoe manufacture, soil erosion, lower crop yields.)
What are the effects of deforestation?For indigenous people, losing trees and other vegetation can result in a number of problems, such as climate change, desertification, soil erosion, less harvests, flooding, and an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.What impact does tree removal have on the soil?Due to the loss of trees, whose roots anchor the soil, soil erosion is a prevalent issue.Good soils are few, and once they have been stripped away by the frequent, heavy rains, they are quickly washed away.How does the cutting down of trees affect global warming?Carbon is stored in plants and forests. When they are damaged or completely destroyed, for example by fire - a process known as deforestation - this stored carbon has the potential to be released back by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, which changes the climate.To learn more about deforestation visit:
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In living organisms, almost all chemical reactions are catalyzed by protein catalysts called:_____.
Nearly all chemical reactions in living things are accelerated by proteins called: Enzymes
Enzymes
The human body is made up of various cell types, tissues, and other intricate organs. The biological processes of breathing, digestion, excretion, and a few other metabolic activities are accelerated by chemicals that our body produces for effective functioning in order to maintain a healthy life. Enzymes are therefore essential to all living things and control all biological activities.
A protein catalyzes a reaction in what way?
Enzymes, however, are another type of catalyst that can be found in nature. Proteins known as enzymes have the ability to reduce the activation energy for a variety of biological events. They accomplish this by attaching the reactant(s), also referred to as the substrate(s), to an enzyme active site.
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8. Gene's doctor taps him on the knee and his leg kicks out
(straightens). What motion did his leg make?
Gene's doctor taps him on the knee and his leg kicks out. The motion of his leg makes deep tendon reflex (DTR).
Lower motor neuron lesions have varying effects on tendon reflexes, also referred to as myotatic reflexes. The efferent limb of a tendon reflex will not function if a muscle loses all motor neuron innervation. Lower motor neuron lesions are frequently accompanied by hypoactive or absent reflexes.
This is frequently caused by the simultaneous activation of muscle spindle sensory afferent fibers inside peripheral nerves or roots, though.
Muscle stretch reflexes, which are deep tendon reflexes, are carried out by neuromuscular spindles. They are the only objective aspect of the clinical assessment. The patient may intentionally change their responses to the motor and mental examinations, their performance on sensory tests, or even their stride, for a number of different reasons.
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in stressful situations?
Answer:
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is the division of the autonomic nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in stressful situations.
Explanation:
The SNS is a part of the central nervous systems which are responsible for producing reflex cardiovascular system modifications as well as localised changes (such sweating in reaction to a rise in body temperature). The defence response, which is a broad rapid reaction, is produced when the SNS is fully engaged under stress. Large amounts of adrenaline are released from either the adrenal gland during this response, which is also characterized by a rise in cardiac function, heart rate, as well as skeletal muscle dilatation as well as pupillary dilation, bronchial dilatation, and piloerection. The ultimate result is to have the person ready for possible danger. Together with additional neurological or hormonal reactions to stress, such as increased corticotropin as well as cortisol release, the SNS acts.
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Drag each tile to the correct location on the table.
Along with the kidneys, the ureters, bladder, and urethra make up the urinary system. Match each function or description to the appropriate structure.
hollow, saclike organ
connected to the
kidneys
narrow duct that
connects to the
bladder
muscular ducts that
connect the kidneys
and bladder
transports urine by
peristaltic action
from the kidney to
the bladder
transports urine from
the bladder to outside
of the body
holds urine
The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The body absorbs nutrients from food and converts them into energy.
Ureters are small tubes or conduits that connect the bladder and kidneys. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The urethra is a tubular passage that connects the bladder to the outside of the body and allows urine to exit the body.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys make urine and are responsible for other functions attributed to the urinary system. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is a temporary reservoir for urine.
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Yeast cells are typically observed under 40x objective. the total magnification of the specimen is?
Multiplying the magnifications of the objective and optical lenses yields the overall magnification of a microscope.
To calculate the overall magnification, you must first determine the optical lens's power of magnification.
Ordinarily, the ocular lens magnifies ten times.
Check the objective lens's magnification capacity. The magnification is printed on the side of the lens. The previous value may have been 4X, 10X, 40X, or 100X.
The compound light microscope's overall magnification is calculated by dividing the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective lens. For instance, using a 10X ocular and a 40X objective would result in a 400X total magnification. The compound light microscope can magnify objects up to a maximum of 1000X.
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The only part of a triglyceride that can be used to make glucose (via gluconeogenesis) is the __________.
The only part of a triglyceride that can be used to make glucose (via gluconeogenesis) is the glycerol backbone.
