During RNA processing, the introns are cut out before the mRNA leaves the nucleus.
The option b is the correct option.
RNA processing is the term which is used collectively in order to describe the sequence of events due to which the primary transcript from a particular gene acquires its mature form. Soon after the synthesis by RNA polymerase II begins, the transcripts from the nuclear protein-coding genes happen to acquire a 5′ cap structure.
The introns get removed from primary transcripts by a process of cleavage which occurs at conserved sequences called splice sites. These introns must be removed before the given mRNA is sent out of the nucleus of the cell so it can be used to direct protein synthesis. This process of removing the introns from the transcript and then rejoining the coding sections or the exons, of the mRNA, is known as splicing.
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the more specific a drug is for a certain type, the more specific the therapeutic actions of the drug and the fewer the side effects. group of answer choices target cell receptor hormone ligand neurotransmitter
Option 4 is Correct. The term "neurotransmitter" refers to a medicine whose therapeutic benefits are more focused on a particular type and which has fewer negative effects.
For instance, a selective medicine would be able to distinguish between different cell populations and hence only affect one of them, causing an event. The ability of a medicine to elicit a specific activity in a population will be referred to as specificity, a phrase that is frequently mistaken with selectivity.
The term "specificity" should be used to describe a drug's capacity to distinguish between harmful and beneficial interactions as well as its capacity to recognize a target receptor of interest. To put it another way, the drug should bind the target receptor with the proper affinity or not at all.
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Correct Question:
The more specific a drug is for a certain type, the more specific the therapeutic actions of the drug and the fewer the side effects. group of answer choices
1. target cell
2. receptor
3. hormone ligand
4. neurotransmitter
the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number of ___ electrons that it possesses.
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number of valence electrons that it possesses.
The outermost shell of a particular atom is also known as the valence shell and the electrons which are present in this outermost or the valence shell of an atom are known as the valence electrons. These valence electrons determine the chemical behavior of an atom as they are able to dictate the number of atoms to which a particular atom can bind.
For example, magnesium has the atomic number 12 and hence its electronic configuration can be written as 2,8,2. Since it has 2 electrons in its outermost shell, its valency is two which means it can readily lose two electrons to form a magnesium ion (Mg²⁺).
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Where are fungal infections common on the body?
Although fungi (plural of fungus) can cause infections in many other parts of your body, including your mouth, throat, lungs, and urinary tract, fungus infections are most frequently found on your skin or nails.
Where on the body are fungal infections most likely to occur?By dispersing spores, fungi can proliferate. These spores can be breathed or taken up through direct touch. This is why your skin, nails, and lungs are the areas where fungal infections are most likely to occur. Additionally, fungi can enter your skin and infect your entire body.
What sets off skin fungus?In warm, humid settings, fungi frequently flourish. Skin infections are more likely when wearing moist or humid clothing. Bacteria could enter the skin's deeper layers if there is a break or cut in the skin.
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is a steroid closely related to cortisol that is given as a medication to reduce inflammation and as a treatment for arthritis.
Cortisol is a type of steroid i.e.glucocorticoids. steroids are anti-inflammatory agents as they inhibit the formation of inflammatory agents. Steroids inhibit phospholipase 2 which forms arachidonic acid from phospholipids.
Arachidonic acid forms inflammatory agents like prostaglandins, thromboxaneA2, and leukotrienes with help of enzymes COX and Lox Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid medication that is frequently administered to treat autoimmune illnesses like arthritis and inflammatory problems. It functions by imitating the activities of cortisol, an adrenal hormone that aids in controlling the body's inflammatory response. Prednisone lowers inflammation, discomfort, and swelling by suppressing the immune system. Additionally, it lessens the frequency of flare-ups and may lessen the risk of joint injury. Although it can also be administered as an injection or cream, it is typically taken orally. Weight gain, an increase in hunger, sleeplessness, and an increased risk of infection are all potential side effects of prednisone. So, before beginning a treatment regimen,
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5.what did darwin personally experience and see in its aftermath that convinced him his idea of how the oyster shells got to be over two miles above sea level was correct?
Darwin saw raised beaches and evolution observed marine fossils, such as oyster shells, high above sea level on mountains in South America. This convinced him that the Earth's surface had been raised
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection was based on his observations and experiences during his voyage on the HMS Beagle. He saw evidence of different species in different regions, some extinct species, and observed how species change and oyster shells adapt to their environment. The fossilized oyster shells he found over two miles above sea level convinced him that the area was once a shallow ocean, and the uplift of the land caused the shells to be in their current location. Darwin provided evidence for his theory of evolution by natural selection, as it showed that species can change over time as a result of their environment.
