what would happen if we removeda link in the food chain?​

Answer: An homeostatic imbalance is where the body is unable to restore a functional, stable internal environment in oneself.

Explanation: the word "homeostatic" comes from homeostasis which means to keep the body in normal conditions like your body temperature  (making sure it's not too high or low) and fluid balance (ex; your water intake). And for the word "imbalance" it means the opposite of balance which will mean it's abnormal and unstable.

The nutrition facts panel on a box of crackers indicates that one serving provides 140 calories, with 55 calories coming from fat which leads to the percentage of 39%.

The formula to calculate the percentage of fat is,

Calories- A calorie is a unit of measurement for the amount of energy included in food; more precisely, it is the amount of heat required to elevate one kilogram or one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Five calories are required to raise a kg of water by one degree Celsius, as an instance of a calorie.

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Biological augmentation

Using nitrogen-fixing soybean crops to add nitrogen to degraded soils is an example of Biological augmentation.

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The statement 'cell death normally does not occur unless there has been an injury to the cell' is false.

A cell can be described as the basic building block of life. All living organisms are known to be made of cells.

There are various reasons that a cell might die. A cell might die when its function is over. A cell might also die for the formation of other structures in the body. For example, the formation of an outer layer of the skin requires dead cells. A cell might kill itself if it has no use or finds that it has been invaded by an antigen.

Hence, the statement that cell death occurs only due to injury is false as cell death can occur due to various other reasons.

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A property that is common to all microbial cells is evolution.

The term microbial cells include wide variety of micro organisms which can be bacteria, virus, fungi, algae, protist etc. The process of evolution is an important process for all the living organisms in order to survive. The evolution includes variation in genetic data that is evident in the form through mutation, transfer and reduction.

Communication between cells is common in bacteria and is a well-researched topic by scientists. The term for the process is quorum sensing and is responsible for biofilm formation, which causes problems in health and other industries. Motility and genetic exchange is not common in various organisms.

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The correct answer for this question is Mitochondrial DNA.

Although the FBI has acknowledged its shortcomings, it still views microscopic hair analysis as valid and currently utilizes it in conjunction with more reliable DNA tests.

Forensic scientists use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis when samples such as teeth, bones, and hairs without a follicle (root) are collected from crime scenes or disaster areas. MT DNA is also used when nuclear DNA is present in small amounts or is highly degraded and does not provide a complete STR profile.

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Each peak in the waveform corresponds to a different Length fragment into reaction.

Alternating current (AC) waveforms show how AC changes over time. The sine wave, which gets its name from how the current or voltage varies with the sine of the passing time, is the most well-known type of AC waveform.

A sinusoidal input at the terminal for non-inverting input. the input terminal for the inverting device's ground voltage. As far as we are aware, the sinusoidal signal is positive for one half cycle and negative for the next. The output will fluctuate between + Vcc and -Vcc. Consequently, a square wave will be the result.

Independent output terminals simultaneously provide access to the sinusoidal, triangular, and square waveform outputs.

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Nutrients like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, iron, vitamins, and water can all be absorbed by the small intestine.

The adipose tissues store fat-soluble nutrients. These nutrients are taken up by the lacteals and transported through the lymphatic system before being released into the bloodstream by the chylomicrons in the small intestine.

Villi that line the walls of the small intestine absorb nutrients into the circulatory system's capillaries and lymphatic lacteals. Villi contain lymphatic pathways that resemble lacteal beds and capillaries. After the chyme is digested, the lacteals absorb the fatty acids.

Nutrient absorption then occurs through the tiny intestine wall. After absorption, the fat-soluble vitamins travel to the lymph arteries before continuing to the bloodstream.

The small intestine is the organ in charge of food absorption, enabling the body to utilize minerals, vitamins, and nutrients. It is extremely uncommon for cancer to form in the small intestine, despite the fact that it makes up nearly three-quarters of the digestive system.

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The scenario that is similar to the process of facilitated diffusion is being escorted into a building since it involves an agent making movement easier. The correct option is C.

Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules of a substance from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration facilitated by certain transmembrane proteins in cells.

Facilitated diffusion helps move molecules of substances across the selectively permeable cell membrane of cells.

Therefore, in facilitated diffusion, an agent helps to make the movement of molecules faster.

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Answer: Being escorted into a building

Explanation:

Bacteria, Viroids, Slime Molds, and Archaea are included in the field of microbiology.

Microbiology is the study of microscopic or microorganism that can be cellular, acellular, unicellular, and multicellular. It has different branches of study like immunology, mycology, phycology etc. It is very beneficial stream which help us know about the growth pattern and habits of disease causing pathogens like virus, bacteria, and viroids etc.

Microorganism are versatile creatures and their detailed study helps to know about the vital role they play which can be further used in the benefit of humans like creating, vaccines, medicines, biotechnology, antidotes, products, etc.

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Reaction of the nurse: "No, I don't see any bugs." That sounds scary for you," is really therapeutic.

The individual experiencing hallucinations is distracted and terrified by what they hear or see. The nurse cannot argue away, reject, or ignore the client's hallucination since it is genuine to them. Nurses make it plain that they do not detect the voices or see the visual images, despite the fact that the client believes the hallucination to be real. Nurses do, however, express concern that the client is concerned, upset, or scared by the hallucination.

A hallucination is a false impression of objects or events encompassing your senses: sight, audio, smell, touch and taste. Although hallucinations appear real, they are not. Chemical interactions and/or anomalies in your brain produce hallucinations.

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Answer:

The molecular clock has limited usefulness for estimating divergence times among species in part due to the saturation of DNA sequences. This occurs because In highly diverged lineages, the substitutions process will occur at sites that have been substituted previously.

Explanation:

The mutation rate is used by the molecular clock to shorten the ancient period during which living forms separated. Both amino acid sequences plus DNA's nucleotide sequences are used by the molecular clock.

Only the percentage of mutations as well as other modifications over a predetermined period of time are recorded by this clock. Frequently, a property's usefulness may be restricted by the lineages' extreme diversity. The researchers come to the conclusion that molecular clocks are significantly so "erratic" comparatively previously believed, making them essentially worthless for maintaining precise evolutionary time. They blame natural selection's biases, which can occasionally prevent particular genetic mutations in particular lineages.

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The solution which is hypotonic is referred to as 0.85% normal saline and is denoted as option C.

This is referred to as a type of solution which has a lower amount of solutes when compared to other solution and also has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution when comparison is done.

On thew other hand, hypertonic solution has a higher amount of solutes when compared to other solution and an example is 10% saline which means Sodium chloride is more abundant in the solution.

Examples of hypotonic solution include 0.85% normal saline while isotonic solution has same or equal concentration and examples include iodine,distilled water etc which is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the correct option.

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Fern test uses a vaginal fluid specimen to differentiate amniotic fluid from urine and other body fluids.

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The answer to the question is Microbes with the ability to breakdown cellulose live in the digestive system.

The digestive system of the human body is made up of the gastrointestinal tract and additional digestive organs. In order for food to be absorbed and assimilate into the body, it must first be broken down into smaller and smaller components during digestion. Cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases make up the three stages of the digestive process. Peristalsis is the term used to describe the rhythmic contraction of muscles that starts in the esophagus and travels down the stomach wall and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract.

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The salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas produce digestive  secretions that flow into the GI tract through various ducts.

Salivary glands are responsible for production of saliva in the mouth. The saliva contains lysozyme that protects the body from any harmful pathogens, keep the mouth moist and also aid in chewing and softening of food. There are three salivary glands:  parotid, sublingual and submandibular.

Pancreas is the largest gland of the human body. It is  mixed gland that serves endocrine as well as exocrine functions. The exocrine secretions are of the digestive enzymes. Whereas the endocrine secretion include the hormones insulin and glucagon.  

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One of the main arguments that animal rights advocates present is that animals have rights because they are capable of suffering.

What is animal rights?

