The difference between intramolecular and intermolecular is described below.
What is inter and intra molecular?Intramolecular means between different parts of the same molecule while intermolecular denotes from one molecule to another i.e. between molecules.
Based on the above definition, it can be said that intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule while intermolecular forces are forces that exist between molecules.
For example, the force that holds oxygen and hydrogen atoms together in water molecule is called intramolecular force while the force that holds two water molecules together is intermolecular force.
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how many moles of sodium are there in 4.51 moles of the following compounds? 1st attempt part 1 (0.3 point)see periodic table nacl moles of na part 2 (0.3 point) na2so4 moles of na part 3 (0.3 point) na3po4 moles of na part 4 (0.3 point)see hint nano3 moles of na
1. nacl:4.51,2.na2so4:9.02, 3.na3po4:13.53, 4.nan03:4.51 moles of na, moles of sodium are there in 4.51 moles of the following compounds
In 1 mole of NaCl, there are 1 mole of Na. In 1 mole of Na2SO4, there are 2 moles of Na. In 1 mole of Na3PO4, there are 3 moles of Na. In 1 mole of NaNO3, there are 1 mole of Na.
NaCl: 4.51 moles * 1 mole Na/1 mole NaCl = 4.51 moles of Na
Na2SO4: 4.51 moles * 2 moles Na/1 mole Na2SO4 = 9.02 moles of Na
Na3PO4: 4.51 moles * 3 moles Na/1 mole Na3PO4 = 13.53 moles of Na
NaNO3: 4.51 moles * 1 mole Na/1 mole NaNO3 = 4.51 moles of Na
The number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a specific volume is indicated by the concentration metric known as molarity (M). Applying the rule of three would be as follows: If there are 6.4 moles of NaCl in 1 litre of solution,
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recall the photo of the melting ice cubes. if you put the water from the melted ice cubes back in the freezer it will become solid again. describe the transfer of thermal energy as the ice cubes melt and then as they become solid again. in both situations, describe which substanes are gaining and losing energy.
Convection heat is one way to deliver the energy as heat. The cooler water underneath the ice will fall into the warmer water below it while it is floating on the water.
Ice warms up when heated, but once it begins to melt, the temperature remains constant until all of the ice has melted. This occurs as a result of all the convection heat energy being directed toward dissolving the ice's crystal lattice.
The transfer of heat between two bodies by currents of moving gas or fluid is known as convection heat transfer. In free convection, air or water rises and is replaced by a cooler parcel of air or water as it moves away from the hot body.
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whats the process which the number of protons in a nucliude is increased and the mass number nemains constant
The process in which the number of the protons in the nuclide is increased and the mass number will remains constant is beta decay.
The Beta Decay is the type of the radioactive decay in which the proton is converted into the neutron and vice versa in the nucleus of the radioactive sample. If the protons is converted to the neutron, it is called as the β⁺ decay.
The example of the beta decay is as follows :
¹⁰C₆ + ¹⁰B₅ + ⁰e₁⁺
The protons is increased and the mass number will remain same. The proton of a carbon atom is converted into the neutron, and the emitted beta particle is the positron.
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The unit of heat that is used to express the amount of energy provided by foods is called? A) Kilocalorie B) Heat Infusion C) Energy Calorie D) Thermogenesis
The term "energy calorie" refers to the measurement of heat which is used to indicate the quantity of energy delivered by food.
Describe energy.The ability to perform tasks. It could exist in several different forms, such as theoretical, kinetic, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical, radioactive, etc. Additionally, there is heat and work, which is energy being transferred between one body to the another. Mechanical, pharmacological, electrical, electric and magnetic, thermal, acoustic, and radioactive energy are examples of different types of energy.
From where does energy come?As reported by the U.S. Energy Management Administration, coal, nuclear power, and natural gas made up the majority of the country's electrical generation in 2020. Renewable energy sources like wind, electricity, solar, biogas, wind, and thermal are also used to generate electricity.
