why does the size of an atom decrease as you move across a period?

The molarity of the solution is 10.2 moles / L.

32.00 mass % HCl = 32.00 g of HCl / 100 g of solution

Moles of HCl = 32.00 g of HCl  x  1 mol of HCl / 36.46 g of HCl = 0.878 moles of HCl

L of solution = 100 g  x  1 mL / 1.161 g  x  1 L / 1,000 mL = 0.0861 L of solution

Molarity = moles of solute (HCl) / L of solution = 0.878 moles / 0.0861 L = 10.2 moles / L

Density is the substance's mass in line with a unit of quantity. The image most usually used for density is ρ, despite the fact that the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is described as mass divided by way of quantity: {displaystyle rho ={frac {m}{V}}} where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the extent.

Density is the number of things—which could be people, animals, plant life, or objects—in a positive region. To calculate density, you divide the range of gadgets by the size of the region. The populace density of a country is the range of humans in that country divided by the place in square kilometers or miles. The mass of an item contained consistent with unit extent is referred to as density. The SI unit of density is kilogram in keeping with cubic meter (kg/m3).

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The molal boiling point elevation constant for the certain substance X is 2.01 C kg/mol.

When 11.22 g of urea ((NH2)2CO) are dissolved in 100. g of X, the solution boils at 126.3 C. To calculate the boiling point of pure X, you need to subtract the boiling point elevation from the boiling point of the solution.

Therefore, the boiling point of pure X is 124.29 C and should be rounded to 2 significant digits, which is 124.3 C.

This phenomenon is caused by the interactions between the solute and the solvent molecules, which increase the boiling point of the solution relative to the boiling point of the solvent alone. This increase in the boiling point of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solute in the solution, and is expressed as the molal boiling point elevation constant (Kb).

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1 mole is equal to 6.023 × 10 ²³ molecules. 8.8 moles in 5.31x10^25 particles of Mg.

The term mole is defined as the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities.

One mole of any substance is equal to 6.023 × 10²³ units of that substance such as atoms, molecules, or ions. The number 6.023 × 10²³ is called as Avogadro's number or Avogadro's constant.

1 mole of any substance = 6.023 × 10²³ molecules

1 mole of Mg (magnesium) = 6.023 × 10²³ molecules

Then 5.31x10^25 particles of mg = ?

Therefore,

5.31 x 10^25 particles of mg = 5.31 x 10²⁵ × 1 mole / 6.023 × 10²³

= 8.8 moles

Thus, 8.8 moles in 5.31x10^25 particles of Mg.

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The decrease in vapor pressure is proportional to the molality of the solution, so the vapor pressure of the solution at 26°C is 25.0 torr.

First, we need to find the number of moles of glucose and water present in the solution:

n(glucose) = 16.0 g / 180.0 g/mol = 0.089 mol

n(water) = 80.0 g / 18.0 g/mol = 4.44 mol

Next, we'll find the mole fraction of water in the solution:

X_water = n(water) / (n(glucose) + n(water)) = 4.44 / (0.089 + 4.44) = 0.989

Finally, we can find the vapor pressure of the solution using Raoult's law:

P_solution = X_water * P_purewater = 0.989 * 25.21 torr = 25.0 torr

So the vapor pressure of the solution at 26°C is 25.0 torr.

The vapor pressure of a solution can be affected by the presence of solute molecules. In the case of a glucose solution, the vapor pressure will be lower than that of pure water due to the increased concentration of solute molecules in the solution.

The decrease in vapor pressure is proportional to the molality of the solution, which is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.To calculate the vapor pressure of the glucose solution, we first need to determine the molality of the solution, which is 16.0 g of glucose / (180 g/mol) / (80.0 g + 16.0 g) = 0.05 mol/kg. Then, we can use the relationship between molality and vapor pressure to find the decrease in vapor pressure.

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The value of the acid-dissociation constant, Ka, can be related to the pH of a solution. A lower pH value indicates a stronger acid and therefore a larger Ka value.

From the table, it appears that Acid 2 has the lowest pH values and therefore the largest Ka value, meaning it has the smallest acid-dissociation constant.

The acid-dissociation constant, Ka, is a measure of the strength of an acid in solution. A lower pH value indicates a stronger acid, and thus a larger Ka value. In the table, the pH of Acid 2 is consistently lower than that of the other acids, with the lowest value being 0.98. This indicates that Acid 2 is the strongest acid and has the largest Ka value, meaning it has the smallest acid-dissociation constant. In general, the Ka value can be used to compare the strengths of different acids and to predict the behavior of acids in solution. Understanding the Ka value is important in a wide range of applications, including in the pharmaceutical, food, and environmental industries.

