The correct option is: 1 = sp2, 2 = sp3, 3 = sp3, 4 = sp2.correctly describes the hybridization of each atom marked with an arrow
In organic chemistry, hybridization refers to the mixing of atomic orbitals to form a new set of hybrid orbitals. The most common types of hybridization in organic molecules are sp3, sp2, and sp.
Carbon atoms with sp3 hybridization have four orbitals that are hybridized, resulting in tetrahedral geometry around the carbon atom. Carbon atoms with sp2 hybridization have three orbitals that are hybridized, resulting in planar geometry with a 120° bond angle. Carbon atoms with sp hybridization have two orbitals that are hybridized, resulting in linear geometry with a 180° bond angle.
In this question, the first carbon atom is bonded to two other atoms and one double bond, which suggests sp2 hybridization. The second and third carbon atoms are bonded to three other atoms, which suggests sp3 hybridization. The fourth carbon atom is bonded to three other atoms and one double bond, which suggests sp2 hybridization.
which set correctly describes the hybridization of each atom marked with an arrow?
A. 1 = sp3, 2 = sp3, 3 = sp3, 4 = sp3
B. 1 = sp2, 2 = sp3, 3 = sp3, 4 = sp2
C. 1 = sp3, 2 = sp2, 3 = sp2, 4 = sp2
D. 1 = sp2, 2 = sp2, 3 = sp2, 4 = sp3
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When ammonium chloride is dissolved in water the solution becomes colder. The change is
Ammonium chloride undergoes an endothermic process when it is dissolved in water. The solution cools as a result. The transformation is hence endothermic.
Ammonium chloride makes water cooler for what reason?Thermal Responses
A beaker would get frigid if ammonium chloride was added and then dissolved in water. This is due to the endothermic nature of the reaction, in which the water-based solvent and its surroundings provide energy for the ammonium chloride to absorb.
In cold water, does ammonium chloride dissolve?An inorganic substance with the formula NH4Cl, ammonium chloride is white, crystalline salt that is very soluble in water.
Why are cold packs made using ammonium chloride?Ammonium chloride, or NH4Cl, is safer to use and also causes a significant temperature drop. 4. When the temperature rises as the sodium carbonate dissolves, your students might be taken aback.
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calculate a sample of copper with a mass of 63.5 g contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms. calculate the mass of a single copper atom?
The mass of single copper atom is [tex]1.06 \times 10^{-23} g/atom[/tex]
The number of atoms in a sample of copper with a mass of 63.5 g can be calculated using Avogadro's number, which is the number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance.
Avogadro's number is equal to [tex]6.02 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms per mole.
Let's assume the sample of copper has a molar mass of 64 g/mol, which is the molar mass of copper. Then, the number of moles of copper in the sample can be calculated as follows:
mass of sample (g) / molar mass (g/mol) = moles
63.5 g / 64 g/mol
=> 0.9969 mol
Next, the number of atoms can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number:
number of moles x Avogadro's number = number of atoms
=[tex]0.9969 mol \times6.02 \times 10^{23} \ atoms/mol[/tex]
= [tex]5.9884 \times 10^{23} atoms[/tex]
Finally, the mass of a single copper atom can be calculated by dividing the mass of the sample by the number of atoms:
mass of sample (g) / number of atoms = mass of a single atom (g)
=> [tex]\frac {63.5 g} { 5.9884 \times 10^{23} atoms}[/tex]
=> [tex]1.06 \times 10^{-23} g/atom[/tex]
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Are all neutral atoms of the same element the same?
No, all neutral atoms of the same element are not same. It is also the smallest piece of substance with chemical element-like characteristics.
What is atom?The smallest unit of matter that may be split without producing electrically charged particles is the atom. It is also the smallest piece of substance with chemical element-like characteristics. As a result, the atom serves as the fundamental unit of chemistry.
Space makes up the majority of an atom. The remainder is made up of a cloud of electrons with negative charge around a positive-charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons. No, all neutral atoms of the same element are not same.