A triglyceride is a type of fat. It consists of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids attached to each of the hydroxyl group of the glycerol. High quantities of triglyceride can be harmful for the body, especially the heart. The normal range of triglycerides in the body should be less than 150 mg/dL.
Glycerol is a three carbon structure consisting of three hydroxyl groups attached to each carbon. It is of great importance for living organisms as it forms the backbone for various phospholipids and other lipid structures.
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A colorblind woman and a non-colorblind men are planning to start a family. the expected phenotypic ratio of their children is:_______.
The expected phenotypic ratio of the children for a colorblind woman and a non-colorblind man will be 1:2:1(carrier daughter: normal daughter: normal son: colourblind son)
Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive disease (meaning the gene is almost always found on the X chromosome) which means that it excessively affects only males since they have one X chromosome and females have two, which most of the time is expressed in only one. In this disease, people see different colors as compared to normal people. The person can not be able to judge the brightness of the color and different shades of a color.
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Why is it important that the inside of a lysosome have a lower ph than the surrounding cytoplasm in the cell?
It important that the inside of a lysosome have a lower ph than the surrounding cytoplasm in the cell
Because the low pH of the lysosome aids in the breakdown of the waste material, it has a lower pH than the cytoplasm.
The lysosome is an organelle that is known as the suicid_e bag of the cell because it bursts when the cell needs to deteriorate, and the acidic pH in the lysosome causes the entire cell to be digested and cause it to break down.
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Through which cellular interactions are the cells of the stratum basale firmly attached to the plasma membrane?
The stratum basale is a single layer of cuboidal basal cells attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes that contain integrins. Adjacent cells are attached by desmosomes that contain cadherins
What is plasma membrane ?The membrane that divides the interior of the cell from the external environment is known as the plasma membrane, sometimes known as the cell membrane, and it is present in all cells. A cell wall is affixed to the plasma membrane on the exterior of bacterial and plant cells.
The inner cell organelles and the exterior environment are physically separated by the plasma membrane. Only a limited range of molecules can enter and exit the cell through the selectively permeable plasma membrane.Learn more about Plasma membrane here:
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what are the two ways in which plants use the glucose they produce during photosynthesis?
About _____ molecules in a glass of water are dissociated.
1 in 500,000,000
1 in 5,000,000
1 in 1,000,000,000
1 in 2
1 in 1,000,000
Answer:
in my opinion I will go for 500,000,000 (one in half a billion).
Explanation:
Because Water is an amphoteric substance, which means water can accept a proton acting as a base, and it can also donate A proton acting as an acid. About one water molecule in half a billion dissociates into an OH - ion by losing a proton to
another water molecule .
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The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the ________ theory of hearing.
The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the Place theory of hearing.
The place theory of hearing states that the different parts of the basilar membrane respond to sounds of different frequencies.
As mentioned, the base part of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies but the tip of the basilar membrane won't respond in the same way. the tip of the basilar membrane will respond best to sounds of low frequency.
It also states that the pitch of a sound is determined by the place of vibration of the membrane.
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At a chemical synapse, the release of neurotransmitter occurs in response to a graded depolarization of the synaptic terminal. True or false?.
Answer:
True: Neurotransmitters are released at chemical synapses in reaction to a gradual depolarization of a synaptic terminal.
The basic building block of the neurological system is indeed the neuron. A junction known as a synapses connects neurons in the neurological system. Neurotransmitters, which are released into synapses by neurons, are used for communication.
A stimulus that causes this nerve's resting membrane potential activates a presynaptic neuron. An action potential is then carried by the presynaptic nerve. The chemicals called neurotransmitters are being secreted into synapses together with action potential after passing via synaptic terminals.
Synaptic terminals get depolarized as a response of action potentials travelling thru the axon at those terminals. Depolarization causes the synaptic ion channels to open. In light of this, we may state that within a chemical synapse, neurotransmitters are released in response to a gradual depolarization of the synaptic terminal.
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What are the focus areas of the to err is human recommendations? (select all that apply.)
TheThe focus areas of recommendation are Enhance knowledge and leadership regarding safety , identify and learn from errors , set performance standards and expectations for safety and implement safety system within health care organizations.
What is the point of err in human ?The phrase" to point err human" means that human beings make mistakes and emphasize the quality of forgiveness and kindness. To err is human and to forgive is divine , which means it is natural for human beings to make mistakes as they are not perfect.
So there are four focus areas knowledge and leadership , Identity and learning from mistake.
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Systemic blood pressure is determined by which factor(s)? (select all that apply.)
The factors of systemic blood pressure are,
-Heart rate
-Stroke volume
-Cardiac output
-Systemic vascular resistance
What causes systemic blood pressure?
