The microscope is inexpensive and easy to use is an advantage of electron microscopy. High resolution images of both biological and non-biological specimens can be obtained using the electron microscopy (EM) technique. In order to fully understand the structure of tissues, cells, organelles, and macromolecular complexes, it is employed in biomedical research.
There are various kinds of electron microscopes, such as the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the reflection electron microscope (REM.). Magnification and better resolution are possible thanks to the utilization of electrons as opposed to light waves, allowing for the analysis of structures that would otherwise be invisible.
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A client having an allergic reaction to mold, describes chest tightness and difficulty breathing. which process is occurring?
A customer who is allergic to mold reports chest tightness and difficulties breathing process is occurring Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi.
What is the breathing process?When you breathe in (inhale), air enters your lungs, and the oxygen in that breath flows to your blood. At the same time, a waste gas termed carbon dioxide moves from your blood to your lungs and is expelled (breathed out).. Gas exchange is a procedure that is vital to life.
Which four breathing steps are there?The simple movements of inhaling and exhaling are only a small portion of the intricate process of respiration, which consists of the following four steps:
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What makes up the organic matrix component of bone?
a. minerals and cells only
b. type i collagen and noncollagenous proteins
c. cells and collagen only
d. cells only
Type I collagen and non collagenous proteins makes up the organic matrix component of bone.
Which components make up the matrix of bone?The material found between cells in bone tissue is called bone matrix. The matrix of bones is composed of both organic and inorganic elements. Collagen makes up the majority of the organic component of the bone matrix. The bone matrix is composed of 67% inorganic material, primarily calcium phosphate crystals called hydroxyapatite.
What produces organic bone matrix?However, collagen is the main organic component. The osteoblasts and osteocytes that release type I collagen are responsible for around 90% of the organic component of the bone matrix. Collagen and calcium phosphate, which are the two main components of bone, set it apart from other hard tissues like chitin, enamel, and shell.
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Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to ________ sounds.
Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to low-pitched sounds.
Hair cells are the sensory cells of the ear. These receive the stimulus in the form of sounds and then convert it into electrical signals to be transmitted to the brain. They are called hair cells because they appear as hair-like ciliated structures.
Low-pitched sound is the one generated due to low frequency of the sound waves. It is also known as the Hoarse sound. The example of low pitched sounds are: thunder, roaring of lion, ringing of bell, etc. A low-pitches sound is said to be deep.
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in fermentation, the only atp produced was during glycolysis and the fermentation reactions usually result in resetting the nadh to nad.
It is true that in fermentation, the only ATP produced was during glycolysis and the fermentation reactions usually result in resetting the NADH to NAD.
Fermentation is the process of breakdown of sugars to yield lactic acid or alcohol, along with some energy. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen and the by-products of the reactions are heat and an effervescence of CO₂. Fermentation commonly occurs with the help of yeasts.
Glycolysis is the process of breakdown to sugar to yield pyruvate. it occurs without the help of oxygen and is common process in both aerobes as well as anaerobes. The net gain of energy from glycolysis is of 2 ATPs and 2 NADH molecules.
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The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its _____. ionic potential tonicity covalency electronegativity polarity
The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its "electronegativity" .
An atom's electronegativity gets higher as you move to the right in the periodic table. An atom's electronegativity gets higher as you move up in the periodic table. Thus, the atoms in the top right have the highest electronegativities and the atoms in the bottom left have the lowest ones
The ability of an atom or functional group to draw electrons to itself is known as an electronegativity in chemistry. An atom's electronegativity is influenced by simultaneously its atomic number and the separation between its charged nucleus and valence electrons.
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The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences. This occurs because.
(D) in highly diverged lineages, substitutions will occur at sites that have been substituted previously is the reason why the molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of dna sequences.
The frequency of a molecular clock represents the quantity of alterations or mutations that have occurred in a lineage of organisms' DNA or protein sequences. It can be used to estimate the historical moment at when two lineages separated from one another.
However, modifications may occur more than once for a particular site in highly divergent lineages (i.e., those lineages that were divided extremely far back in evolutionary time). As a result, and in part because of the saturation of DNA sequences, it won't be useful for estimating divergence periods among species.
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Question correction:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because
A. DNA sequences are unable to revert back to previous allelic states.
B. the variation in the substitution rate between closely related lineages prevents accurate estimation of divergence time.