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If you dissolve 0.3 moles of HBr in 1 L of water, what do you expect to be present in the beaker after the compounds have had time to react? a) H2Br, OH, and H2O. b) H30*, Br", and H2O. c) BrOH and H307. d) HBr, H307, Br", and H2O.
According to the question, choice d) HBr, H30+, Br-, and H2O is the best choice.
What do you mean by compound?A compound in chemistry is a material comprised of two or more separate chemical elements mixed together in a certain proportion. When the constituents interact with one another, chemical bonds are formed that are difficult to break. These bonds occur as a consequence of atoms sharing or trading electrons.
What are an element and a compound?Definition. A compound is made up of atoms from several elements that have been chemically mixed in a certain ratio. A pure chemical compound comprised of the same atom of an element is called an element. Composition. Compounds are made up of many different elements ordered through chemical bonding in a certain order and set ratio.
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What provides an acid or basic environment to optimize digestion?
In order to create a highly acidic environment, the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers the pH of the stomach.
What is digestion?Food is broken down into more digestible, smaller pieces throughout the digestion process so that the body can absorb and use them.
The digestive system's secretions produce the acidic or basic environment necessary for effective digesting. In order to create a highly acidic environment, the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers the pH of the stomach. Proteins are broken down, digestive enzymes are activated, and potentially hazardous microorganisms are killed in this acidic environment.
The small intestine, on the other hand, is kept at a pH that is somewhat basic to enhance the activity of the digestive enzymes that break down carbs, proteins, and lipids. The release of bicarbonate, a basic chemical, from the pancreas and the small intestinal wall maintains the basic environment of the organ.
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It will turn out that the fundamental ideas behind kinetic theory do not apply equally well to every kind of gas. We will learn why soon, but if you had to make an educated guess, which of these gases best follows kinetic theory?A) Benzene (C6H6)B) IodineC) HeliumD) Hemoglobin, a massive protein that shepherds iron around the bloodstream.
Helium is the gas that most closely adheres to kinetic theory.
What is kinetic theory?The motion of particles and how they behave within a system are the subject of kinetic theory, a subfield of thermodynamics. It is predicated on the idea that a gas's constituent particles move randomly and continuously, and that the laws of mechanics and thermodynamics can account for this motion.
The foundation of kinetic theory is the idea that gas molecules move randomly and continuously, and that the rules of thermodynamics and mechanics may be used to explain this motion.
Since helium is an ideal gas, it closely complies with the predictions of the kinetic theory. This is due to helium's ability to operate in a straightforward and predictable manner because it is a monatomic gas, which means it is made up of individual atoms rather than molecules. It also has a low molecular weight and no intermolecular forces.
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why does the size of an atom decrease as you move across a period? A) The number of shells are added B) The nuclear charge increased C) The nuclear charge decreased D) The number of shells decrease
While absorption intensity remains constant over time, effective nuclear charge increases. The result of increased electron attraction brought on by a higher effective nuclear charge is a smaller atomic radius.
What is this is atomic radius?As the atom gets bigger, the maximum distance between its nucleus and furthest electron valence is usually determined. The magnitude of something like the atomic radius depends on the type the carbon chain in which the particles are enmeshed.
Where is the atomic radius?This same closer nuclear is created by dividing by two the dimension seen between the nuclei from two complementary atoms that are bonded together. Typically, an atomic radius diminishes form left to right. Atomic radii in such a bunch often increase from center to bottom.