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Complete question is in the image attached

A nugget of gold with a mass of 521 g is added to 50.0 ml of water. the water level rises to a volume of 77.0 ml. The density of the gold is approximately 19.3 g/[tex]cm^{3}[/tex].

The density of the gold can be determined using the formula for density:

Density = mass / volume

First, calculate the volume of the gold:

Volume = (77.0 ml - 50.0 ml) * (1 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]/1 ml) = 27.0 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

Next, calculate the density of the gold:

Density = mass / volume

Density = 521 g / 27.0 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

Density = 19.3 g/ [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

So, the density of the gold is approximately 19.3 g/[tex]cm^{3}[/tex].

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Answer:

C. 18

Explanation:

This is because 6+12 = 18

A 45,000 milligram sample of element Y contains 6.02 x 10^23 atoms. 45 amu is the atomic mass of element Y. Therefore, option A is correct.

The term mole is defined as the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities.

One mole of any substance is equal to 6.023 × 10²³ units of that substance such as atoms, molecules, or ions. The number 6.023 × 10²³ is called as Avogadro's number or Avogadro's constant.

The mole concept can be used to convert between mass and number of particles.

1 mole = 6.023 × 10 ²³ molecules.

45,000 milligram = 6.02 x 10^23 atoms

Therefore, 1 mole = 45,000 milligram

Then,  45,000 milligram = 45 amuº

Thus, option A is correct.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To show the reactants and products, write the imbalanced equation.

Calculate the number of atoms of each element on each side of the reaction arrow.

To make the number of atoms of each element the same on both sides of the equation, multiply coefficients (the numbers in front of the formulas). ...

Check your work by indicating the state of matter of the reactants and products.

The overall concentration after the fourth dilution is 4.938 × 10⁻⁴ M

Any dilution in which the concentration is reduced by the same amount in each subsequent stage is referred to as a serial dilution.

You double the dilution factors for each step in a serial dilution.

The initial volume divided by the final volume is known as the dilution factor or dilution.

Keep in mind that you must always do serial dilutions by adding a predetermined amount of the original dilution to tubes of the same volume one at a time. You therefore multiply the dilution factor by each subsequent dilution.

Transferring 1  mL from Tube 1 to 14 mL of diluent in Tube 2 and mixing are the next steps. Once combined, add 1 mL from Tube 2 to the 14 mL of diluent in Tube 3. To create four tubes, carry out the procedure again.

The dilution factor after four dilutions is

DF=1/15×1/15×1/15×1/15=1/50625

= 1:50625

If the concentration of the original stock solution was 2.5 M, the concentration in Tube 4 would be

25M × 1/ 50625

= 4.938 × 10⁻⁴ M

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Metal or dirt are not regarded as impurities to oil, as stated in the inquiry, which is correct.

According to common belief, the term "metal" originated during the hippy era, when "heavy" indicated profundity or seriousness. Metal music is based on a few essential elements: violent or throaty voices, furious drumming, extra-low bass notes, and highly distorted riffs and chords

Native Metals were initially found and used by ancient man around 5000 BC. In the ensuing two thousand years, up to the beginning of the Neolithic Period, man refined the techniques for discovering, producing with, and using these local metals. Gold nuggets were usually the simplest to locate and utilize.

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Solubility is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature.

Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent under given conditions, including temperature. It can be influenced by various factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solute and solvent. The concentration of a solution at saturation, where no more solute can be dissolved, is equal to the solubility of the solute in that solvent at that temperature. solubility is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent, regardless of temperature . the amount of solvent that will dissolve a given amount of a solute at any temperature

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The ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in this fossil compared to its environment.The answer would be 25%

Carbon 14 is radioactive material with 5700 year of half-time which will change it into carbon-12, a more stable substance. If the age of the fossil is 11,400 years old, then the amount of half-time passed would be: 11,400 years/ (5,700 years/ half-time)= 2 half-time.

How far back in time may some things be dated using the C 14 to C 12 ratio?

An artefact up to 40,000 years old can be dated using carbon-14. Carbon is absorbed by living things through breathing and feeding. Scientists burn a little piece of an artefact to establish its age by comparing the amount of Carbon-14 to the amount of Carbon-12.

Since it undergo 2 half-time, the percentage should be: 100% × [tex](\frac{1}{2} )^{2}[/tex]= 25%.

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The current atomic theory that is widely accepted is the Electron Cloud Model, also known as the Quantum Mechanical Model.

