Organelle is responsible for the synthesis of protein and lipid molecules is The ER
In a cell, the rough endoplasmic reticulum produces lipid molecules.Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes all over its surface, and it synthesises proteins that are extremely beneficial for an organism. They are also referred to as rough endoplasmic reticulum and have a rough surface.In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a large biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents. Other naturally occurring lipid hydrocarbon molecules, such as fatty acids, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, and phospholipids, which do not dissolve in water, are often removed using non-polar solvents. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which also performs numerous other crucial tasks like folding proteins, is essentially the transport system for eukaryotic cells. There is no plasmic reticulum present.
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what aspect of visibility does staining increase in light microscopy?
Aspect of visibility does staining increase in light microscopy is to increase the contrast and visibility of the specimen.
In light microscopy, the cell parts are dyed with vivid dyes or stains that are affected by the light flowing through them, making the specimens plainly visible. But in electron microscopy, the stains are heavy metals that are dispersed on the biological samples that are exposed to the electron beam.
Light microscopy employs stains including Hematoxylin, Eosin, Toluidine Blue, Mallory Trichrome, Giemsa Stain, and others. These stains are colourful chemicals that discolour cells and their constituent elements. The stained specimens are visible when light passes through them due to the contrast with the light.
Better resolution and magnification of tiny particles are available with electron microscopy. By absorbing or dispersing certain electrons, the heavy metal stains employed in electron microscopy color biological tissues.
A comparison between various biological structures is made possible by the electron scattering. The resolution of small details on the ultrathin section becomes limited if such stains are not utilized since biological specimens have low contrast, which makes them difficult to study.
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which group in kingdom protista is responsible for the annual florida red tide? group of answer choices dinoflagellates amoeba spp. rhodophytes chlorophytes rhizaria
Dinoflagellates is group in kingdom protista is responsible for the annual florida red tide.
Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus is referred to as a protist. Protists may have had a common ancestor, but because other eukaryotes are not present, they do not constitute a clade or natural group. As a result, some protists may have a closer relationship with plants, animals, or fungi than they do with other protists. However, the biological category protist is employed for practical reasons, much as the groupings of algae, invertebrates, and protozoans. Others define a protist as any unicellular eukaryotic microbe. Protistology is the study of protozoa. The phylum Dinoflagellata, which consists of the monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes known as dinoflagellates, is frequently thought of as including algae. Although dinoflagellates are mainly found in marine plankton, they are also widespread in freshwater environments.
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the species name given each kind of organism within a genus is always a . a. proper name b. term based on age c. name based on latin d. term based on size
The right response is a name derived from Latin. Each type of organism within a genus is given a species name that is derived from Latin.
A binomial scientific name's first word, which is always capitalized, is the genus name. The second word is the species name. Rosa, which includes more than 100 species of roses, is one example of a plant genus with numerous species.
Genus, also known as genera, is a biological classification unit that comes after species in the biological hierarchy and is made up of structurally or phylogenetically linked species or a lone isolated species that displays exceptional differentiation (monotypic genus). A binomial scientific name's first word, which is always capitalized, is the genus name. The second word is the species name.
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in a follow-up experiment, the researcher collects fertilized eggs produced by fish raised in a tank with rapidly moving water and places the eggs into a tank with slowly moving water. the researcher measures the phenotypic traits when the offspring reach the same age as the fish measured in the original experiment. assuming no natural selection occurred over the course of the experiments, predict the phenotypes of the offspring in comparison with the phenotypes of their parents. explain how the results of the original experiment provide evidence of phenotypic plasticity.
Answer:
It’s A
Explanation:
Supposed you are studying a fruit flies DNA and you discover a gene for antenna on a chromosome 2.what word word describe it’s location, and where would it be found in other fruit, fries, DNA?
Their location would be described as being at a particular location on chromosome 2 in relation to the centromere or "on the short arm" of chromosome 2 which is located on chromosome 2 in a fruit fly, that gene will also be on chromosome 2 in other flu flies of the same species.
What is Chromosome?Chromosome is defined as a structure found inside the nucleus of a cell that is made up of DNA organized into proteins and genes. Each cell normally has 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Chromosomes are packaged into thread-like structures where each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled around special proteins called histones.
Thus, their location would be described as being at a particular location on chromosome 2 in relation to the centromere or "on the short arm" of chromosome 2.