Therefore, no, all neutral atoms of the same element are not same.
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6. Based on Reference Table F, which
salt is the most soluble?
(1) Agl
(2) AgBr
(3) ZnCO3
(4) K₂SO4
6
Answer:
Explanation:
Of the options listed, K2SO4 (Potassium sulfate) is the most soluble.
if one electron in an atom is excited but does not have enough energy to escape, the energy of the excited electron must have one of a set of quantized values.T/F
True. When one electron within any atom gets excited but lacks the energy to leave the nucleus, its energy must fall into one of set of quantized values.
What is an atom?The fundamental unit of chemistry is the atom. It is the lowest portion of matter where electrical charges particles cannot escape. It is also smallest material with properties resembling chemical elements.
What element contains atoms?An atom is a part of an element. In a given element, there is only one kind of atom per atom. The remaining components of an atom are subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. The fusion of elements can produce molecules.
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a certain ore is 21.5% 21.5 % nickel by mass. how many kilograms of this ore would you need to dig up to have 50.0 g 50.0 g of nickel?
We would need to dig up 0.233 kg of this ore to have 50.0 g of nickel.
To find the amount of ore required to obtain 50.0 g of nickel, we can use the following calculation:
Ore required = (Desired amount of nickel) / (Percentage of nickel in the ore)
First, we need to convert 50.0 g of nickel to kilograms: 50.0 g = 0.050 kg
Next, we'll use the percentage of nickel in the ore:
Ore required = (0.050 kg) / (0.215) = 0.233 kg
So, you would need to dig up 0.233 kg of this ore to have 50.0 g of nickel.
Dimensional analysis is a crucial component of calculations in chemistry since it transforms one unit or quantity into another. You must first determine the conversion factors in order to get the desired unit before doing the conversion. Expressing a given unit to another unit is crucial because some chemistry problems call for conversions to be made before applying a particular equation.
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Simple diffusion of a molecule down its concentration gradient requires an input of energy to the system.a. Trueb. False
The statement is False. Simple diffusion of a molecule down its concentration gradient requires an input of energy to the system.
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by means of the full quantity of a mixture. numerous forms of mathematical description may be distinguished: mass awareness, molar attention, range concentration, and volume concentration. The concentration can discuss with any type of chemical aggregate, However, most regularly refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has versions, along with everyday awareness and osmotic awareness.
Concentrations are frequently known as degrees, reflecting the intellectual schema of ranges on the vertical axis of a graph, which can be high or low (for instance, "high serum stages of bilirubin" are concentrations of bilirubin within the blood serum that are extra than normal).
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The empirical rule tells the approximate percentage of the data which falls into certain ranges. to which distributions does the empirical rule apply?
The Empirical Rule (or 68-95-99.7 Rule) applies to data that follows a normal distribution.
This means that roughly 68% of the data will fall within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% of the data will fall within two standard deviations of the mean, and 99.7% of the data will fall within three standard deviations of the mean.
This means that if you have a normal distribution, you can use the Empirical Rule to predict how much of your data will fall within certain ranges. For example, if you know the mean and standard deviation of your data, you can use the rule to approximate how many of your scores will fall within a certain range. This can be useful for understanding the spread of your data and making predictions about it.
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What is the total pressure exerted by a mixture containing two gases if the partial pressure of one gas is 70 torr and the partial pressure of the other gas is 30 torr?
The total pressure exerted by a mixture containing two gases is 100 torr.
The sum of the partial pressures of each gas makes up the total pressure exerted by two gases.
In this instance,
The sum of the partial pressures of the first and second gases is the total pressure.
=30+70=100 torr
The overall pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each individual gas in the mixture, according to the gas law known as Dalton's law of partial pressures.
The thermodynamic activity of a gas's molecules is gauged by its partial pressure. In contrast to their concentrations in gas mixtures, gases dissolve, diffuse, and respond according to their partial pressures.
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graphene is a special form of carbon bonded into a flat sheet that is only one atom thick. what is the bonding type between individual graphene sheets?