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How many grams of water are formed when 12.5-g of hydrogen reacts with oxygen
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 112.5 grams of water are formed when 12.5 g of hydrogen reacts with oxygen.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
H₂: 2 molesO₂: 1 moleH₂O: 4 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
H₂: 2 g/moleO₂: 32 g/moleH₂O: 18 g/moleBy reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
H₂: 2 moles ×2 g/mole= 4 gramsO₂: 1 mole ×32 g/mole= 32 gramsH₂O: 2 mole ×18 g/mole= 36 gramsMass of water formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 4 grams of H₂ form 36 grams of H₂O, 12.5 grams of H₂ form how much mass of H₂O?
mass of H₂O= (12.5 grams of H₂×36 grams of H₂O)÷4 grams of H₂
mass of H₂O= 112.5 grams
Finally, 112.5 grams of H₂O are formed.
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a 5.56 g sample of a solid containing ni is dissolved in 20.0 ml water. a 5.00 ml aliquot of this solution is diluted to 100.0 ml and analyzed in the lab. the analyzed solution was determined to contain 5.54 ppm ni . determine the molar concentration of ni in the 20.0 ml solution.
The molar concentration of Ni in the 20.0 mL solution is 2.37 x 10⁻⁷ M. To find the molar concentration of Ni in the 20.0 mL solution, we first need to find the number of moles of Ni in the 5.56 g sample.
Moles of Ni in the 5.56 g sample:
Ni atomic mass = 58.69 g/mol
5.56 g Ni / 58.69 g/mol = 0.095 moles Ni
Next, we need to find the concentration of Ni in the 5.00 mL aliquot of the solution that was diluted to 100.0 mL.
From the analysis, we know the Ni concentration in the analyzed solution was 5.54 ppm. So,
5.54 ppm = 5.54 mg/L = 5.54 µg/mL = 5.54 x 10⁻⁶ g/mL
The 5.00 mL aliquot was diluted to 100.0 mL, so the concentration of Ni in the 5.00 mL aliquot would be:
5.54 x 10⁻⁶ g/mL * (5.00 mL / 100.0 mL) = 2.77 x 10⁻⁷ g/mL = 2.77 µg/mL
Finally, we can find the molar concentration of Ni in the 20.0 mL solution by converting the mass of Ni in the 5.00 mL aliquot to moles:
2.77 µg Ni / 58.69 g/mol = 4.74 x 10⁻⁹ moles Ni
And then, finding the molarity (moles/L) by dividing the number of moles by the volume of the solution:
4.74 x 10⁻⁹ moles Ni / (20.0 mL x 10⁻³ L/mL) = 2.37 x 10⁻⁷ M Ni
So, the molar concentration of Ni in the 20.0 mL solution is 2.37 x 10⁻⁷ M.
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I need help with 11 and 12 please and thank you so much:)
In the first chemical equation the coefficients are 2,1,1,2 while in second chemical equation are 2,2,4,1.
What is chemical equation?Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .
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for each solute, click the button under the better solvent. solute which is the better solvent? oohocchch2cohoh och3cch3
For this question, the better solvent for the solute OOHOCC H2COHOH is OCH3CCH3.
OOHOCC H2COHOH is a hydrocarbon, which means it is non-polar. Therefore, the only solvent that can dissolve this solute is another non-polar solvent, such as OCH3CCH3 (methane).
Non-polar solutes dissolve best in non-polar solvents. This is because the non-polar nature of the solute and solvent allows them to mix and form a homogeneous solution. Non-polar solutes include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers and alkanes. Polar solutes, on the other hand, dissolve best in polar solvents. Polar solutes include acids, bases, salts, sugars and amino acids.
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Which toxic substance is often used to extract gold and results in harmful environmental effects?
a. acid mine drainage
b. carbon dioxide
c. sulfur dioxide
d. cyanide
e. fluoride
Some changes are given below.(a) Freezing of water(b) Melting of ice(c) Boiling of waterAre these considered as physical changes? If yes, give the reason.
Yes, Physical changes include ice melting, boiling water, and water freezing. Only a change in form, dimension, or arrangement can occur during a physical change. Because no new substance is created during the aforementioned modifications, they are therefore physical.