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Chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase therefore it is possible for any combination of chromosomes to be passed on from parent to offspring.
a. Law of Dominance
b. Law of Segregation
c. Law of Independent Assortment
d. Polygenic Inherit
The Law of Dominance states that when an organism has two different alleles of a gene only one of the alleles will be expressed and the other will be masked therefore the correct option is A.
For example when a white flower and a red flower are bred together, the seed will have red petals. The Law of Segregation states that when an organism reproduces, the two alleles of a gene separate aimlessly and are passed to different gametes. For illustration, if a flower has red petals.
The two alleles of the gene for color separate and one allele is passed to one gamete and one allele is passed to the other gamete. The Law of Independent Assortment states that the isolation and combination of alleles from one gene are independent from the isolation and combination of alleles from another gene.
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what does an apoenzyme require to become a holoenzyme?
A particular apoenzyme requires to be bound to a co-factor in order to become an active holoenzyme.
Apoenzymes or the apoproteins are basically enzymatically inactive protein part of the enzymes, which require cofactor for their activity and functions. Apart from the catalytic RNA, most enzymes present in our body are proteins and not all the enzymes necessarily require a cofactor to function. Enzymes that do not require any cofactor are called simple enzymes, like trypsin, pepsin etc.
Holoenzyme can be basically defined as a complete and functional enzyme that is active catalytically. Holoenzyme basically consists of an apoenzyme along with its cofactors.
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bone taken and harvested from a cadaver is termed: group of answer choices a) an autograft b) an allograft c) a xenograft d) an alloplast
Allograft bone is often obtained from a bone bank and is acquired from cadavers who have donated their bone so that it can be utilized for living individuals who require it (option B)
Allograft comes from human tissue. The distinction is that an allograft is taken from a person other than the recipient of the graft.
Dead bone taken from a corpse and treated using a freeze-dry technique to remove the water using a vacuum is known as allogenic bone, also known as allograft. Allogenic bone, as contrast to autogenous bone, is unable to generate new bone on its own. Instead, it acts as a framework or scaffold over which the nearby skeletal walls' bone can develop to cover the gap or defect.
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the composition of proteins is different from that of carbohydrates due to the presence of: group of answer choices carbon. none of these are correct. hydrogen. nitrogen. oxygen.
The composition of proteins is different from that of carbohydrates due to the presence of nitrogen.
Proteins contain nitrogen, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are also found in carbohydrates. The nitrogen atom in proteins is part of the amino group (-NH2), which is one of the defining features of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. This makes the structure and function of proteins distinct from those of carbohydrates, which are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The presence of nitrogen in proteins allows for a wide range of chemical reactions to occur, enabling proteins to carry out a variety of functions in the body, such as catalyzing metabolic reactions, transporting molecules, and providing structural support.
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on a hot day a person consumed only meat before a day of energetic work. Explain the likely changes in the composition of the persons urine
Explanation:
As the person consumed only meat, the urine composition would be affected. Urea, creatinine, and other waste products from the metabolism of proteins would be excreted in the urine. Uric acid, which is a byproduct of the breakdown of purines found in some meats, will also be present in higher concentrations. The urine might also appear darker due to the breakdown of heme, a pigment found in some meats. Additionally, the urine may also have a pungent odor due to the presence of ammonia, which is produced by bacteria breaking down the proteins in the meat.
. what is net primary productivity, or npp? are all ecosystems equally productive? where, on the range of npp values for diferent systems/biomes, would loch ness fall?
Net primary productivity can be defined as the gross primary productivity minus the rate of energy which is lost to metabolism and maintenance.
Net primary productivity or NPP can be basically defined as the gross primary productivity minus energy rate which is lost to the metabolism and maintenance. In other words, we can say that it is the rate at which the energy is stored as biomass by the plants or by the other primary producers and is made available to the consumers that are present in the ecosystem.
Net primary productivity differs among various ecosystems and depends on a number of factors like temperature and moisture levels, nutrient availability, solar energy input, carbon dioxide levels, and also the community interaction. The productivity of all ecosystems is not equal. Some ecosystems are more productive as compared to other ecosystems.
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why were louis pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks were important in disproving the theory of spontaneous generation because they provided arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
The theory of spontaneous generation held that microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi could arise from organic matter under the right conditions, without the need for a pre-existing source of life.