C. variation in population sizes among lineages changes the effect of genetic drift.
D. in highly diverged lineages, substitutions will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Answer:
The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.
Explanation:
The mutation rate is used by the molecular clock to shorten the ancient period during which living forms separated. Both amino acid sequences plus DNA's nucleotide sequences are used by the molecular clock.
Only the percentage of mutations as well as other modifications over a predetermined period of time are recorded by this clock. Frequently, a property's usefulness may be restricted by the lineages' extreme diversity. The researchers come to the conclusion that molecular clocks are significantly so "erratic" comparatively previously believed, making them essentially worthless for maintaining precise evolutionary time. They blame natural selection's biases, which can occasionally prevent particular genetic mutations in particular lineages.
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Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus in very poor control would most likely be indicated by ________.
Answer:
Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus in very poor control would most likely be indicated by polyuria.
Explanation:
An uncommon condition called diabetes insipidus makes the body produce excessive amounts of urine. Individuals who have diabetes insipidus can produce as much as 20 quarts of pee each day, compared to the average person's 1 to 3 quarts. The above condition, known as polyuria, causes individuals to regularly have to urinate. They could also have polydipsia, which is characterised by persistent thirst and excessive hydration.
Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus are not the same. Despite the fact that both illnesses might make a person thirstier and urinate more frequently, they are unrelated.
The blood sugar, commonly known as glucose, is just too high if one have diabetes mellitus. By letting the additional glucose travel through the urine, the kidneys attempt to eliminate it.
The blood sugar levels are acceptable if you have diabetes insipidus, while the kidneys struggle to effectively concentrate urine.
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In eukaryotes, the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, nuclear envelope, and plasma membrane form a network of membranes called the:_________
According to the research, the correct option is endomembrane system. In eukaryotes, the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, nuclear envelope, and plasma membrane form a network of membranes called the endomembrane system.
What is endomembrane system?It is the set of internal membranes that divides the cell into compartments formed by ER, Golgi complex, endosomes, lysosomes and nuclear envelope, all these organelles are members of the same family and communicate intensely with each other and with the outside of the cell via transport vesicles.
In this sense, it makes it possible to compartmentalize its interior, creating different spaces in which reactions can be carried out, participating in the production of cytoplasmic organelles.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is endomembrane system. In eukaryotes, the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, nuclear envelope, and plasma membrane form a network of membranes called the endomembrane system.
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How do electrostatic interactions contribute to the free enrgy of hydrolysis of atp?
Answer:
Electrostatic repulsion destabilizes ATP relative to the hydrolysis products and therefore makes hydrolysis favorable.
Explanation:
Whenever in contact with water, the highly unstable molecule of ATP hydrolyzes into ADP as well as inorganic phosphate. Those two high-energy containing phosphate bonds inside this molecule are what give it its high energy. When the high-energy containing phosphoanhydride bonds within the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are broken, like inside the muscles, energy that had previously been deposited in these bonds is freed through the catabolism method known as ATP hydrolysis. The amount of energy should always be entered into ATP synthesis because ATP hydrolysis radiates. An endergonic mechanism is a phosphorylation, or perhaps the condensing of phosphate groups into AMP. Energy is required for a variety of vital biological and cellular functions, including ATP hydrolysis.
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Which hormone elevations indicate turner syndrome? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
Lutropin and Follitropin hormone elevations indicate turner syndrome.
The nurse monitors the client for which side effect of the atropine sulfate in the postoperative period?The answer is Urinary retention.
Urinary retention is a disorder where your bladder is unable to completely empty of urine. Chronic urinary retention prevents the bladder from emptying entirely over time as opposed to acute urinary retention, which causes an abrupt inability to urinate.
Individuals with intense urinary maintenance can't urinate by any means, despite the fact that they have a full bladder. Intense urinary maintenance, a possibly hazardous medicinal condition, requires quick crisis treatment. Intense urinary maintenance can cause awesome distress or torment.
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Secondary minerals are most prominent in the ________ fraction of soils.
a. organic
b. silt
c. clay
d. sand
Option c. is correct. Secondary minerals are most prominent in the clay fraction of soils.
Soil minerals are a natural source of plant nutrients that are released gradually over time as a result of chemical weathering. While secondary minerals are a byproduct of chemical weathering and are formed either by partial chemical alteration of primary minerals or by chemical precipitation from the reaction of components dissolved from other minerals.