What modifications occur when water is boiled?The more vigorous molecules become a gas, spread out, and produce bubbles when boiling takes place. These surface and soar into the sky. It takes energy to change from a liquid to a gas. The liquid also loses thermal energy as the gas molecules leave it.
Which is a bodily alteration that could take place?A change in physical attributes accompanies a physical change. Melting, turning into a gas, changing strength or durability, changing crystal structure or texture, and changing shape, size, color, volume, or density are a few examples of physical qualities.
Is melting a bodily alteration?Melting, changes in size, volume, color, density, and crystal shape are examples of common physical changes.
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If we triple the temperature and double the volume, what would the new pressure of the system be?
If you triple the temperature of an ideal gas and double its volume, the pressure of the system would be 3/2 times the original pressure.
The change is according to the Ideal Gas Law, which states that PV = nRT, where,
P = pressure
V = volume
n = no. of moles of gas
R = ideal gas constant
T = temperature.
To find the new pressure, we can rearrange the equation as P = (nRT) / V.
If we triple the temperature and double the volume, the new pressure would be:
P = (nRT) / (2V) = (3 * nRT) / (2 * 2V) = 3P / 2.
So, the new pressure would be 3/2 times the original pressure.
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fill in the blank with the name of the compound pictured at the right a molecule *don't forget your punctuation. how many c's in the parent chain? what are the substituents?
The longest chain with both carbon atoms in the double bond is the parent chain, which belongs to an alkene. Count the parent chain's carbons starting at the end where the substituents are present and going down to the lowest number.
What is the parent chain's C count?The parent chain of unsaturated compounds, however, is required to have a double or triple bond in order to comply with the requirement. There are six carbon atoms in the parent chain in this instance.
C chains: what are they?Order of Contracts (C-Chain) This chain, in which the letter C stands for "contract," is utilized for smart contracts. Def applications The main distinction between the c-chain and the other chains is the usage of an address that may be added to your Meta Mask that is in the Ethereum manner with a 0x at the beginning.
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the element x forms the chloride containing 75.0% cl, by mass. what is element x?
The element X creates the chloride XCl4, which has 75% by mass of Cl (4 is a subscript of Cl). Titanium serves as the compound's X element.
What do mol and mol weight mean?A mole is the volume of a material (in grams) that has a molecular weight of that substance. For instance, a mole of tricalcium tetra (Ca(H2PO4)2) weight 234.05 grams while a mole of oxygen weighs 12.011 grams.
Chlorine has a molecular weight of 35.5 g/mol.
The chemical XCl4 is made up of four chlorine molecules, or atoms, and makes up 0.75 of its weight.
All four chlorine atoms weigh a total of 4×35 = 140 g/mol
The weight of any and all chlorine atoms in the molecule is now 140/0.75.
The compound's overall weight is now equal to 186.66≈ 187
The mass of element X is equal to 187 - 140 = 47 g/mol.
The molecular mass of titanium is approximately equal to 47 if we match it to any metal from the periodic table.
TiCl₄ is the substance, and its molecular weight is 140 g/mol.
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samples of natural selenium contain six stable isotopes. in terms of atomic structure, explain what these isotopes have in common, and how they differ.
Stable isotopes of an element have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei, but a different number of neutrons.
As a result, isotopes of an element have the same atomic number and therefore the same chemical properties, but they have different atomic masses.
The six stable isotopes of selenium have the same number of protons (34) but different numbers of neutrons, which results in different atomic masses. These isotopes therefore have the same atomic structure in terms of the number of protons, electrons and the arrangement of electrons in their shells. However, the difference in the number of neutrons results in a difference in the atomic mass of each isotope, which affects its physical properties, such as density and boiling point.
In conclusion, the stable isotopes of selenium have the same atomic structure in terms of protons, electrons, and electron arrangements, but differ in the number of neutrons and thus the atomic mass.