Pasteur's experiments involved using swan-necked flasks that had a curved neck that prevented air from entering the flask, but allowed it to exit. When these flasks were filled with nutrient broth and left in a warm place, no bacteria or other microorganisms appeared in the broth. However, when the neck of the flask was broken or the flask was opened, bacteria appeared in the broth, demonstrating that they had come from the air and not from spontaneous generation.
These experiments helped to demonstrate that life could not arise spontaneously from non-living matter, but required the presence of living organisms that could have been introduced into the broth. Pasteur's work was a major blow to the theory of spontaneous generation and laid the foundation for the modern scientific understanding of the origin of life.
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in what ways would an outgroup be helpful in determining how the bones of the mammalian middle ear evolved?
The ability to compare the bone structures within and outside of the clade would allow researchers to use an extant reptile species as an outgroup.
A taxon or lineage that is outside of the taxa being investigated is referred to as an outgroup (out-group) in terms of evolution. In order to determine which in-group is most likely to have undergone a specific evolutionary change and to root a mammalian phylogeny, outgroups are used. For instance, a researcher is looking at organisms A and B.
The phylogeny can be rooted specifically because the outgroup is utilized as a benchmark for the ingroup. The selection of the outgroup is crucial for comprehending the evolution of features in a phylogeny since the polarity (direction) of character change can only be identified on a rooted phylogeny.
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What would be the fate of R7 differentiation in a fly with an inactive sevenless receptor and a constitutively active ras in the progenitor R7 cell?
The fate of R7 differentiation in a fly with an inactive seven less receptor and a constitutively active Ras in the progenitor R7 cell is that the R7 progenitor will differentiate into the R7 neuron.
What does progenitor cell mean?A progenitor cell is a biological cell that has the ability to differentiate into another type of cell. This ability is shared by stem cells and progenitor cells. Stem cells, on the other hand, are less specific than progenitor cells.
Only the "target" cell type can develop from progenitor cells. The most significant distinction between stem cells and progenitor cells is that stem cells may replicate continuously, but progenitor cells can only divide a set number of times. There is an ongoing debate over the precise definition, and the concept is continually changing.
The phrases "progenitor cell" and "stem cell" are occasionally used interchangeably.
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which transmission of information technique within the human body demonstrates how cells coordinate their function and control their growth between cells? select all that apply.
Transmission of information technique within the human body demonstrates how cells coordinate their function and control their growth between cells are Direct communication between adjacent cells, Autocrine and paracrine signaling, Endocrine or synaptic signaling.
Receptors are crucial for synaptic signaling as they can detect chemical messages or physical stimuli. Receptor-containing proteins are often located on or inside of cells, including the cytoplasm, organelles, and nucleus. Typically, ligands or extracellular signals bind to cell surface receptors, altering their conformation and leading them to open or close ion channels or initiate the activity of enzymes.
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explain whether you think judy's family occurrences of breast and ovarian cancers are sporadic, hereditary, or familial. is judy likely to have inherited a brca 1 or brca 2 mutation?
Due to the fact that both men and women in Judy's family have had breast cancer and since there have been no incidences of ovarian cancer, Judy's doctor thinks that the BRCA2 gene may have been mutated.
This theory is supported by the fact that both men and women have developed breast cancer. The doctor believes there may be a mutation in the BRCA2 gene because both men and women are affected and because there are no known occurrences of ovarian cancer. Due to the fact that each person carries two distinct alleles for the BRCA gene, one from each parent, two people can have varied band sizes that may be related to different alleles. Other than BRCA1 and BRCA2, hereditary abnormalities in other genes can also result in breast and ovarian cancer. This indicates that family members in certain families with a history of breast and ovarian cancer may not have mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, but they still may have abnormalities in one of these other genes. Genetic testing employing multigene panels may be used to find these mutations.
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over 95% of incoming uv-b radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere.
The given statement "Over 95% of incoming UV-B radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere." true because it is the reason ozone layer depletion in stratosphere.
The stratosphere contains ozone layers that aid in absorbing around 95% of the sun's UV energy and converting them to heat. This is the cause of global warming, which is brought on by the ozone layer's deterioration in the stratosphere.