The majority of secondary minerals are soil-stable hydrated aluminosilicates or Fe and Al oxyhydroxides. The majority of hydrated aluminosilicates are phyllosilicates also known as clay minerals, which are the most common secondary minerals in Canadian soils.
The fraction of clay minerals is fundamentally different from the sand and silt fractions, not only in grain size but also in mineralogy. It typically contains secondary minerals which are by-products of chemical weathering and re-precipitation. Although some clay minerals are amorphous, crystalline clay minerals are the most common.
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Flagella and cilia of eukaryotic cells require a cytoskeleton composed of ______ to function properly
Flagella and cilia of eukaryotic cells require a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules to function properly.
What is the role of microtubules in cilia and flagella?The intracellular movement and positioning of membrane vesicles and organelles, the separation of chromosomes during mitosis, and the beating of cilia and flagella are all regulated by microtubules. The first microtubule motor proteins, kinesin and dynein, move along microtubules in opposite directions, kinesin moving toward the plus end and dynein moving toward the minus end. Many different eukaryotic cells move by means of cilia and flagella, which are plasma membrane projections based on microtubules. The flagella of many bacteria are prokaryotic, which means they differ greatly from the flagella of eukaryotes.Learn more about the Microtubules with the help of the given link:
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When viewed under a transmission electron microscope, the golgi apparatus looks like ______.
Answer:
a stack containing multiple flattened, disk-shaped membranes called cisterns
Explanation:
Name one similarity and one difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
One similarity and one difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis are listed below :-
One similarity between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that : they are both types of endocytosis, which is a type of active transport that transports particles into cells. These particles, which can include cell fragments, whole cells, and other large molecules (such as water and cholesterol), are too large to enter the cell passively through the cell membrane.
One major difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that : pinocytosis is not a selective process, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis is. Furthermore, pinocytosis takes place solely through the cell membrane, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis takes place with the help of receptors.
What is Pinocytosis and Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis?
Pinocytosis is a simple endocytosis process that transports liquids and their solutes into the cell. As a result, it is also known as "cell drinking."
Another type of endocytosis is receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), which is responsible for the selective uptake of solutes into the cell.
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In humans, any cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is said to be diploid. sperm and egg cells, however, are?
In humans, any cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is said to be diploid. sperm and egg cells are Diploid; Haploid
What is a haploid?
A cell is said to be haploid if it only has one set of chromosomes. The number of copies of the genome is referred to as ploidy. Numerous other organisms, including humans, are diploid. This indicates that each cell contains two copies of the genome for the bulk of its whole existence. Haplotype cells are often produced for reproduction. One copy of the genome allows for the reorganization of various copies during zygote formation. Numerous novel DNA combinations are made available in the progeny by making the DNA content of the gametes haploid. This boosts genetic diversity and aids in population climate adaptation.
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Name three abilties that birds have that help them survive and thrive? Which do you think is the most amazing, and why?
The birds have three physical characteristics such as swimming, walking, and perching.
Birds :All plants and animals can survive in their environment, this ability of organism is called adaptation.
Adaptation has produced more than a million different species of animals on earth. Flight is the most important adaptation. Animals can most easily fly into the environment. Birds' legs and feet have adapted to suit many different lifestyles.
Adaptation is caused by evolution which is a gradual change. Food is required to the birds to flight. Communication is also one of the key for survival.
Feather, bills, wings and egg laying capacity are some of the characteristics for animals. Hollow bones help birds to fly easily. Probing, perching, climbing, seizing prey are some of the characteristics of bird.
Therefore, The birds have three physical characteristics such as swimming, walking, and perching.
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The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is known as ________.
The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is known as luster.
In mineralogy, luster refers to how a mineral surface appears in terms of its capacity to reflect light. The degree of transparency, diaphaneity, and structure of a mineral all affect its luster.
A mineral's ability to reflect light is referred to as luster. The first step in identifying a mineral is to measure it. Always examine a brand-new surface for luster; you might need to remove a tiny amount of material to reveal a clean sample. Metallic luster, which is extremely reflective and opaque, to dull luster (non-reflective and opaque.)
Mineralogists use the physical characteristic of luster to identify minerals. A mineral's luster defines how its exterior reflects light and how its inside may bend or refract light. Some minerals have a metallic sheen, while others don't.