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a 1.0 l balloon has a pressure of 2 atm. when the pressure increases to 2,000 kpa, what is the volume? responses 0.1 l 0.1 l 0.2 l 0.2 l 2.0 l 2.0 l 510 l 510 l
When the pressure of the 1.0 L balloon increases to 2,000 kPa, the volume will be 510 L.
The ideal gas law also states that if the temperature of the gas is increased while the pressure is held constant, the volume of the gas will increase. This is because the increased temperature will cause the gas particles to move faster, and the faster they move, the more space they will take up, resulting in an increase in volume.
Therefore, if the temperature of the 1.0 L balloon is increased while the pressure is held constant, the volume of the gas will increase.
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In an experiment searching for the photoelectric effect, an incident beam of green light produced no ejected electrons from a metal. In order to efect electrons, the experimenter should A.increase the brightness of the light. B. try blue ight C. try yellow light D. give up on that particular metal decrease the brightness of the light
The experimenter should use blue light if an incident green light beam failed to cause any emitted electrons from a metal.
What is a electron?A negative charges subatomic particle known as an electron can either be free or attached to an atom (not bound). Among the three primary kinds of particles within an atom is an electron which is bonded to it. The other 2 are protons & neutrons.
Do electrons possess any energy?Electrons are the electrical energy's carriers, but electrical engineers and physicists refer to current as the flow of positive charge. Protons in atoms have a positive charge, and because they are tightly bound to the atoms' nuclei, they cannot pass through a wire.
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What mass of barium sulfate would be produced from 10 g of barium chloride in the following reaction?
BaCl2 + H2SO4 —> BaSO + 2HCl
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 11.2 grams of BaSO₄ are produced from 10 g of barium chloride.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2 HCl
By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
BaCl₂: 1 mole H₂SO₄: 1 moleBaSO₄: 1 moleHCl: 2 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
BaCl₂: 208.24 g/moleH₂SO₄: 98 g/moleBaSO₄: 233.34 g/moleHCl: 35.45 g/moleBy reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
BaCl₂: 1 mole ×208.24 g/mole= 208.24 gramsH₂SO₄: 1 mole ×98 g/mole= 98 gramsBaSO₄: 1 mole ×233.34 g/mole= 233.34 gramsHCl: 2 moles×35.45 g/mole= 71.9 gramsMass of BaSO₄ formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 208.24 grams of BaCl₂ form 233.34 grams of BaSO₄, 10 grams of BaCl₂ form how much mass of BaSO₄?
mass of BaSO₄= (10 grams of BaCl₂× 233.34 grams of BaSO₄) ÷208.24 grams of BaCl₂
mass of BaSO₄= 11.2 grams
Finally, 11.2 grams of BaSO₄ are formed.
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ni has a higher atomic number than co, but co has a higher atomic mass. co-59 has a 100% natural abundance. the 5 stable isotopes of ni are ni-58, ni-60, ni-61, ni-62, and ni-64. which ni isotope has the highest natural abundance?
Answer:
Ni-58
Explanation:
are the alkali metals highly reactive or non-reactive?
Alkali metals are extremely reactive, hence they are almost never encountered in nature in their elemental state instead appearing as ionic compounds.
Alkali metals are not reactive, so why?Lithium, sodium, potassium, and all other alkali metals have a single electron in their valence shell. This one electron has little attraction to the atom since it is most likely located far from the nucleus.
How reactive are alkali metals?One of the most reactive metals is alkali metal. They have greater atomic radii and low ionization energies, which contribute to this. They have an oxidation state of 1, and they frequently give electrons during reactions. These metals stand out for their supple texture and silvery hue.
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an aqueous solution that is 40.0 percent sulfuric acid (h2so4) by mass has a density of 1.069 g/ml. determine the molarity of the solution.
The molarity of an aqueous solution that is 40.0 percent sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) by mass has a density of 1.069 g/ml = 4.35 M
Molarity is calculated as moles of solute/liters of total solution.
