The function of the vertebral curves is to accommodate the weight of the pelvic girdle.
What are Vertebral Curves?
Vertebral Curves are the curvature present in the vertebral column that has important functions. The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is made up of a number of bones called vertebrae that are stacked on top of one another and joined by cartilaginous intervertebral discs to form a column. Based on the structure and placement of the vertebrae, it is split into five zones to construct the skeleton of the neck and back. The four typical curves are formed by the vertebrae's placement within the vertebral column.
The vertebral column plays a significant role in body posture and movement since it is very flexible and capable of a variety of motions and movements, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation.
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this organism is unicellular, eukaryotic organism. this organism lives in fresh water and can be viewed using a microscope. it often reproduced asexually by budding and has no cell walls, and obtains energy by eating other organisms. into what kingdom would you classify this organism?
Based on the description provided, it sounds like this organism is most likely a protozoan, which would classify it in the Kingdom Protista.
Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that can be found in a variety of habitats, including freshwater. They can be observed using a microscope and have a variety of reproduction methods, including asexual reproduction by budding.
Some species of protozoa are heterotrophic and feed on other organisms to obtain energy, while others are autotrophic and produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Protists are typically classified based on their morphological characteristics, such as their mode of motility and type of nutrition.
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heart rate is increased by the release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream. this is an example of
The increase of heart rate by the release of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream is an example of endocrine control.
Epinephrine is also known by the name adrenaline that acts as a hormone as well as a neurotransmitter. The adrenal gland secretes it as a hormone. It is also used as a medication for the treatment of allergic reactions. Epinephrine is excitatory in nature.
Adrenal glands are the small triangular glands present at the top of the kidneys. These are very essential as they secrete hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. The two main hormones produced by adrenal glands are: epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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discuss the importance of understanding the evolution of technologies in the first- to fifth-generation computers. why is this important?
Understanding the evolution of technologies in the first to fifth generation of computers is important because it helps us to appreciate the historical context of technological innovation.
Understanding the evolution of technologies in the first to fifth generation of computers is important because it helps us to appreciate the remarkable advancements that have been made in the field of computing over the past several decades. By studying the historical development of computers, we can gain a deeper understanding of the technological innovations that have shaped the modern world, and appreciate the impact that these advancements have had on our daily lives.
The first generation of computers was characterized by the use of vacuum tubes and magnetic drums for data storage. The second generation saw the introduction of the transistor, which made computers smaller, faster and more reliable. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits, which made computers even more compact and efficient.
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in sutures, the connecting tissue fibers interlace with the ______________ of the articulating bones.
In sutures, the connecting tissue fibers interlace with the periosteum of the articulating bones.
The periosteum is a complex structure made up of an inner cambium layer that has the potential to become osteogenic and an outside fibrous layer that provides structural integrity. It aids in the modeling and elongation of bones during growth and development and aids in the healing of broken bones.
Periosteum covers almost all of your bones. It gives them the blood they require and aids in their growth and healing. The periosteum is what will mend and grow your bone as you recover if you damage or hurt a bone.
An exterior fibrous layer and an interior cambium layer make up the periosteum (or osteogenic layer). While the cambium layer is highly cellular and contains progenitor cells that mature into osteoblasts, the fibrous layer is composed of thick, irregular connective tissue and contains fibroblasts.
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Chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase therefore it is possible for any combination of chromosomes to be passed on from parent to offspring.
a. Law of Dominance
b. Law of Segregation
c. Law of Independent Assortment
d. Polygenic Inherit
The Law of Dominance states that when an organism has two different alleles of a gene only one of the alleles will be expressed and the other will be masked therefore the correct option is A.
For example when a white flower and a red flower are bred together, the seed will have red petals. The Law of Segregation states that when an organism reproduces, the two alleles of a gene separate aimlessly and are passed to different gametes. For illustration, if a flower has red petals.
The two alleles of the gene for color separate and one allele is passed to one gamete and one allele is passed to the other gamete. The Law of Independent Assortment states that the isolation and combination of alleles from one gene are independent from the isolation and combination of alleles from another gene.
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the species name given each kind of organism within a genus is always a . a. proper name b. term based on age c. name based on latin d. term based on size
The right response is a name derived from Latin. Each type of organism within a genus is given a species name that is derived from Latin.
A binomial scientific name's first word, which is always capitalized, is the genus name. The second word is the species name. Rosa, which includes more than 100 species of roses, is one example of a plant genus with numerous species.
Genus, also known as genera, is a biological classification unit that comes after species in the biological hierarchy and is made up of structurally or phylogenetically linked species or a lone isolated species that displays exceptional differentiation (monotypic genus). A binomial scientific name's first word, which is always capitalized, is the genus name. The second word is the species name.