Animals surely deserve to live their lives freely without suffering and exploitation. Animal rights are moral principles formed in the belief that non-human animals deserve the ability to live as they wish, without being subjected to the desires of human beings. The animal rights movement strives to make the public aware about the fact that animals are sensitive, emotional, and intelligent beings who also deserve dignity and respect.

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Answer: B

In this phase, fragments of the DNA  are separated OR segregated based on their sizes. DNA samples are placed in one end of  gel and electricity is passed to drag them through the gel. The fragments of DNA are made up of  negative charge, that’s why they move across the positive electrode. If this process will continue for long time , DNA will shift off the end of gel. To move through the gel it requires high voltage. If the voltage becomes very high it will lead to melting of gel or smearing of the DNA bands.

Explanation:

The emerging field of systems biology focuses on studying living organisms as a whole as well as understanding the workings of the parts of an organ.

This is defined as the study of the interactions and behavior of the components of biological entities such as atoms, cells etc using computational and mathematical analysis.

This is a newly developed branch of science and it helps scientists to understand the different ways in which organs and molecules work and their overall effect the body system.

This is therefore the reason why systems biology was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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The correct answers are:

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The correct answers are:

The nucleus loses neutrons

The nucleus loses protons

The nucleus loses energy

What is alpha decay?

A nuclear process known as "alpha decay" releases a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons when an unstable nucleus transforms to another element.

The helium nucleus that is being ejected is known as an alpha particle.

Positive charge and a sizable mass characterize alpha particles.

What is gamma decay?

Gamma decay is a form of radioactivity where some unstable atomic nuclei release extra energy through an electromagnetic mechanism that occurs naturally.

Gamma rays—photons or electromagnetic energy packets with an incredibly tiny wavelength—are emitted in the most prevalent type of gamma decay, referred to as gamma emission.

Temporary storage sites in the cytosol for substances such as pigments or nutrients are called inclusions.

Pigments are the compounds that have a certain color and provide color to other structures indie the body. For example in plants chlorophyll is the pigment that provides green color to the leaves and stem. In humans and other animals, the blood consists f red colored pigment called hemoglobin.

Inclusions are the non-living objects inside the cell. They can be anything like pigments or any other molecules, that performs no function inside the cell. They are also called ergastic substances and do not even have any membrane.

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The example of closed system is water being heated in a pot with a lid. The correct option is 4.

A closed system is a innate physical system that does not aid the transfer of matter into or out of the system, though energy transfer is permitted in contexts including physics, chemistry, and engineering.

A closed system on the earth is a heating water container with a lid. The only energy transfer occurs with the environment, not with the water.

Other examples encompass a simple water bottle or a closed frying pan, among others.

Thus, the correct option is 4.

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Answer:

The answer is D - Water being heated in a pot with a lid.

Explanation:

Closed systems are similar to open systems in a way; energy can enter and leave freely, however, unlike in open systems, matter cannot enter or leave a closed system. The Earth is a good example of this. The outer edge of the Earth's atmosphere acts as a boundary between the system, Earth, and the surroundings, or space. Energy is transferred between Earth and its surroundings, think solar, but matter does not enter or leave, unless you count the rare exceptions in which a meteor crashes into the earth or when a space shuttle leaves the Earth.

A technique for determining protein structure that requires crystals of the protein is X-ray crystallography.

The structure of protein can be of four types: (a) primary structure; (b) secondary structure; (c) tertiary structure and (d) quaternary structure. The primary structure is the most simple one with a linear chain of amino acids. Secondary structure can be alpha helix or beta sheets, tertiary structure is the folded state of secondary structure and quaternary structure is the combination of two or more tertiary structures.

X-ray crystallography is the technique through which the 3-D structure of a protein crystal can be determined. The crustal of protein is a highly purified form. Atomic as well as molecular structure can be determined by this technique.

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All life is a result of a common ancestor that passed on both its genes and the means for employing them to its offspring. Therefore, DNA is crucial for the study of evolution.