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice pattern. The individual carbon atoms in graphene are bonded to each other through strong covalent bonds.
The bonding type between individual graphene sheets is called van der Waals interactions. These interactions are weak, non-covalent bonds that result from the attraction between the positively charged nucleus of one atom and the negatively charged electrons of another atom.
In the case of graphene, the van der Waals interactions between adjacent graphene sheets are strong enough to hold the layers together, but weak enough to allow for easy separation. This combination of strong covalent bonding within each graphene layer and weak van der Waals interactions between layers makes graphene an ideal material for use in applications such as flexible electronics, energy storage, and water filtration.
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the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into smaller components is classified as what type of change?
The splitting of the nucleus of an atom into smaller components is classified as nuclear fission.
The process of nuclear fission involves the splitting of big atomic nuclei into several smaller atomic nuclei in order to release a significant quantity of energy. The nuclei are typically coaxed into absorbing neutrons as part of this process. Neutrons are the particle that are typically found in the atomic nucleus alongside protons. The human race has found a way to use this natural occurrence not just to generate electricity in the form of nuclear power plants but also to power nuclear weapons.
Nuclear fission is a type of nuclear transmutation, which means that the atoms that are used as the source material are not the same elements as the atoms that are produced as the resulting, or daughter, product. It is possible for the fission process to take place naturally as a form of radioactive decay; however, this occurrence is extremely uncommon, extremely slow, and is limited to very heavy chemical components.
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The following data was collected when a reaction was performed experimentally in the laboratory.
Reaction Data
Reactants Products
Al(NO3)3 NaCl NaNO3 AlCl3
Starting Amount in Reaction 4 moles 9 moles ? ?
Determine the maximum amount of NaNO3 that was produced during the experiment. Explain how you determined this amount.
The maximum amount of NaNO3 that was produced during the experiment is 4 moles.
What is an experiment?An experiment is described as a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
We determined by using the stoichiometry of the reaction, which states that for every mole of Al(NO3)3 that reacts, 1 mole of NaNO3 is produced.
So because the starting amount of Al(NO3)3 was 4 moles, it follows that the maximum amount of NaNO3 that could be produced is also 4 moles.
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In an experiment searching for the photoelectric effect, an incident beam of green light did not eject any electrons from a metal. In order to eject electrons, the experimenter should
Group of answer choices
try red light.
increase the brightness of the green light.
try blue light.
decrease the brightness of the green light.
try a combination of infrared and microwave.
Therefore, the experimenter should use blue light, that has a high number and intensity than green light, instead of red light, to expel electrons in the photographic reaction experiment.
What is the aim of photoelectric?When determining the position (or lack) of an item or the distances here between point and an object, a photodiode sensor is utilized. It has a photodiode receiver as well as a transmitter that emits visible red or infrared light.
What exactly is a photoelectric material?Materials that can produce, transform, transport, process, and store light signals are referred to as optoelectronic materials. mostly semiconductor photoelectric materials are among them.
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hi how is the earth floating pls i need the answer fast,
Answer: The Earth is "floating" due to the gravity of outer space.
Explanation: Objects with greater mass have greater gravitational pull therefore the Earth floats.
which, if any, of the following nitrogen oxides have the same empirical formula? choose one or more: n2o5 no no2 n2o4 n2o
The same empirical formula can be found in the following nitrogen oxides: N2O5 and NO .The empirical formula of a chemical compound gives the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms present in a compound. However, it doesn't provide the actual number of atoms present in a molecule.
Among the given nitrogen oxides, the empirical formula of N2O4 and N2O5 is the same, which is N2O. The empirical formula of NO and NO2 is NO, which is different from N2O. The empirical formula of N2O is N2O itself. So, N2O4 and N2O5 are the nitrogen oxides that have the same empirical formula, N2O.
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which of the following are colligative properties? group of answer choices enthalpy of formation boiling point elevation density freezing point depression temperature change osmotic pressure
The four complementary characteristics of colligative properties that a solution can display are an increase in boiling point, a decrease in freezing point, a relative decrease in vapor pressure, and an increase in osmotic pressure.