A mineral reflects light by having a luster. The two main categories of luster are described by the labels metallic and nonmetallic. The most popular words for luster are shown in Table 7, along with an illustration of a comparable mineral. Some minerals are described as "earthy," "chalky," or "dull" because they lack luster.
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If the growth rate of the number of bacteria at anytime t is proportional to the number present at t and doubles in 1 week, how many bacteriacan be expected :____
after 2 weeks?
after 4 weeks?
After two weeks the number of bacteria that could be
[tex]is \: 4 \: x _{0} \: and \: after \: four \: weeks \: the \:[/tex]
number of bacteria that could be expected is
[tex]16 \: x _{0} .[/tex]
The growth rate of the number of bacteria is at time t ∝Number of bacteria present at time t
Let the population of the bacteria present at time t = x(4)
[tex]Let \: x(0) = x _{ 0}[/tex]
[tex]Let x(1) = 2 \: x_{0}[/tex]
[tex] \frac{dx}{dt} = kx[/tex]
k is the constant.
[tex]∫ \frac{dx}{x} = ∫kdt[/tex]
[tex]log_{c} \: x = kt + log_{e} \: c[/tex]
So at the time, t = 0.
[tex] log_{e} \: x _{0} = log_{e} \:c[/tex]
[tex]c = x _{0}[/tex]
[tex]log \: x = kt \: + \: log \: x _{0}[/tex]
[tex]x = x_{0} \: \times \: e ^{kt} [/tex]
At the time t = 1.
[tex]2 \: x _{0} = x _{0} \: e^{k} [/tex]
[tex]2 = e ^{k} [/tex]
k = In 2
[tex]x(t) \: = \: x _{0} \: e ^{In \: 2t} [/tex]
After two weeks the number of bacteria that could be expected is,
[tex]x(2) \: = \: x _{0} \: e ^{In \: 2} [/tex]
[tex] x _{0} \: 2^{2} = 4 \: x _{0} [/tex]
After two weeks the number of bacteria could be expected to
[tex]is \: 4 \: x _{0} .[/tex]
After four weeks the number of bacteria that could be expected is,
[tex]x(4) \: = \: x _{0} \: e ^{4In \: 2} [/tex]
[tex]x _{0} \: 2^{4} = 16 \: x _{0} [/tex]
After four weeks the number of bacteria could be
[tex]expected \: is \: 16 \: x _{0} .[/tex]
Therefore, after two weeks the number of bacteria that
[tex]could \: be \: expected \: is \: 4 \: x _{0} \: and \: after \:[/tex]
and four weeks the number of bacteria that could be
[tex]expected \: is \: 16 \: x _{0} .[/tex]
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The enzyme phosphorylase catalyzes the conversion of ___________ into ___________.
Answer:
glycogen; glucose-6-phosphate
Melissa's child was born with an extra chromosome, resulting in down syndrome. this is an example of:_______
Answer:Mutation
Explanation:
Which cellular structures are composed of many amphipathic molecules that are driveen together under the influence of the hydrophobic effect?
The hydrophobic effect causes a large number of amphipathic molecules, which make up cellular membranes, to be drawn together.
What components make up the cell membrane?With a few rare exceptions, glycerophospholipids, which are made up of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains, are the primary component of cellular membranes, including plasma membranes and interior membranes. The three-carbon molecule glycerol serves as the framework for these membrane lipids.What use does a cell membrane serve?All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external environment. A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.learn more about cellular membrane here
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Embryonic stem cells give rise to all cell types in the developing embryo. would you expect the interphase period of a stem cell to longer, shorter, or the same as compared to non-stem cells?
The interphase in embryonic stem cells is shorter as they are rapidly dividing.
Pluripotent stem cells, called embryonic stem cells (ESCs), are generated from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, an early-stage preimplantation embryo. Four to five days after fertilization, the human embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, which consists of 50-150 cells. The blastocyst is destroyed when the inner cell mass (germinal cells) are separated by immuno surgery, raising moral questions as to whether the pre-implantation embryo follows the same moral standards as the post-implantation development. Similar to adult stem cells, these are stem cells supplied by a healthy, fully developed human being. They were not collected or implanted using embryos or fetuses. Scientists believe that stem cells can be used to treat and understand disease because they can differentiate into different cell types.Therefore, embryonic stem cells will have shorter interphase.
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Unlike eukaryotes, bacterial dna is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane. instead, bacterial dna is condensed into a region called the __________.