Sulfuric acid serves as our solute in this instance. Let's assume a basis for computation in order to resolve this issue.
Putting it that way,
100 g is the solution's total weight.
The mass of H₂SO₄:
(40/100) x 100
= 40 gr
The molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 98.079 g/mol.
The number of moles of H₂SO₄:
40 / 98.079
= 0.407 mol
Total volume of the solution:
100 / 1.069
= 93.54 ml = 0.0935 L
Hence,
The molarity of the solution:
0.407 / 0.0935
= 4.35 M
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alternative energy sources have had what effect on the carbon footprint of communities, cities, and even countries? a. moderately increased the carbon footprint b. completely eliminated the carbon footprint c. significantly increased the carbon footprint d. maintained the carbon footprint e. significantly decreased the carbon footprint
As alternative energy sources have an effect on the carbon footprint of communities, cities, and even countries it is necessary to significantly reduce carbon footprints. (E)
Definition of Carbon FootprintThe carbon footprint is the amount of carbon or gas emissions produced from various human activities in a certain period of time. The carbon footprint that we produce will have a negative impact on our life on earth, such as drought and reduced sources of clean water, extreme weather and natural disasters, changes in food chain production, and various other natural damages.
The resulting carbon footprint will have a negative impact on life on earth, in addition to natural disasters and extreme weather, the carbon footprint will also result in changes in the production of the food chain and reduced sources of clean water. The higher the carbon footprint on earth, not only causes environmental damage, but can also worsen the level of human health. Therefore, reducing the carbon footprint will help slow down the global warming process that is currently starting to occur.
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you have 6.8 ml of a 0.028 m solution of naoh. if you add this solution to 5.5 ml of a 0.011 m solution of crystal violet, what is the initial concentration of naoh in the reaction mixture?
The initial concentration of NaOH in the reaction mixture is 0.028 M, as this is the concentration of the solution that was added to the reaction mixture.
The addition of 6.8 mL of 0.028 M NaOH to 5.5 mL of 0.011 M crystal violet will result in a final volume of 12.3 mL and the concentration of NaOH will be diluted by the addition of the crystal violet solution. The final concentration of NaOH will depend on the reaction that occurs between the two solutions and may not be the same as the initial concentration of either of the solutions added. However, for the purpose of determining the initial concentration, it is considered to be 0.028 M.
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Calculate the volume of oxygen required at stp for complete combustion of 2.3g of ethanol the reaction is
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry and STP conditions, the volume of O₂ required at STP for complete combustion of 2.3g of ethanol is 3.36 L.
Reaction stoichiometryThe balanced reaction is:
CH₃CH₂OH + 3 O₂ → 2 CO₂ + 3 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
CH₃CH₂OH: 1 moleO₂: 3 moles CO₂: 2 molesH₂O: 3 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
CH₃CH₂OH: 46 g/moleO₂: 32 g/moleCO₂: 44 g/moleH₂O: 18 g/moleBy reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
CH₃CH₂OH: 1 mole× 46 g/mole= 46 gramsO₂: 3 moles ×32 g/mole= 96 gramsCO₂: 2 moles ×44 g/mole= 88 gramsH₂O: 3 moles ×18 g/mole= 54 gramsSTP conditionsThe STP conditions refer to the standard temperature and pressure. The values are 0 °C and 1 atmosphere and are reference values for gases. In these conditions 1 mole of any gas occupies an approximate volume of 22.4 liters.
Moles of O₂ requiredIt can be applied the following rule of three: if by reaction stoichiometry 46 grams of ethanol react with 3 moles of O₂, 2.3 grams of ethanol react with how many moles of O₂?
moles of O₂= (2.3 grams of ethanol× 3 moles of O₂)÷ 46 grams of ethanol
moles of O₂= 0.15 moles
Then, 0.15 moles of O₂ react.