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which group in kingdom protista is responsible for the annual florida red tide? group of answer choices dinoflagellates amoeba spp. rhodophytes chlorophytes rhizaria
Dinoflagellates is group in kingdom protista is responsible for the annual florida red tide.
Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus is referred to as a protist. Protists may have had a common ancestor, but because other eukaryotes are not present, they do not constitute a clade or natural group. As a result, some protists may have a closer relationship with plants, animals, or fungi than they do with other protists. However, the biological category protist is employed for practical reasons, much as the groupings of algae, invertebrates, and protozoans. Others define a protist as any unicellular eukaryotic microbe. Protistology is the study of protozoa. The phylum Dinoflagellata, which consists of the monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes known as dinoflagellates, is frequently thought of as including algae. Although dinoflagellates are mainly found in marine plankton, they are also widespread in freshwater environments.
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what kind of antigens were left out of this video? based on this, list all the actual blood types that exist
There are various types of blood group systems based on different antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. The most well-known and clinically significant blood group systems are the ABO and Rh systems.
What is blood grouping?The ABO blood group system is based on the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells. Blood can be of type A, B, AB, or O, depending on which antigens are present. The Rh system is based on the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. Blood can be Rh-positive or Rh-negative, depending on the presence or absence of this antigen. Apart from the ABO and Rh systems, there are numerous other blood group systems, such as the Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, Lutheran, and Lewis systems, to name a few. Each of these systems has multiple antigens, and their presence or absence determines the blood group.
Hence, there are various types of blood group systems based on different antigens present on the surface of red blood cells. The most well-known and clinically significant blood group systems are the ABO and Rh systems.
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in 1970, the average age of childbearing was 28, and the average number of offspring per woman was 3 in a certain country. in 1980, the average age of childbearing was still 28, but the average number of offspring per woman was 2 in that country. if the death rate in the country remained constant during those years, how did the population growth rate change from 1970 to 1980?
The change in the average number of offspring per woman from 3 in 1970 to 2 in 1980 suggests that the fertility rate decreased. When the fertility rate decreases, the population growth rate will generally decrease as well.
The population growth rate is a measure of the change in a population over time, expressed as a percentage of the initial population. It is calculated by taking into account both the birth rate and the death rate in a population, as well as migration patterns.
In 1970, the average age of childbearing was 28 and the average number of offspring per woman was 3 in a certain country. This suggests that the fertility rate was high, which would generally lead to a higher population growth rate.
However, in 1980, the average number of offspring per woman had decreased to 2, while the average age of childbearing remained the same at 28. This decrease in the fertility rate suggests that the population growth rate would decrease as well.
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explain whether you think judy's family occurrences of breast and ovarian cancers are sporadic, hereditary, or familial. is judy likely to have inherited a brca 1 or brca 2 mutation?
Due to the fact that both men and women in Judy's family have had breast cancer and since there have been no incidences of ovarian cancer, Judy's doctor thinks that the BRCA2 gene may have been mutated.
This theory is supported by the fact that both men and women have developed breast cancer. The doctor believes there may be a mutation in the BRCA2 gene because both men and women are affected and because there are no known occurrences of ovarian cancer. Due to the fact that each person carries two distinct alleles for the BRCA gene, one from each parent, two people can have varied band sizes that may be related to different alleles. Other than BRCA1 and BRCA2, hereditary abnormalities in other genes can also result in breast and ovarian cancer. This indicates that family members in certain families with a history of breast and ovarian cancer may not have mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, but they still may have abnormalities in one of these other genes. Genetic testing employing multigene panels may be used to find these mutations.
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. what is net primary productivity, or npp? are all ecosystems equally productive? where, on the range of npp values for diferent systems/biomes, would loch ness fall?
Net primary productivity can be defined as the gross primary productivity minus the rate of energy which is lost to metabolism and maintenance.
Net primary productivity or NPP can be basically defined as the gross primary productivity minus energy rate which is lost to the metabolism and maintenance. In other words, we can say that it is the rate at which the energy is stored as biomass by the plants or by the other primary producers and is made available to the consumers that are present in the ecosystem.
Net primary productivity differs among various ecosystems and depends on a number of factors like temperature and moisture levels, nutrient availability, solar energy input, carbon dioxide levels, and also the community interaction. The productivity of all ecosystems is not equal. Some ecosystems are more productive as compared to other ecosystems.
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true or false: oxygenated blood (blood high in oxygen) and deoxygenated blood (blood low in oxygen) mix together in the heart. the heart then pumps this blood throughout the body.