The degree of genetic variation between two species indicates how different they are from one another and, in turn, how intimately or related in some way they are. The average genetic difference between individuals in modern humans is quite small—about 0.1%—whereas research on the chimpanzee genome's similar regions shows a difference of roughly 1.2%. A close relative of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), the bonobo (Pan paniscus) differs from humans in the same ways. Another African ape, gorillas, share a 1.6% DNA difference with humans. Most crucially, all three species—chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans—display the same degree of differentiation from gorillas. The orangutan, an Asian giant ape, is 3.1% different from us and the African apes. What are the monkeys like? For instance, the DNA of all great apes and humans differs from that of rhesus monkeys by around 7%. Geneticists have developed a number of methods for estimating the percentages, which produce a range of results regarding the degree of similarity between chimps and humans. For instance, only changes in the fundamental components of the genes that chimpanzees and humans share are measured when determining the 1.2% chimp-human difference.

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The pictures are shown for pathogens which are harmful to human body and 1st is virus 2nd is fungus 3rd is protozoa and 4th is bacteria.

Explanation: There are many pathogens that are harmful to people and they are harmful because they use the host machinery to replicate themselves and grow and also damages the host machinery and lyse the cell which in turn reduces the immunity of the host body and also make the host body prone to diseases leading to the early death of host or miserable life.

These pathogens are bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses.

Virus - The viruses are considered as non-living or living depending upon whether they are outside the host cell or inside it as it they are outside they are nonliving and if inside they are living and have genetic material RNA or DNA and a protein coat called capsid.

Bacteria - The bacteria are also unicellular organisms which are prokaryotes and have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan and can be divided in gram negative and gram-positive bacteria for example Xanthomonas.

Fungi - The fungi are multicellular organisms and have mycelia which is a thread-like structure in the form of a network called hyphae and they produce a different types of spores for their development.

Protozoa - They are microscopic and unicellular organisms and are eukaryotic in nature having complex structure and have complex metabolism and also have cilia for their movements.

So according to this 1st is virus 2nd is fungus 3rd is protozoa and 4th is bacteria.

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The inferior angle of the scapula is the point where the medial and lateral borders meet.

The inferior angle of the scapula may be characterized as the lowest portion of the scapula which is significantly covered by the muscles known as latissimus dorsi muscle. It remarkably migrates forwards round the chest when the arm is captured.

The inferior angle of the scapula is directly correlated with the T7, T8, and T9 of the spinous process or spinal level. It typically depends on the source of Gray's anatomy.

Therefore, the inferior angle is constructed by adjoining the medial and lateral borders of the scapula.

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Mollusks organisms are members of the lophotrochozoan lineage. The mollusks are a diverse group of creatures that include many well-known creatures like clams, snails, squid, and others as well as some less well-known ones like tusk shells and Cephalopods. Mollusks may be found in almost all freshwater and marine settings, and some can even be found on land.

Invertebrate mollusks have soft bodies and frequently have hard shells covering them. A mollusk's body is made up of three primary components: a mantle, a visceral mass, and a muscular foot. Cephalopods, bivalves, and gastropods are the three primary categories of mollusks.

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Explanation:

Heterotrophs are defined as organisms that must consume food to obtain nutrients. These include herbivores, carnivores, etc.

Thus, with a planet of only autotrophs (self-feeding organisms) will continue to reproduce and flourish. Eventually, the earth would be full of autotrophs and organism to moderate the population.

However, there are other factors that can moderate population, though it may not be as effective as a heterotroph.

As a result of the nonexistence of heterotrophs, that includes organisms that help recycle the waste in the environment.

For example, there are decomposers that recycle materials. Considered as heterotrophs, without decomposers to recycle nutrients, autotrophs will lack the nutrient to undergo photosynthesis - it would just be organic waste. This will eventually lead to the death of autotrophs.

There is a possibility for mutations to occur that can allow organisms to process the waste by themselves and use the nutrients that's been processed for photosynthesis.

These are just some of the things that can happen without any heterotrophs.

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