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Describe one role for proteins in the transcription process
The genetic information stored in DNA is a living archive of instructions that cells use to accomplish the functions of life.
What is Transcription Process?Inside each cell, catalysts seek out the appropriate information from this archive and use it to build new proteins — proteins that make up the structures of the cell, run the biochemical reactions in the cell, and are sometimes manufactured for export.
Although all of the cells that make up a multicellular organism contain identical genetic information, functionally different cells within the organism use different sets of catalysts to express only specific portions of these instructions to accomplish the functions of life.
The accuracy of these copies determines the health and inherited features of the nascent cells, so it is essential that the process of DNA replication.
Therefore, The genetic information stored in DNA is a living archive of instructions that cells use to accomplish the functions of life.
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Describe a major innovation in body plan that first occurred in roundworms.
A major innovation in body plan that first occurred in roundworms was the development of a tube-within-a-tube body design that allows for the specialization of different regions such as digestion and circulation, etc.
What is the significance of the roundworm?They have an improved efficiency and increased complexity of anatomy and physiology, and due to their unique body pattern, they are highly used in soil ecology, nutrient cycling, and bioremediation.
Hence, a major innovation in body plan that first occurred in roundworms was the development of a tube-within-a-tube body design that allows for the specialization of different regions such as digestion and circulation, etc.
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The south celestial pole and the north celestial pole lie in the sky directly above the _____
Directly above the South and North Poles of the Earth, respectively, are the North celestial equator and South celestial equator, respectively.
Directly above the North and South Poles of Earth, respectively, are two places in space known as the North and South Celestial Poles. All other stars seem to revolve around these points, which are fixed in the sky. While the South Celestial Pole is close to the constellation of Octans, the North Celestial Pole is situated close to Polaris, the North Star. In order to measure the positions of stars and other celestial objects in the night sky, as well as to use them as reference points for celestial navigation, they are used.
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QUICK!! Answer correctly
What type of organism converts light energy from the Sun into chemical energy?
OA) a detritivore
B) a photoautotroph
OC) a chemoautotroph
OD) a heterotroph
Answer:
A photoautotoph is an organism which converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
Explanation:
Energy which is stored in the chemical bonds of chemical compounds is called chemical energy.Chemical energy is released during the occurrence of chemical reaction.Reactions wherein energy is given out in the form of heat is called exothermic reactions.
Chemical energy can be converted to other forms of energy like electrical energy during the process of electrolysis and to thermal energy as in the case of thermal engines.
It can also be converted to kinetic energy during explosions . It is stored in batteries, coal, biomass, food, vehicle air bags,etc.Digestion of food is also an example of conversion of chemical energy .It is utilized during the process of photosynthesis.
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6. how does the sequence of nucleotides in dna correspond to a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?
The sequence of nucleotides contained in the messenger RNA (mRNA) is "translated" during the process of translation into the sequence of amino acids included in a polypeptide (protein chain).
During the process of transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is literally "rewritten" in RNA. In order for RNA to be converted into messenger RNA, also known as mRNA, in eukaryotic cells, additional processing steps are required.
The DNA sequence of a gene, which is analogous to the order of words in a sentence, is what defines the amino acid sequence of the protein that the gene produces. In the portion of a gene that is responsible for encoding proteins, the DNA sequence is interpreted in codons, which are groups of three nucleotide bases. A single amino acid is designated by a particular codon in a protein.
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a sample for blood urea nitrogen (bun) using the urease methodology and is drawn into a sodium fluoride (nafl) tube. what effect will this have on the assay?
The urease test usually determines the ability of an organism that splits urea, by producing the enzyme urease.
The product of the decarboxylation of amino acids is Urea. By hydrolysis, urea produces ammonia and CO₂. The formation of ammonia helps to alkalinize the medium, and then the pH shift is detected by the color change of phenol red from light orange (pH 6.8) to magenta (pink) (pH 8.1). This is done by rapid urease-positive organisms to turn the entire medium pink within 24 hours. The rapid urease test (RU) is a confirmatory test for diagnosing the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the urine sample. The rapid urease test is also popularly known as the CLO test (Campylobacter-like organism test). The CLO test usually uses a procedure called gastric endoscopy and biopsy in order to collect various cells from the lining of the stomach. There is a common non-invasive test to detect Helicobacter pylori also based on urease activity known as the Urea breath test. It is done by the patient by ingesting radioactively labeled Urea (either radioactive carbon-14 or non-radioactive carbon-13). If the infection is positive, then the urease produced by Helicobacter pylori hydrolyzes the urea to form ammonia and then it is labeled bicarbonate that is exhaled as CO₂. Then the labeled CO₂ can be detected either by a scintillation counter (Carbon-14) and an isotope ratio mass spectrometry or by mass correlation spectrometry (Carbon-13).