This model is based on the principles of quantum mechanics and explains the structure of atoms in terms of probability distributions of electrons in orbitals around the nucleus.

According to this model, the nucleus of an atom is made up of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, while the electrons occupy cloud-like regions around the nucleus. The electrons are constantly moving and their location can only be described in terms of probabilities, rather than definite positions. This is in contrast to the earlier Bohr Model, which depicted electrons as moving in definite orbits around the nucleus.

The Electron Cloud Model provides a more accurate representation of the behavior of electrons in atoms, and is consistent with a wide range of experimental data, including spectroscopic observations and chemical reactions.

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Answer:

Explanation:

A carbon atom that is sp hybridized has a combination of one s orbital and one p orbital to form two hybrid orbitals, sp orbitals. These sp orbitals are typically of equal energy and both hold electrons in the outer valence shell of the carbon atom.

So for a carbon atom that is sp hybridized:

sp orbitals: 2

p orbitals: 0

s orbitals: 0

In conclusion, a carbon atom that is sp hybridized has 2 sp orbitals and 0 p orbitals or s orbitals in the outer valence shell.

The solution's pH level decreases as the H+ ion increase in concentration. Although it is conceivable to have a value of less below 0 or more than 14, the pH scale typically runs from 0 to 14.

There are no more than 1M hydrogen ions at the far end, resulting in a pH of no more than 0. The pH value is limited to 14, whereas the other end contains no upwards of 1M of hydronium ions.

All chemicals fall into one of three categories: basic (pH greater then 7), acidic, or neutral (pH around 7).

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Hydrogen bonds are the intermolecular forces responsible for the production of water dimers.

Between molecules, intermolecular forces are at work. In contrast, molecules themselves exert intramolecular pressures. In comparison to intramolecular forces, intermolecular forces are weaker. The London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, ion-dipole interaction, & van der Waals forces are a few examples of intermolecular forces.

The equilibrium between the intermolecular interactions and a kinetic energy of a specific particles (atoms or molecules) determines the state of a material. The kinetic energy, which is dependent on the substance's temperature, maintains the molecules separated and in motion.

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Since there is an electrostatic force, electrons go from a location of lower potential to one of greater potential.

The electron, the smallest constituent part of an atom, does indeed have a negative charge. Both electrons and protons are present in an equal proportion in a negative ion. The subatomic particle only contains one proton and one particle.

The outside borders of the nucleus are circled by the negatively charged electrons. They rotate so fast that it can be difficult for researchers to keep track of them. The smallest atom particles—you can fit 2000 of them inside a hydrogen atom—are pulled to the neutrons' ions with positive charges.

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So, 0.114 molecules of sucrose are contained in a can of cola.

Inflammatory and sugar

Regular consumption of sugar causes molecules to collect in our systems, which can eventually destroy our livers and other major organs. A diseased, fatty, or inflamed liver cannot function as well as one that is healthy.

Divide the mass (39 g) by the molar of sucrose (C12H22O11) to get the amount of moles.

Sucrose has a molarity of 342 g/mol.

39 g / 342 g/mol

= 0.114 mol

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The electric potential energy of a charge decreases when it moves in the normal direction. When a charge is moved in the opposite direction that it would normally move, its electric potential energy increases. This situation is analogous to a constant gravitational field.

A positive charge's potential energy increases when it moves against an electric field and decreases when it moves with it, the opposite is true for a negative charge.

Unless the unit charge passes through a changing magnetic field, its potential at any given point is independent of the path taken.

Thus,The electric potential decreases in the direction of the electric field. This is due to the fact that electric potential is the work done in the opposite direction of the electric field.

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An atom's reactivity is determined by the number or electrons in its outermost shell. Noble gases have limited reactivity because their electron shells are completely filled. Halogens are very receptive to stimuli.

Because they accomplish nothing, like the nobility, NOBLE gases are thus named. Given that they are almost nonexistent on Earth, you may alternatively refer to them as rare gases. The exception is gas, which we breathe in as 1% of every breath yet has no impact whatsoever on our body.

In contrast to noble gases, inert gases are frequently complex gases and are not always elemental. Similar to the noble gases, all inert gases have a propensity toward non-reactivity because their valence, or outermost electron shell, is complete.

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To calculate how long it will take for a first order reaction in A to reach 10% of its initial concentration, you can use the following formula:

Where k is the rate constant of the reaction and ln is the natural logarithm. In this case, since the half-life of the reaction is 2 minutes, k can be calculated as 0.693 / 2 minutes, or 0.346. Plugging this value into the formula, we get:

This equals approximately 8.1 minutes, so it will take 8.1 minutes for the reaction to reach 10% of its initial concentration.