Unlike eukaryotes, bacterial DNA is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane. instead, bacterial DNA is condensed into a region called the nucleoid.
Eukaryotes are the organisms that possess the eukaryotic cell. The eukaryotic cell is advanced type of cell with well-defined nucleus and also the cell organelles are present. Eukaryotes can have both 70S and 80S type of ribosomes.
Nucleoid is the condensed region in the prokaryotic cell that comprises of the genetic material, the DNA. It is an irregular shaped structure lying in the cytoplasm of the cell. There is usually a single pair of chromosome present in the nucleoid.
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what is correct about a complex molecule and the components into which it breaks down?
The huge structure made up of numerous smaller pieces are complex molecules. Amino acids are formed from the complex molecules known as proteins.
Large chemical molecules with a key function in cellular and metabolic processes are known as proteins. They provide a variety of responsibilities and functions and have been of the utmost important for the live cell.The theory holds that amino acids, which function as monomers, are the building blocks of proteins. The polymeric structure of the protein is created by the amino acids joining together via peptide bonds. At the conclusion of translation, an amino acid is created and modified to create proteins.Once a protein source enters your stomach, it is broken down into smaller chains of amino acids by hydrochloric acid and proteases enzymes. Peptides, which are dismantled by proteases, are what connect amino acids together.Therefore, option B. is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following is correct about a complex molecule and the components into which it breaks down?
A. Sugars break down into proteins.
B. Proteins break down into amino acids.
C. Carbohydrates break down into fats.
D. Fats break down into monosaccharides.
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The nurse understands that which intervention is most appropriate for a patient with rh-negative blood who is unsensitized and just received percutaneous umbilical blood?
The correct answer for this question is RhoGAM administration
RhoGAM is an antibody solution derived from plasma donors. RhoGAM is being prescribed by your doctor because you are Rh-negative. It is normal for a small amount of the baby's blood to enter your bloodstream during pregnancy. There will be a blood type mismatch when the blood from your Rh-positive baby enters your Rh-negative bloodstream. This is known as Rh incompatibility. Your immune system recognizes the baby's red blood cells as "foreign," and antibodies are produced to try to eliminate them. If you take RhoGAM at the right time, it will keep your immune system from reacting to your baby's blood. RhoGAM is made from human blood and may carry a risk of transmitting disease-causing agents.
Rh incompatibility occurs when a Rh-negative mother falls pregnant with a baby who has Rh-positive blood.
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Helicopter transport of patients was responsible for not only transport but also improved treatment of wounded soldiers due to in-flight care during:_________
Helicopter transport of patients was responsible for not only transport but also improved treatment of wounded soldiers due to in-flight care during the Vietnam War.
What is the Vietnam War?From 1 November 1955 to 30 April 1975, when Saigon fell, there was a war in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Officially, North Vietnam and South Vietnam engaged in battle during the second Indochina War. The Cold War-era proxy war is commonly regarded as taking place in North Vietnam, which was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies, and South Vietnam, which was supported by the United States and other anti-communist friends. The United States' direct involvement ended in 1973 after a nearly 20-year duration.
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Which period in human history occurred first in time?
Answer:
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
Explanation:
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what is importance of plate tectonics in your life
Answer:It formed the continents we live on – we can't live under water. When plates collide and subduct (where one plate goes under another), magma is generated, creating volcanoes. We think several repetitions of this process is what built the continents. The tectonic plates are part of the water cycle of the Earth.
Explanation:
When part of a molecule, what is the typical number of bonds and nonbonding pairs of electrons for each of these atoms?.
Answer:This means the halogens are typically just 1 bonding pair and 3 lone pairs.
Explanation:
A heritability coefficient of ____ means about 50 percent of the difference between people on a specific characteristic is the result of heredity.
A heritability coefficient of 0.5 means about 50 percent of the difference between people on a specific characteristic is the result of heredity.
Heritability coefficient tells about how the differences in genes of people accounts for their phenotypic differences. It is represented as H² . The formula for calculation of Heritability coefficient is H² = Var(G) / Var(P), where Var(G) is the variance in genotype and Var(P) is the variance in phenotype. The values range from 0 to 1. If the value is 1, then phenotypic difference is due to genetic differences. And if the value is 0 then phenotypic differences are due to environmental factors.
Heredity is the passing on of the traits from one generation to another. An offspring receives half of its genes from the mother and half from the father.
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