What are colligative properties?
Some characteristics of diluted solutions containing non-volatile solutes depend only on the quantity of solute particles present and not on the solute type. Collaborative qualities are what these traits are known as. Most frequently, diluted solutions exhibit these characteristics.
Collaborative properties can also be defined as those that result from the dissolution of a non-volatile solute in a volatile solvent. Typically, the solute alters the characteristics of the solvent by removing some of the solvent molecules from the liquid phase. Additionally, the concentration of the solvent is reduced as a result of this.
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You mix 250 ml of 2.1 m hbr with 200 ml of 2.5 m koh . what is the ph of the resulting solution?
When you mix 250 ml of 2.1 m hbr with 200 ml of 2.5 m koh, the resulting solution will have a pH of 13.398 which is slightly basic in nature.
Water and salt are produced when 250 mL of 2.1 mHBR and 200 mL of 2.5 mKOH are combined.
The pH of the final solution can be determined using the amount of hydroxide ions (OH-) generated throughout the process.
The amount of KOH that was added, 2.5 M of OH-, is present in the solution.
The solution's pOH may be computed using the formula -log[OH-], and the pH can be derived by computing the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration.
The pH in this situation is 14 - 0.602 = 13.398 since the pOH is 0.602 in this case.
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Provide the missing organic structures. Include stereochemistry where appropriate. Do not draw inorganic by-products.
Part 1) Draw structure A and include all four bonds at chiral centers.
Part 2) Draw structure B.
Part 3) Draw structure C.
Glycine (Gly), aminotransferase (Ala), pyruvate dehydrogenase (Va), leucine (Significant quantities), isoleucine (Parti), peptide (Pro), phenyl (Phe), methyl (Met), and tryptophan are the nine amino acids with hydrophobic side chains (Trp).
What is acid, for instance?a substance that reacts with certain metals to produce salts and releases hydrogen ions into water. Acids give certain colors a reddish tint and have a sour flavor. Acids generated by the body, such stomach acid, can assist organ function.
What three sorts of acids are there?Acids may often be split into three main categories. The first one is bi acid, followed by oxyacid and carboxylic acid. All binary acids are represented by the symbol "H-A," which stands for a hydrogen bond to a.
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The correct name for p3o2
The correct name for p3o2 is B. Phosphorus pentoxide.
What is Phosphorus pentoxide?Phosphorus pentoxide (P32O2) is a chemical compound composed of phosphorus and oxygen.
It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly reactive and forms acidic solutions when dissolved in water.
This compound is used in a variety of applications, including as a dehydrating agent, a desiccant, and as a raw material for the production of phosphoric acid and other phosphorus compounds.
In general, Phosphorus pentoxide is a strong oxidizing agent, and it reacts with many organic and inorganic compounds to form new compounds.
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for each compound in the table below, decide whether there would be any hydrogen-bonding force between molecules of the compound, or between molecules of the compound and molecules of water. compound hydrogen-bonding force name formula or lewis structure between molecules of the compound? between molecules of the compound and molecules of water?
Conclusions about the hydrogen-bonding forces between each compound's molecules:
1. Fluoromethane [tex](CH_3F)[/tex]: Due to the polar covalent connection between the carbon and fluorine atoms, which generates partial positive and negative charges on the molecule, there would be hydrogen-bonding interactions between fluoromethane molecules.
2. N-chloromethylamine [tex](CH_3ClN)[/tex]: The existence of the N-H bond, which can create hydrogen bonds with other N-H or O-H groups, would result in hydrogen-bonding forces between molecules of N-chloromethylamine.
3. Methylamine [tex](CH_3NH_2)[/tex]: The existence of the N-H bond, which can create hydrogen bonds with other N-H or O-H groups, would result in hydrogen-bonding forces between molecules of methylamine.