Oxygenated blood (blood high in oxygen) and deoxygenated blood (blood low in oxygen) mix together in the heart. the heart then pumps this blood throughout the body. This statement is true for fishes but false for humans.
False. Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood do not mix together in the heart. Instead, they are kept separate in a circulatory system that is divided into two distinct pathways: the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.
Oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. From there, it is pumped into the left ventricle and then into the systemic circulation, where it is carried to the rest of the body to deliver oxygen to the tissues.
Deoxygenated blood, on the other hand, is carried from the body to the heart via the systemic veins and enters the right atrium. From there, it is pumped into the right ventricle and then into the pulmonary circulation, where it is carried to the lungs to be re-oxygenated.
The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart ensures that the body's tissues receive a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood, while deoxygenated blood is quickly transported back to the lungs for re-oxygenation.
True. In most fish, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do mix together in the heart and are then pumped throughout the body. This is because fish have a single circulatory system, as opposed to the double circulatory system found in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
In a single circulatory system, the heart pumps a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to the rest of the body. This type of circulatory system is efficient in fish, as they have lower metabolic demands than other animals and do not require a separate pathway for oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
However, some species of fish, such as some species of lampreys and cartilaginous fish, have a two-chambered heart and a partially divided circulatory system, which provides a higher degree of separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This is an intermediate stage between the single circulatory system found in most fish and the double circulatory system found in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
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where do all tertiary somatic sensory neurons terminate?
In either the brain or spinal cord the ascend rods of main cell are long enough just to decussate to cross to the opposing side. The thalamus, the brain's relay mid where the rods of the primary neurons mostly end.
How do neurons work?Neurons are the fundamental constituents of the nervous system and the brain (also known as neurones or nerve cells). The cells known as neurons are responsible for receiving sensory data from the world, sending commands to our limbs, and converting and relaying electrical impulses at various points along the path.
A neuron: a type of brain cell?The glial cells as well as the neurons are the two main subtypes of brain cells. While the brain's neurons perform the dominant function, glial cells predominate in certain regions of the brain.
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Indicate whether each structure is part of the systemic or pulmonary circuit.
each structure is a component of a pulmonary circuit.
Which is a component of the respiratory circuit?A huge network comprising arteries, veins, & lymphatics called pulmonary circulation transports blood and other bodily fluids between both the heart, its lungs, and the back.They are made to carry out a few particular tasks that are exclusive to human pulmonary circulation, like gas exchange and breathing.
What are the pulmonary circuit's steps?The left atrium is where the pulmonary circulation returns to the heart after traveling from the ventricle to a pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and lungs.
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a food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. the treatment is _______
A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. the treatment made the fat less fluid.
The addition of the hydrogen to the unsaturated hydrocarbons in presence of a catalyst like palladium or nickel in order to form saturated hydrocarbons is called hydrogenation.
This process of hydrogenation finds application in industries to convert vegetable oils to the vanaspati ghee. This process is effective when it performed under certain catalytic conditions as well as controlled temperatures which depend on the type of hydrocarbon.
This process basically aims to convert the pi bonds to form sigma bonds, which are way stronger, and make them solid under the atmospheric temperature. Therefore, the process makes the fats less fluid.
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which structures are homologous? view available hint(s)for part a which structures are homologous? plant leaf and plant root plant leaf and algal blade there are no homologous plant structures. oak leaf and maple leaf
Oak leaf and maple leaf. Anatomically speaking, a homologous structure is one that shares structural traits with an ancestor that shared the same feature.
Due to their apparent similarity in form, function, and behaviour, analogous structures and homologous structures are frequently mistaken for one another. Homology refers to similarity at all levels due to a shared origin (organism, population and species). Genealogs known as homoplasts do not have a common ancestor among species. Homoplasy is resemblance resulting from a shared ancestry at the organism and population levels but not at the species level. Analogous organs have comparable functions, while homologous tissues share a similar embryonic origin.
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over 95% of incoming uv-b radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere.
The given statement "Over 95% of incoming UV-B radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere." true because it is the reason ozone layer depletion in stratosphere.
The stratosphere contains ozone layers that aid in absorbing around 95% of the sun's UV energy and converting them to heat. This is the cause of global warming, which is brought on by the ozone layer's deterioration in the stratosphere.
Between 15 and 30 kilometres above the surface of the earth, the ozone layer protects ourselves and other living creatures from the sun's harmful UV radiation. Researchers discovered data connecting the stratospheric presence of halogen-source chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), to the ozone layer's thinning. Synthetic chemicals known as ozone-depleting substances (ODS) were employed all over the world.