Volume of NO createdNow, you can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of STP conditions 1 mole of O₂ occupies a volume of 22.4 liters, 0.15 moles occupies how much volume?
volume= (0.15 moles× 22.4 L)÷ 1 mole
volume= 3.36 L
Finally, the volume of O₂ is 3.36 L.
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what glassware item is meant to be used to move liquid in an accurate and precise manner.
A pipette is a piece of glassware that is designed to have to accurately and precisely transport liquid.
What is the best explanation of a liquid?A form of substance known as a liquid has characteristics that make this less stiff than that of a solid but far more rigid than that of a gas. Unlike a solid, which has a defined form, a liquid may flow. In contrast, a liquid takes on shape of the jar it is kept in.
What makes anything liquid?Liquids are just fluids. The particles in a liquid get a lot more flexibility to move about than those in a solid. In a liquid, the forces that hold the atoms that make up a solid are just momentary.
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when hcl(aq) is added to the solution containing co(h2o)62 (aq) the color changed from pink to blue. when agno3(aq) is added to this solution, what color will the solution be?
The color change from blue to white is due to the fact that AgCl is an opaque solid that does not allow light to pass through, making the solution appear white.
When aqueous HCl is added to a solution containing cobalt(II) hydroxide [Co(H2O)6]2+, the pink color of the solution changes to blue because the reaction produces cobalt(II) chloride [CoCl2]2+ and water:
Co(H2O)6^2+ + 6 HCl ⇒ CoCl2^2+ + 6 H2O
When aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) is added to this solution, the cobalt(II) chloride will react with silver nitrate to form a precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl), which is white:
CoCl2^2+ + AgNO3 -> Co(NO3)2^2+ + AgCl (precipitate)
Therefore, the solution will turn white after the addition of AgNO3.
The reaction between cobalt(II) chloride [CoCl2]2+ and silver nitrate (AgNO3) is a classic example of a precipitation reaction. Precipitation reactions occur when two ionic compounds are mixed together and the positively charged cations and negatively charged anions combine to form an insoluble solid that separates from the solution. In this case, the cation is CoCl2^2+ and the anion is NO3^-, which combine to form AgCl, an insoluble solid. The reaction is a double replacement reaction, in which the cations and anions switch partners to form new compounds.
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Select the appropriate bond dipoles for the carbon-magnesium bonds of dimethylmagnesium. H3C-Mg-CH3
—>H3C-Mg-CH3<—Carbon is more electronegative than magnesium. So Carbon gets a partial negative charge and Mg gets a partial positive charge. The bond dipole for dimethylmaganesium.
Is magnesium or carbon more electronegative?Magnesium has a partial positive charge because bound pairs of electrons are drawn to it more than carbon, which has a partial negative charge since carbon is more electronegative than magnesium.
What kind of bond does the Grignard reagent's carbon-magnesium link have?An extremely polar carbon-magnesium bond, in which the carbon atom has a partial negative charge and the metal a partial positive charge, characterizes a Grignard reagent. The carbon-magnesium link is more polar than the haloalkanes' carbon-halogen bond.
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Dimethylmagnesium has polar C-Mg bonds with bond dipoles pointing towards the carbon atoms in both CH3 groups.
1. Draw the skeletal structure of dimethylmagnesium, with a magnesium (Mg) atom in the center, bonded to two methyl (CH3) groups, one on each side.
2. Determine the electronegativity difference between the carbon (C) and magnesium (Mg) atoms. Carbon has an electronegativity of 2.55, while magnesium has an electronegativity of 1.31. The difference is 2.55 - 1.31 = 1.24.
3. Since the electronegativity difference between C and Mg is greater than 0.4, the bond between them is polar, and thus has a bond dipole.
4. Draw an arrow on each of the C-Mg bonds to represent the bond dipoles. The arrow should start from the magnesium atom (Mg) and point towards the carbon atom (C), indicating that the bond dipole is directed towards the more electronegative carbon.
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