4. Compound [tex]X_5[/tex]: It is not feasible to identify whether there would be hydrogen-bonding forces between the molecules of the compound or between the molecules of the compound and water without knowing more about the formula or structure of the chemical.
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a mixture is made by combining 1.99 lb of salt and 4.88 lb of water. what is the percentage of salt (by mass) in this mixture?
Answer:
29%
Explanation:
1.99 / ( 1.99 + 4.88) x 100% = ~ 29%
one unique characteristic of gyros is that the rotor of a free gyro always points in the same direction no matter which way the base of the gyro is positioned. this is referred to as
The rotor of a free gyro always points in the same direction no matter which way the base of the gyro is positioned. this is referred to as Gyroscopic rigidity.
Gyroscopic stiffness is the force that prevents a gyroscope's orientation from changing. Additionally known as gyroscopic rigidity. This characteristic results from the spinning wheel's angular momentum, which opposes any shift in orientation. In order to maintain a stable path, gyroscopic stiffness is crucial for the operation of huge vehicles like ships, planes, and spacecraft. Other gyroscopic devices and machinery, such compasses and other navigational tools, as well as vibration dampening, make use of gyroscopic stiffness.An instrument used to determine or maintain orientation and angular velocity is a gyroscope. It is a spinning wheel or disc where the spin axis is unrestricted in its orientation choices. According to the law of conservation of angular momentum, while the mounting is rotating or tilting, the orientation of this axis is unchanged.
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1.4 what will the relative impact be on co2 for heating and for cooling, assuming the buildings in question 1.1 are located in the midwest (hot summers, cold winters)?
The relative impact of heating and cooling on CO2 emissions will depend on the energy source used for heating and cooling.
If the buildings in question are heated using fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, or coal, the heating will result in significant CO2 emissions. In contrast, if the buildings are heated using clean energy sources such as geothermal, solar, or wind power, the heating will have a minimal impact on CO2 emissions.
For cooling, the primary energy source is often electricity, and the CO2 emissions associated with cooling will depend on the sources of electricity generation. If the electricity is generated from fossil fuels, the cooling will result in significant CO2 emissions. If the electricity is generated from clean energy sources, the cooling will have a minimal impact on CO2 emissions.
In general, the relative impact of heating and cooling on CO2 emissions will vary depending on the energy mix in the region. In the midwest, where the buildings are located, the relative impact of heating and cooling on CO2 emissions will be influenced by the sources of energy used for heating and cooling, as well as the energy mix of the electricity grid in the region.
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Unfavorable temperatures and ph changes can cause a protein to change shape. this is called ?
Unfavorable temperatures and ph changes that can cause a protein to change shape is called Denaturation.
How would a protein react to a change in pH or temperature?The intrinsic relationships between the protein's amino acids can change if it is exposed to chemicals, changes in pH, or temperature changes, which could then modify how the protein looks.
What is the term for protein denaturation?Proteins lose their biological activity as a result of the helix structure's uncoiling, which also changes their chemistry. Denaturation of proteins refers to the process by which a protein loses its function and the helix structure unravels as a result of physical or chemical modifications.
How much does a change in pH influence protein structure?Variations in pH have an impact on the tertiary level of protein structure because a strongly acidic solution prevents these interactions from occurring.
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which is an example of a homogeneous mixture? group of answer choices soil (dust) vodka oily water sodium chloride aluminum
An example of a homogeneous mixture is vodka. Mixtures that are homogeneous have the same structure or composition.
Which substance is a mixture that is homogeneous *?A mixture with a uniform composition throughout is known as a homogeneous mixture. Because the dissolved salt is evenly distributed throughout the entire salt water sample, the above-described salt water is homogeneous.
Which of the following is an example of pure water in a homogeneous mixture?Homogeneous Compound: Mixtures are formed when substances do not chemically bond. Pure water (H2O H 2 O) is an example of a compound that is homogeneous. The oxygen forms a bond with the hydrogen. Another example of a homogeneous compound is carbon dioxide.
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how can you protect your hands when working with corrosive chemicals?