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In general, a 10% solution of acetone would contain a higher amount of acetone by weight compared to a 100,000 ppm solution, which may contain a smaller amount of acetone.

In a 10% solution of acetone, the solvent makes up 90% of the solution's weight while acetone makes up 10%. (usually water). For instance, suppose you had 100 grammes of acetone in a 10% solution Acetone would weigh 10 grammes, while the solvent would weigh 90 grammes.

On the other hand, an acetone solution with a 100,000 ppm concentration means that there are 100,000 parts of acetone in every million parts of the solution. Therefore, there would be 100,000 parts of acetone per 1 million parts of solution in an acetone solution at 100,000 parts per million. Though the concentration is high in terms of parts per million, this might indicate that the solution contains very little acetone. You would need to know the density of the solution, which depends on the particular solvent employed, in order to convert from ppm to weight percent.

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The s and three p orbitals of carbon overlap with the 1s orbitals of hydrogen to form bonds.

An atomic orbital is an area in which the risk of an electron happening is at its maximum stage. A subshell is a path taken by using electrons as they pass around inside the shell's confines. Subshells are categorized into four categories. The subshells are denoted by using the letters s, p, d, and f.

In atomic idea and quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a feature describing the region and wave-like conduct of an electron in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the possibility of locating any electron of an atom in any unique region across the atom's nucleus. The term atomic orbital might also talk over with the bodily area or space where the electron may be calculated to be present, as predicted by the specific mathematical form of the orbital.

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We do have measures of k for a 3rd order reaction, which is mol⁻²L²s⁻¹ in accordance with the question.

Opposition or opposition to a source, influence, or movement is an act, process, or occurrence of responding. especially: a reaction to a particular treatment, circumstance, or stimulus; leaning toward a past and typically antiquated political or social system or policy. She reacted to the news with shock.

Simple response time (SRT), which is the shortest amount of time required to process a stimuli, is a fundamental indicator of processing speed. Francis Galton was the first to quantify SRTs, and he found that young participants had visual SRT latencies of less than 190 ms.

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The freezing point of a pure solvent will be lowered by the addition of a solute.

An ingredient that dissolves in a solvent to create a solution is known as a solute. The part of the solution that is present in a lesser amount than the solvent is the solute.

This is due to the solute molecules interfering with the solvent's molecular arrangement, which makes the solvent's conversion to a solid form more challenging. The freezing point will be reduced more noticeably as solute is added.

The cause of this phenomenon, known as freezing-point depression, is that the solute molecules prevent the crystalline growth of solid structures in the solvent. The temperature at which the solvent will freeze is lowered because of the interference, which makes it more difficult for the solvent molecules to combine and form a solid.

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This same spontaneous movement of the molecules down particular chemical gradient.

A molecule refers to the smallest unit of any substance that is composed of one or more elements and is capable of existing independently while maintaining the entirety of the particular chemical chemical and physical attributes. Further atom division occurs within molecules. For instance, the symbols for the oxygen atom and molecule are O and O2, respectively.

Because once two or more molecules come together and form bonds with one another, a molecule is created. Each molecule shares an electron when a bond is formed between them. A molecule is created as a result of a covalent bond. Collections of atoms called molecules act collectively as a single entity.

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When an aldehyde is treated with LiAlH4 followed by the addition of water, a primary alcohol results as a general class of product.

LiAlH4 is a strong reducing agent, which reduces carbonyl groups (such as aldehydes and ketones) to primary alcohols. The reaction between an aldehyde and LiAlH4 is an example of a nucleophilic addition reaction, in which the Lewis acidic LiAlH4 acts as a Lewis acid, accepting electrons from the nucleophile (the aldehyde), and forming a complex intermediate. The addition of water then hydrolyzes the intermediate to form a primary alcohol.

The reaction between the aldehyde and LiAlH4 is a two-step process:

Step 1: Formation of a complex intermediate

RCHO + LiAlH4 --> RCH(OH)2

Step 2: Hydrolysis of the intermediate

RCH(OH)2 + H2O --> RCH2OH + H3O+

The final product, RCH2OH, is a primary alcohol, which is a general class of product that results from the reaction of an aldehyde with LiAlH4 followed by the addition of water. The reaction mechanism can be more complex and may involve intermediate steps, but the overall reaction results in the reduction of the carbonyl group to a primary alcohol.

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Pure substances have a sharp melting point but mixtures melt over a range of temperatures. This difference is most easily seen when the temperature of a hot liquid is measured as it cools and freezes.