Between 15 and 30 kilometres above the surface of the earth, the ozone layer protects ourselves and other living creatures from the sun's harmful UV radiation. Researchers discovered data connecting the stratospheric presence of halogen-source chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), to the ozone layer's thinning. Synthetic chemicals known as ozone-depleting substances (ODS) were employed all over the world.
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Over 95% of incoming uv-b radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere. True or false.
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What is geological time scale?
Answer:
What is the geological time scale?
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks).
Explanation:
beta-sheets are a type of secondary structure and are found in every protein
True or False?
True. Beta-sheets are an important secondary structure found in proteins.
They are formed when peptide bonds form between two or more amino acid strands. These strands are then arranged in a parallel or antiparallel fashion to create a sheet-like structure.
The beta-sheet is highly stable and rigid, often used to maintain the overall structure of a protein. It also plays a role in many biologically active molecules, such as enzymes and antibodies, and can interact with other molecules to take part in cellular processes.
The stability and rigidity of the beta-sheet makes it a vital component of proteins, allowing them to function correctly and remain intact.
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If we cross 2 pea plants that are heterozygous green (Gg). Green is dominant. What would the genotype and phenotype result? Create your Punnett square and make the cross. List the genotype (include number of each) and phenotype (number of each)
The genotype and phenotype of a cross between two heterozygous green pea plants are as follows:
Genotype: 1 (GG): 2 (Gg): 1(gg)Phenotype: 3 green: 1 yellowWhat is genotype and phenotype?Genotype refers to the part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism while the phenotype is the appearance of an organism based on genotype.
According to this question, the gene coding for colour in pea plant is involved. Green (G) is dominant over yellow (g).
If two heterozygous green plants are crossed i.e. Gg × Gg, the offsprings produced are as follows:
1 GG2 Gg1 ggThis means that the genotype and phenotype of the cross is as illustrated above.
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true of false, during the relative refractory period, a portion of membrane of a nerve cell is capable of having an action potential but only if the stimulus is unusually strong
True, a portion of a nerve cell's membrane is capable of having an action potential during the relative refractory period, but only if the stimulus is unusually strong.
A second action potential can only be produced during the relative refactory period by a stimulus that is exceptionally strong.
to resume its normal polarized state following an action potential is known as the relative refractory period. The cell is in a hyper-polarized (more negative) state during the relative refractory period. This is brought on by excessive potassium ion efflux (the potassium channels are slightly slower to close).
If there is a strong enough stimulus, the cell might experience an additional action potential in this hyperpolarized state. Normally, if a cell is resting at -70 mV and the action potential threshold is -50 mV, only a 20 mV change is needed to cause an action potential. The cell membrane may be at -90mV during hyperpolarization. Since the threshold is still the same (for example, -50 mV), a change of 40 mV is needed to trigger the second action potential.
Absolute refractory periods are times when the cell cannot have another.
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What provides an acid or basic environment to optimize digestion?
The first phase in the digestion of our meal is the breakdown of proteins into smaller protein fragments, which is made possible by the activation of enzymes in this environment.
The parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid, which has three primary effects: 1) making the mouth a hostile environment for pathogenic microbes, 2) denatures proteins to make them more accessible for pepsin's enzymatic breakdown, and 3) activates the zymogen pepsinogen to its active site. The pH of the stomach is substantially lower than that of any other component of our digestive system, making it a storage area for powerful acids.
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a food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. the treatment is _______
A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. the treatment made the fat less fluid.
The addition of the hydrogen to the unsaturated hydrocarbons in presence of a catalyst like palladium or nickel in order to form saturated hydrocarbons is called hydrogenation.
This process of hydrogenation finds application in industries to convert vegetable oils to the vanaspati ghee. This process is effective when it performed under certain catalytic conditions as well as controlled temperatures which depend on the type of hydrocarbon.
This process basically aims to convert the pi bonds to form sigma bonds, which are way stronger, and make them solid under the atmospheric temperature. Therefore, the process makes the fats less fluid.
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in order for gapdh to be useful for inferring evolutionary relationships among lancelet, lamprey, bass, frog, turtle, and leopard, which statements must be true? select all that apply.
The GAPDH gene must be variable enough that there are at least a few differences among the six taxa.
The GAPDH gene must be conserved enough that the sequences from the six taxa can be aligned for comparison.