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The transparent convering of the epidemic of leaves is?
The transparent convering of the epidemic of leaves is epidermis
What names are given to the plants?
The word "plant" is used to describe a wide variety of living things, all of which belong to the kingdom Plantae. A large kingdom with about 300,000 species is called Plantae. The word "plant" is used to describe a wide variety of living things, all of which belong to the kingdom Plantae and share a number of characteristics.
What is a renowned plant?
Bamboo is among the best plants grown worldwide. Plants are all around us, and as a species, we have a long relationship with them.
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The all-or-nothing principle maintains that once the electrical impulse reaches a _____, the impulse will fire.
Answer:
threshold
Explanation:
Threshold is the level that the signal has to hit for it to fire. If signal is not exact, then it WILL NOT fire. That's why its all or nothing.
As the basic units of life, cells are living systems that carry out all of the functions needed to sustain life. which process is common to all cells?
Answer:
Explanation:
Metabolism is a process that is common to all cells.
primary cell-mediated disorders of the immune system cause severe problems with infections. children with these disorders rarely survive beyond childhood without a bone marrow transplant. which condition is a disease that involves primary cell-mediated disorders of the immune system?
The condition disease that involves primary cell-mediated disorders of the immune system is DiGeorge Syndrome.
In generаl, persons with cell-mediаted immunodeficiency disorders hаve infections or other clinicаl problems thаt аre more severe thаn аntibody disorders. Children with defects in this brаnch of the immune response rаrely survive beyond infаncy or childhood unless immunologic reconstitution is аchieved through bone mаrrow trаnsplаntаtion.
In DiGeorge syndrome children who survive the immediаte neonаtаl period mаy hаve recurrent or chronic infections becаuse of impаired T-cell immunity. Children аlso mаy hаve аn аbsence of immunoglobulin production, cаused by а lаck of helper T-cell function. The X-linked immunodeficiency of hyper-IgM, аlso known аs hyper-IgM syndrome, is chаrаcterized by low IgG аnd IgА levels with normаl, or more frequently, high IgM concentrаtions. X-linked аgаmmаglobulinemiа is а primаry humerаl immunodeficiency disorder. Y-linked аgаmmаglobulinemiа does not exist.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your options were
A. DiGeorge syndrome
B. Y-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
C. X-linked agammaglobuinemia
D. Y-linked agammaglobulinemia
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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protein that forms the hair discussed in the passage is considered structural protein. functional proteins, such as enzymes, are the other major class. which of the following is expected in a biological reaction?i. faster rate than non-enzymatic reactionii. enzymatic coupling to hydrolysis reactionsiii. more product generation relative to amount of reactant than non-enzymatic reaction at equilibrium.
The options that are expected in a biological reaction by functional protein enzymes are: (i) faster rate than non-enzymatic reaction (ii) enzymatic coupling to hydrolysis reactions.
Enzymes are the proteinaceous components that enhance the rate of chemical reactions inside the living body. The enzymes do so by lowering down the activation energy required to begin any chemical reaction. Enzymes are required for each and every process inside the body like digestion, respiration, etc.
Hydrolysis reactions are the reactions in which the breakdown of large components occurs into two or more smaller components and water is used as a reactant in the process.
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I am not sure how to identify this and please help me delete a post in brainly I Know you can't but if possible somehow let me know and I really need this science ASAP!
An element is a single substance that cannot be divided again, for example, oxygen (O₂), a compound is a combination of various elements that have a certain ratio, for example, water vapor (H₂O), and a mixture is a combination of various elements whose ratio is unstable, for example, sugar solution.
In diagram number 3 it is said to be a pure substance because it represents the element oxygen. The shape of the particles is uniform and the same.Diagram number 4 is a heterogeneous compound because the combined particles are white and black and only white is present.Diagrams 1, 2, and 4 are said to be compounds because they consist of two different elements, namely white and black.Learn more about compound and element at https://brainly.com/question/26487468
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Which factor(s) can prevent permanent fixation of an allele (i.e. maintain genetic diversity)?a. Genetic driftb. Gene flowc. Natural selectiond. Mutation
Only two processes—immigration or chance mutations that result in the emergence of new alleles—can cause a fixed allele to become unfixed.