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Over 95% of incoming uv-b radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere. True or false.
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What would be the fate of R7 differentiation in a fly with an inactive sevenless receptor and a constitutively active ras in the progenitor R7 cell?
The fate of R7 differentiation in a fly with an inactive seven less receptor and a constitutively active Ras in the progenitor R7 cell is that the R7 progenitor will differentiate into the R7 neuron.
What does progenitor cell mean?A progenitor cell is a biological cell that has the ability to differentiate into another type of cell. This ability is shared by stem cells and progenitor cells. Stem cells, on the other hand, are less specific than progenitor cells.
Only the "target" cell type can develop from progenitor cells. The most significant distinction between stem cells and progenitor cells is that stem cells may replicate continuously, but progenitor cells can only divide a set number of times. There is an ongoing debate over the precise definition, and the concept is continually changing.
The phrases "progenitor cell" and "stem cell" are occasionally used interchangeably.
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Contains follicular cells that produce hormones to increase the basal metabolic rate is _______
Contains follicular cells that produce hormones to increase the basal metabolic rate is thyroid gland .
What is thyroid gland ?
A butterfly-shaped gland called the thyroid can be found in the neck, immediately below the larynx (voice box). Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which boost basal metabolic rate and manage how much energy the body uses, are two hormones it generates that control the body's metabolism. The hormone calcitonin, which aids in controlling the levels of calcium in the blood, is also produced by the thyroid gland. Conditions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can result from a thyroid hormone imbalance.
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in order for gapdh to be useful for inferring evolutionary relationships among lancelet, lamprey, bass, frog, turtle, and leopard, which statements must be true? select all that apply.
The GAPDH gene must be variable enough that there are at least a few differences among the six taxa.
The GAPDH gene must be conserved enough that the sequences from the six taxa can be aligned for comparison.
What is GAPDH?A member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family is encoded by this gene. The ability of the encoded protein to carry out mechanistically various activities has led to its identification as a moonlighting protein. This gene's product catalyzes the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a key energy-producing step in carbohydrate metabolism (NAD). It has also been discovered that the encoded protein exhibits uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Additionally, this protein contains a peptide that fights against C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. Studies of a related mouse protein have shown a number of additional roles, including the nitrosylation of nuclear proteins.
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What is the relationship between testosterone and sperm production?
The relationship between testosterone and sperm production,Testosterone is a hormone that plays a key role in sperm production.
The main hormone in charge of sperm production is testosterone. It promotes the maturation, transportation, and delivery of sperm as well as its production in the testes. Additionally, it is in charge of controlling the sperm's morphology, concentration, and motility. Additionally, a healthy libido and erections depend on testosterone. By stimulating the Sertoli cells, it promotes the generation of sperm in the testes. Additionally, testosterone is in charge of sperm maturation, ensuring that they are strong and capable of fertilising an egg. Sperm production is hampered by low testosterone levels, which results in infertility.
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in a follow-up experiment, the researcher collects fertilized eggs produced by fish raised in a tank with rapidly moving water and places the eggs into a tank with slowly moving water. the researcher measures the phenotypic traits when the offspring reach the same age as the fish measured in the original experiment. assuming no natural selection occurred over the course of the experiments, predict the phenotypes of the offspring in comparison with the phenotypes of their parents. explain how the results of the original experiment provide evidence of phenotypic plasticity.
Answer:
It’s A
Explanation:
What part of the cytoskeleton involved in cellular movement?
Cytoskeletal filaments helps in the basic cell movement.
Structure known as cilia and flagella present in eukaryotes have their movement by the help of microtubules that slides along each other. As a result ,the cross sections of the tail-like cellular structure also show the organization of microtubules.
Microtubules also assemble with the help of polymerization of α- and β-dimers of tubulin. They act as a major player in the process of intracellular transport and also the cell division. Their attachment at the ends of microtubules forms a cellular arrangements causing the microtubules to expand and contract, as a result in pulling and pushing of structures around the cell.
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active transport processes: active transport processes: move solutes through the phospholipid bilayer without the use of integral proteins. move solutes from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. move solutes with or along their concentration gradients. require cells to expend energy (atp).
require cells to expend energy (ATP). Through the utilisation of cellular energy, active transport involves the movement of molecules across a cell membrane.
Passive transport, which uses just kinetic energy to move the molecules, is an alternative to active transport. A phospholipid membrane can be penetrated by molecules in three different ways. Passive transport is the first method, which uses no energy from the cell. The second method is known as active transport and calls for the cell to expend energy to draw or expel certain molecules and ions. Molecules must be moved using external energy from an area of lower concentration to a region of greater concentration during a process known as "active transport," which requires doing so in the face of a gradient or other obstruction.