Your hands are shielded by protective gloves while working with corrosive chemical. There are several different types of materials for gloves, including nitrile, natural rubber, and latex.
How can you defend against corrosive chemicals?Additional eye/facial protection, including such goggles or a face shield, should be used when there is a chance of significant splash risks. When handling chemicals that are corrosive, gloves should be worn. In typical laboratory settings, nitrile gloves ought to be adequate for handling the vast of them.
What is corrosive chemical first aid?If a shower is available, take off any contaminated clothing or jewellery and rinse the chemicals away for at least 20 minutes. Keep from getting chemicals in your eyes. Dress the burn. Apply a fresh bandage to the burn.
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SOMEONE PLEASE HELP! I WILL REWARD BRAINLIEST IF CORRECT!
A given compound had the following composition: 20.3g mercury and 1.70g oxygen. Find the empirical formula.
To find the empirical formula of the compound, you need to find the ratio of the elements present in the smallest whole numbers. You can do this by dividing each element's mass by its atomic mass and then dividing the result by the smallest ratio found.
For example:
Mercury (Hg) atomic mass = 200.59 g/mol
Oxygen (O) atomic mass = 15.999 g/mol
Hg mass = 20.3 g / 200.59 g/mol = 0.101 mol
O mass = 1.70 g / 15.999 g/mol = 0.106 mol
Dividing the two mole ratios by the smaller ratio (0.106), we get:
Hg = 0.101 / 0.106 = 0.95 (rounded to 1)
O = 0.106 / 0.106 = 1.0
So, the empirical formula of the compound is HgO.
Answer:
HgO
Explanation:
When 2.35Mg (OH)2 is added to 250.0mL of water, the temperature of the water raises from 20.5 degrees celsius to 36.0 degrees celsius. Calculate the molar enthalpy of solution
When 2.35Mg (OH)2 is added to 250.0mL of water, the temperature of the water raises from 20.5 degrees Celsius to 36.0 degrees Celsius. The molar enthalpy of solution is 169,493.7.
What is the molar enthalpy ?The term molar enthalpy is defined as the enthalpy of reaction for the formation of one mole of a compound from its constitutive elements in their standard states.
H = m × C × T.
Mass = 2.35Mg
C = 250.0
Temperature = 288.5K
By substituting these values in given equation, we get
H = 2.35 × 250 × 288.5
H = 169,493.7
Thus, the molar enthalpy of solution is 169,493.7.
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Which type of pathway produces carbon dioxide and water?
Cellular respiration can occur either anaerobically (without oxygen) or aerobically. Glucose and oxygen interact during aerobic cell respiration. As byproducts, both water and carbon dioxide are produced.
In glycolysis, are CO2 and water produced?In the majority of cells, glycolysis turns glucose into pyruvate, which mitochondrial enzymes then oxidize to produce carbon dioxide and water. However, due to the absence of mitochondria in some platelets, most notably adult red blood mitochondria, glycolysis serves as the only method of ATP synthesis.
What is the carbon dioxide diffusion pathway?The carbon dioxide moves out of the circulation, via the capillaries, and onto the alveoli where it is ejected, while at the same time oxygen bonds with hemoglobin to be transported back to the tissues once the venous returns to the lungs.
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which of these statements about atoms is incorrect? group of answer choices atoms are the smallest visible particles of an element. atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. atoms are the building blocks of all matter. the smallest identifiable unit of an element is the atom. there are 91 different naturally occurring atoms.
There are 91 different naturally occurring atoms is incorrect. There are 118 different naturally occurring atoms.
Atoms are unable to exist on their own. The tiniest component of an element, an atom shares the same chemical characteristics as the element as a whole. Atoms, which make up all matter, are unbreakable and indivisible. An atom is the smallest piece of stuff. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are the charge, neutral, and vacuum particles that make up the nucleus of every atom. Protons and electrons both occur in equal numbers in an atom. Because the number of protons and electrons in an atom is always equal, an atom is electrically neutral.
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