What elements support genetic diversity?genetic diversity factors. Four processes that govern evolution—mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection—have an impact on genetic diversity. However, only mutations can lead to completely new alleles.
Does genetic diversity suffer from allele fixation?Single alleles will gradually spread through a population if there is little genetic diversity due to a low fixation probability and a quick fixation time. A population's number of segregating alleles will often rise if the fixation probability or fixation duration is high, enhancing genetic diversity.
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the process involving microspore division and a tough wall to protect the gametophyte leads to the production of what end product?
The process involving microspore division and a tough wall to protect the gametophyte leads to the production of: pollen.
Gametophyte is one of the stages of life-cycle in the multicellular organisms that follow alternation of generations. It is a haploid sexual stage that leads to the generation of a haploid spore or the gametes.
Pollen is the microsporic structure formed by the male part of the flowers. These are divided into a vegetative and a reproductive cell on the inside. The outer wall of the pollens is made up of protective covering. The pollen consists of the male gametic nucleus.
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procedures that are directed toward correcting or eliminating deformities associated with the gingiva or alveolar mucosa with the goal of surgery to approve appearance and function: group of answer choices a) periodontal flap surgery b) periodontal plastic surgery c) guided tissue regeneration d) bone replacement graft
b) periodontal plastic surgery. It refers to a group of surgical procedures aimed at correcting or eliminating deformities in the gingiva (gums) and/or alveolar mucosa (the tissue that lines the jawbone) with the goal of improving appearance and function.
These procedures typically involve the reshaping, repositioning, or grafting of gum tissue to improve the aesthetics of the smile or to treat functional issues such as uneven gum lines or gum recession.
Key points:
It is typically performed by a periodontist, a dental specialist who focuses on the treatment of gum disease and the supporting structures of the teeth.It may involve procedures such as crown lengthening (adjusting the gum line to expose more of the tooth), gingival grafting (using tissue from another part of the mouth to rebuild the gum tissue), or soft tissue augmentation (using materials such as artificial grafts or connective tissue to build up the gum tissue).The goal of periodontal plastic surgery is to improve the appearance of the smile and to restore healthy, functional gum tissue to support the teeth.It can also help to reduce the risk of further gum recession or other problems associated with gum disease.Learn more about gum disease here:
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White tailed deer begin their reproductive cycle in the fall. Rising testosterone levels inmale white tailed deer cause them to start their breeding season around the sametime. Offspring are born the following spring and summer.What is the most likely explanation for the white-tailed deer having a seasonalbreeding cycle instead of a monthly breeding cycle?
White-tailed deer should give birth inside the spring and summer, which would account for their annual breeding cycle.
What kind of training is that?The Aberdeen Angus breed of cattle is an instance of real breeding. The fact that the cattle have indeed been black for several centuries is proof that a characteristic that has been handed down over many generations is still pure. Another illustration is when two dogs belonging to the same breed mate.
What in psychology is trying to breed?By. Training plants and animals to generate progeny with specified genetic qualities or to create a creature possessing those genetic traits, usually for science research. Selective breeding is a strategy used to develop particular traits in an organism.
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out of the absorptive cells shown, which one has the highest concentration gradient across the membrane and will absorb the most water? the ovals represent the absorptive cells, and the density of shading reflects the concentration of solutes.
Among the absorptive cells which are shown, cell A will have the highest concentration gradient across the membrane and will also absorb the most amount of water.
Absorptive cells which are also known as the enterocytes, are the predominant epithelial cell type found in the lining of the lumen of the small intestine as well as the colon. These cells are specialized in the absorption of nutrients across the apical plasma membrane and also involved in the export of these same nutrients right across the basal plasma membrane.
In the given cells, the ovals represent the absorptive cells and the density of the shading represents the concentration of the solutes. Cell A has a dark blue color and represents the cell which will have the highest concentration gradient across the membrane and will also absorb the most amount of water.
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the physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system is called question 7 options: a) readiness. b) mobility. c) heredity. d) maturation.
The term "maturation" refers to the physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system.
The body goes through a lot of physical and psychological changes during this stage.A person's actions, understanding, and capacity for decision-making all improve with time.One encounters it repeatedly over the course of their lifetime.Mobility refers to the capacity for movement, while Heredity refers to the traits one inherits from one's parents at birth.Being ready means being ready at all times to handle any situation.
A living thing goes through a process known as maturation as it ages, develops, and becomes fully formed on all levels—mentally, physically, and emotionally.
The process by which we change and mature over the course of our lives is known as maturation. the process of maturing mentally, emotionally, and physically. All living things, including plants, animals, etc., develop through maturation.