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Supposed you are studying a fruit flies DNA and you discover a gene for antenna on a chromosome 2.what word word describe it’s location, and where would it be found in other fruit, fries, DNA?
Their location would be described as being at a particular location on chromosome 2 in relation to the centromere or "on the short arm" of chromosome 2 which is located on chromosome 2 in a fruit fly, that gene will also be on chromosome 2 in other flu flies of the same species.
What is Chromosome?Chromosome is defined as a structure found inside the nucleus of a cell that is made up of DNA organized into proteins and genes. Each cell normally has 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Chromosomes are packaged into thread-like structures where each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled around special proteins called histones.
Thus, their location would be described as being at a particular location on chromosome 2 in relation to the centromere or "on the short arm" of chromosome 2.
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protein complementarity is the practice of combining sources of protein such that amino acid deficiencies in one source are counterbalanced by abundances in another source. True or False?
True. Protein complementarity refers to the practice of combining different sources of protein to ensure that all essential amino acids are consumed in adequate amounts.
What is Protein complementarity?Protein complementarity is the concept of combining different sources of protein to ensure that all essential amino acids are consumed in adequate amounts.
This approach is used in plant-based or vegetarian diets where individual protein sources may be deficient in certain amino acids, but when combined, provide a complete source of essential amino acids. By combining different protein sources, deficiencies in one source can be balanced by excess in another, resulting in a more balanced intake of essential amino acids.
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the composition of proteins is different from that of carbohydrates due to the presence of: group of answer choices carbon. none of these are correct. hydrogen. nitrogen. oxygen.
The composition of proteins is different from that of carbohydrates due to the presence of nitrogen.
Proteins contain nitrogen, in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are also found in carbohydrates. The nitrogen atom in proteins is part of the amino group (-NH2), which is one of the defining features of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. This makes the structure and function of proteins distinct from those of carbohydrates, which are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The presence of nitrogen in proteins allows for a wide range of chemical reactions to occur, enabling proteins to carry out a variety of functions in the body, such as catalyzing metabolic reactions, transporting molecules, and providing structural support.
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what is the name of the protein that travels in the phloem to shoot meristems and interacts with other proteins there to start the process of flower production? a. flowering locus timeb. flowering locus Cc. cyclodead. LEC1 protein
a. flowering locus time is the protein that travels in the phloem to shoot meristems and interacts with other proteins there to start the process of flower production
A systemic signal called florigen encourages bloom of flowers. A conserved FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein from the PEBP family makes up its molecular structure. The floral transition is started by FT, which is expressed in the leaf phloem and transferred to the shoot apical meristem. It is produced in leaves and transferred to the shoot apical meristem (SAM), where it aids in the transition from one floral stage to another.
Florigen, also known as flowering hormone, is hypothesized to be an insulin-like protein particle that regulates or speeds up plants' ability to initiate flowers. These florigens are produced in the leaf and are located in the growth tips and apical meristems of the stem, root, and bud.
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which of the following organ systems can be used as a control center in a homeostatic control system? group of answer choices digestive system nervous system urinary system cardiovascular system
The organ system that can be used as a control center in a homeostatic control system is the nervous system.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
Homeostаsis, in а generаl sense, refers to stаbility, bаlаnce, or equilibrium. Physiologicаlly, it is the body’s аttempt to mаintаin а constаnt аnd bаlаnced internаl environment, which requires persistent monitoring аnd аdjustments аs conditions chаnge. Аdjustment of physiologicаl systems within the body is cаlled homeostаtic regulаtion, which involves three pаrts or mechаnisms: the receptor, the control center, and the effector. Homeostаsis is controlled by the nervous аnd endocrine system of mаmmаls.
Your options aren't well arranged, but most probably your options were
A. digestive system
B. nervous system
C. urinary system
D. cardiovascular system
Thus, B is the correct answer.
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This organelle is like cell highway. It can be found in both plant and animal cells. This organelle has passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
ET
Golgi Bodies
Nucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum is like cell highway. It can be found in both plant and animal cells. This organelle has passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
A network of membranes that connects the nucleus to every cell in the body is known as the endoplasmic reticulum. Protein is processed, packaged, and exported by the endoplasmic reticulum. It is a crucial step in the protein sorting process, which also involves labelling proteins with amino acids and folding proteins correctly. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum are the two forms of ER. Because it has ribosomes on its surface, the rough endoplasmic reticulum produces protein, whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces phospholipids.
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