What is GAPDH?A member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family is encoded by this gene. The ability of the encoded protein to carry out mechanistically various activities has led to its identification as a moonlighting protein. This gene's product catalyzes the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a key energy-producing step in carbohydrate metabolism (NAD). It has also been discovered that the encoded protein exhibits uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Additionally, this protein contains a peptide that fights against C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. Studies of a related mouse protein have shown a number of additional roles, including the nitrosylation of nuclear proteins.
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Contains follicular cells that produce hormones to increase the basal metabolic rate is _______
Contains follicular cells that produce hormones to increase the basal metabolic rate is thyroid gland .
What is thyroid gland ?
A butterfly-shaped gland called the thyroid can be found in the neck, immediately below the larynx (voice box). Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which boost basal metabolic rate and manage how much energy the body uses, are two hormones it generates that control the body's metabolism. The hormone calcitonin, which aids in controlling the levels of calcium in the blood, is also produced by the thyroid gland. Conditions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can result from a thyroid hormone imbalance.
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What part of the cytoskeleton involved in cellular movement?
Cytoskeletal filaments helps in the basic cell movement.
Structure known as cilia and flagella present in eukaryotes have their movement by the help of microtubules that slides along each other. As a result ,the cross sections of the tail-like cellular structure also show the organization of microtubules.
Microtubules also assemble with the help of polymerization of α- and β-dimers of tubulin. They act as a major player in the process of intracellular transport and also the cell division. Their attachment at the ends of microtubules forms a cellular arrangements causing the microtubules to expand and contract, as a result in pulling and pushing of structures around the cell.
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true or false: oxygenated blood (blood high in oxygen) and deoxygenated blood (blood low in oxygen) mix together in the heart. the heart then pumps this blood throughout the body.
Oxygenated blood (blood high in oxygen) and deoxygenated blood (blood low in oxygen) mix together in the heart. the heart then pumps this blood throughout the body. This statement is true for fishes but false for humans.
False. Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood do not mix together in the heart. Instead, they are kept separate in a circulatory system that is divided into two distinct pathways: the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.
Oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. From there, it is pumped into the left ventricle and then into the systemic circulation, where it is carried to the rest of the body to deliver oxygen to the tissues.
Deoxygenated blood, on the other hand, is carried from the body to the heart via the systemic veins and enters the right atrium. From there, it is pumped into the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary circulation, where it is carried to the lungs to be re-oxygenated.
The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart ensures that the body's tissues receive a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood, while deoxygenated blood is quickly transported back to the lungs for re-oxygenation.
True. In most fish, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do mix together in the heart and are then pumped throughout the body. This is because fish have a single circulatory system, as opposed to the double circulatory system found in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
In a single circulatory system, the heart pumps a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to the rest of the body. This type of circulatory system is efficient in fish, as they have lower metabolic demands than other animals and do not require a separate pathway for oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
However, some species of fish, such as some species of lampreys and cartilaginous fish, have a two-chambered heart and a partially divided circulatory system, which provides a higher degree of separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This is an intermediate stage between the single circulatory system found in most fish and the double circulatory system found in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
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heart rate is increased by the release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream. this is an example of
The increase of heart rate by the release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream is an example of endocrine control.
Epinephrine is also known by the name adrenaline that acts as a hormone as well as a neurotransmitter. The adrenal gland secretes it as a hormone. It is also used as a medication for the treatment of allergic reactions. Epinephrine is excitatory in nature.
Adrenal glands are the small triangular glands present at the top of the kidneys. These are very essential as they secrete hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. The two main hormones produced by adrenal glands are: epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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I hate biology please help
Answer:
the answer is "UGCAUUGCUA"
active transport processes: active transport processes: move solutes through the phospholipid bilayer without the use of integral proteins. move solutes from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. move solutes with or along their concentration gradients. require cells to expend energy (atp).
require cells to expend energy (ATP). Through the utilisation of cellular energy, active transport involves the movement of molecules across a cell membrane.
Passive transport, which uses just kinetic energy to move the molecules, is an alternative to active transport. A phospholipid membrane can be penetrated by molecules in three different ways. Passive transport is the first method, which uses no energy from the cell. The second method is known as active transport and calls for the cell to expend energy to draw or expel certain molecules and ions. Molecules must be moved using external energy from an area of lower concentration to a region of greater concentration during a process known as "active transport," which requires doing so in the face of a gradient or other obstruction.
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