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when atp is hydrolyzed into adp and inorganic phosphate, _____.
When ATP is being hydrolyzed into the ADP and in as a inorganic phosphate energy is released from the reaction.
ATP( adenosine triphosphate) is an important patch set up in all living cells and is the main energy currency of the cell. It's made of adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups. The motes hydrolyze, meaning they break piecemeal, when a phosphate group is removed from the patch. This process is called hydrolysis and releases energy
That the cell can use to carry out its functions. When ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP( adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, the energy stored in the bond between the two phosphate groups is released. This energy can be used for a variety of natural processes, similar as muscle compression, active transport and metabolic responses.
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in competitive inhibition, an inhibitor: group of answer choices binds at several different sites on an enzyme. binds covalently to the enzyme. binds only to the es complex. binds reversibly at the active site. lowers the characteristic vmax of the enzyme.
The correct option is (D). A) In competitive inhibition, an inhibitor looks similar to an enzyme's substrate. The enzyme's substrate is in competition with the competitive inhibitor, which only binds to an enzyme's active site. It doesn't bind to many enzyme sites simultaneously.
Usually, enzymes or the group of proteins is significantly bigger than their substrates. The monomer of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase only comprises 62 amino acid residues, in contrast to the nearly 2,500 residues of human fatty acid synthase. The catalytic region, which performs the real catalysis, only takes up a little fraction of their structure, or about 2-4 amino acids. These binding sites where residues orient the substrates are close to these catalytic sites. The enzyme's active site is made up of the binding and catalytic sites all-together. By using of the majority of these surviving enzyme structure, the precise alignment and kinetics of the active site are retained.
The complete question is:
In competitive inhibition, an inhibitor:
group of answer choices-
A) binds at several different sites on an enzyme.
B) binds covalently to the enzyme.
C) binds only to the es complex.
D) binds reversibly at the active site.
E) lowers the characteristic vmax of the enzyme.
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which of the following is not considered an essential nutrient? group of answer choices carbohydrates proteins water phytochemicals fats
water is not considered an essential nutrient.
Water is an essential component of the human diet, but it is not considered an essential nutrient in the traditional sense. Essential nutrients are defined as those compounds that the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts and must be obtained from the diet. These essential nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Water, on the other hand, does not provide the body with any essential nutrients, but it is essential for maintaining hydration and facilitating the functions of the body's cells and organs. Water helps regulate body temperature, lubricates joints, and transports nutrients and waste products throughout the body. While water is not considered an essential nutrient, it is still important to consume adequate amounts to maintain health and well-being. The amount of water needed can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, activity level, and the environment. Most health organizations recommend that adults consume at least eight glasses of water per day to stay hydrated.
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Your friend has, in her aquarium, a single pet Marmorkreb- a type of crayfish. Her pet laid eggs which developed into mature offspring. Your friend thinks that all organisms require two parents for successful reproduction. Critique your friend's argument.
Answer:
Not all animals need to have another mate. Having only one parent is called Asexual reproduction.
Explanation:
Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent. The new individuals produced are genetically and physically identical to each other, i.e., they are the clones of their parents. Asexual reproduction is observed in both multicellular and unicellular organisms.
The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the?
Answer:
Nucleus
Explanation:
The Nucleus is the organelle that holds all of the genetic materiel in a eukaryotic cell.
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each individual has a specific energy need to achieve optimal body function. once this energy need is met, what will the body do with any excess protein consumed?
When an individual's energy needs are met, any excess protein that is consumed will not be used immediately for energy.
Instead, the body will store the excess amino acids in the form of glycogen or convert them into fat. The body can also use excess protein for building and repairing tissues, such as muscles and bones, but only if there is a need for it.
If there is no need for tissue repair or growth, and the individual's energy needs are already met, the excess protein will simply be excreted from the body through urine. It's important to note that consuming excessive amounts of protein can put stress on the kidneys and liver, leading to potential health issues.
Therefore, it's important to consume a balanced diet that meets the individual's energy needs and provides the necessary amounts of protein, carbohydrates, and fats.
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which statement about obesity is most consistent with the epidemiologists' argument in the second paragraph?
The epidemiologists' claim in the second paragraph is that as people get progressively bigger, prevailing attitudes and views about what constitutes a healthy weight are shifting.
The definition of overweight and obesity is "abnormal or excessive fat buildup that provides a risk to health." Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) over 25, and obesity as having a BMI over 30.
In general, eating too much and moving too little leads to obesity. When you consume a lot of energy—especially fat and sugar—without exercising or engaging in other physical activity, the body will retain a large portion of the excess energy as fat.
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