Constriction of the tiny arteries is typically what raises systemic (or body) blood pressure (arterioles). As a result, the peripheral resistance to blood flow rises, increasing the stress on the heart and elevating arterial pressure. Both the greatest (Systolic) and lowest (Diastolic) points of blood pressure are recorded.
In most cases, systemic hypertension goes unnoticed. The disease is sometimes referred to as the silent killer because of this. You can only detect hypertension if you have your blood pressure monitored.
In the event that hypertension becomes an emergency, defined as a systolic pressure of 180 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic pressure of 120 mm Hg or higher.
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The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis.
a. true
b. false
Yes, it is true that the dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis.
The deeper layer of the dermis is known as the reticular layer. It is made up of collagen and elastic fiber-containing thick, uneven connective tissue. Adipocytes, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, and nerves are also present in the reticular layer. The dermis, also known as the corium, is a layer of skin that lies between the epidermis (along with which it forms the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues. It shields the body from strain and stress and is largely formed of dense, wavy connective tissue. It is divided into two layers: the reticular dermis, which is thicker and deeper, and the papillary area, which is superficial and adjacent to the epidermis.
The dermis and epidermis are securely joined by a basement membrane. The structural components of the dermis are collagen and elastic fibers.
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Janae is digesting her dinner. her muscles are relaxed and her heart is beating rather slowly. janae's _____ nervous system is active.
Janae is digesting her dinner and her muscles are relaxed and her heart is beating rather slowly it should be analyzed that the parasympathetic nervous system is active.
What is the Parasympathetic nervous system?The parasympathetic nervous system may be defined as the web of nerves that significantly relaxes your body after a time period of large stress, depression, or danger. For example, If we have a rest for the digestive function system, the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) stimulates the production of saliva.
The enzymes in the saliva construct the food to get completely digested. The fundamental function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to reduce the respiration rate of the heart and then be remarkably involved in the process of enhancing digestion.
Thus, when Janae is digesting her dinner, her muscles are relaxed and her heart is beating rather slowly so that the parasympathetic nervous system is active.
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Why is it so important to maintain a core temperature of 37°C?
A. If your core temperature doesn't stay 37°C, it will actually change and reflect the temperature outside.
B. Your body can only make cells at 37°C, and we need cells because that is what our body is made of.
C. It is just best to keep that temperature so you don't shiver or sweat.
D. The enzymes in our cells work best at this temperature and these enzymes are needed to carry out all the reactions that happen in our body to keep us alive.
Answer: D
Explanation: The body needs to maintain an optimum temperature for the enzymes (around 37 degrees celsius). If it's too hot, our enzymes will denature and will become inactive/lose their function. If it's too cold, the enzymes will too become ineffective (their function will slow down too much).
Some ribosomes, which are the protein manufacturing organelles in the cell, are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes ________.
Some ribosomes, which are the protein manufacturing organelles in the cell, are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes are attached to the outside of the nucleus.
What is ribosomes?An intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell is said to be ribosomes.
The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
Ribosomes was present both in plants cells and animal cells.
Some ribosomes, which are the protein manufacturing organelles in the cell, are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes are attached to the outside of the nucleus.
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Which conditions may result from immunoglobulin ige antibodies on mast cells reacting with antigens? one, some, or all responses may be correct.
The conditions that may result from immunoglobulin ige antibodies on mast cells reacting with antigens is allergic condition which can be acute or anaphylaxis.
Immunoglobulin IgE is the type of antibody which reacts to the allergy that occurs in the body. When any allergen like pollens enter in the body the IgE will travel to the cells called mast cells or basophils cells which releases chemicals called histamine that produces the allergic response in the body.
Sometimes the body may even react to non harmful particles like food items and pollen grains and produces immune response and inflammatory action against them.
Allergic condition are the abnormal responses of the immune system against foreign particles.
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A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. which phase is directly affected?
A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division prophase phase is directly affected.
Which cells undergo mitotic?Only eukaryotic cells go through mitosis. Binary fission is a distinct technique used to split prokaryotic cells, which are cells without nuclei. Different organisms go through different stages of mitosis.
Why is mitotic important?Multicellular creatures depend on mitosis to produce new cells for growth and to replace damaged or worn-out cells, such as skin cells. Many single-celled organisms use mitosis as their primary asexual reproduction method.
What are the four roles that mitotic plays?Tissue replacement or repair.Organismal growth.Unmarried reproductionDevelopment (of embryos)To know more about Mitotic visit:
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The amount of atp stored in a muscle cell can keep a muscle active for about ________.