In addition, the sodium-potassium pump activates integrators that regulate the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway, intracellular calcium, and reactive oxygen species. The majority of the ATP produced by human cells is used to maintain sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) concentration gradients.
What happens when sodium and potassium move against concentration gradients?Sodium and potassium move in the opposite direction of the concentration gradients. The Na+ K+-ATPase pump maintains a gradient of higher sodium concentrations extracellularly and higher potassium levels intracellularly.
What exactly is the sodium-potassium pump mechanism?The sodium-potassium pump is a cellular mechanism that transports sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions against a concentration gradient using Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The pump mechanism's purpose is to keep the potassium ion concentration constant.
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In normal decimal form and scientific notation
differentiate between an ion and a free radical
The key difference between free radical and ion is that the free radicals have one or more unpaired electron, but ions have paired electrons.
What is the Paired and Unpaired Electrons?
Unpaired electrons are the ones that appear in an orbital alone, while paired electrons are the ones that appear in an orbital as pairs in an atom. So, in the orbital, paired electrons always appear as two electrons, whereas unpaired electrons always appear as a single electron. The main distinction between paired and unpaired electrons is this. Additionally, whereas unpaired electrons result in paramagnetism or ferromagnetism in atoms, paired electrons cause diamagnetism in atoms.
What is Diamagnetism ?A change in the orbital motion of electrons caused by an applied magnetic field induces diamagnetism, a very weak form of magnetism. This magnetism is transient and only endures when an outside field is present.
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Scientists conducting research found a new type of plastic. They are doing experiments to learn about its properties. Why would the scientists want to repeat their experiments?
Group of answer choices
C. to test different plastics
D. to try to color the plastic different colors
B. to make sure the data they collect are accurate
A. to check that this plastic is the same as another plastic
To make sure the data they collect are accurate
scientific method is a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesesaction research are studies carried out in the course of an activity or occupation, typically in the field of education, to improve the methods and approach of those involvedresearch problem are the tatement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the needed for comprehensive understanding and deliberate investigationTo know more about scientific method visit :
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You add 7.3 gg iron to 23.90 mlml of water and observe that the volume of iron and water together is 24.83 mlml . calculate the density of iron.
Volume of Iron is therefore 7.8g/cm^3
The formula for [tex]density(\rho) = \frac{Mass(m)}{Volume(v)}[/tex]
m = 7.3g
v = 24.83ml - 23.90ml = 0.93ml
Since 1ml = 1cm^3, the new volume = 0.93/cm^3
Using the formula [tex]\\ density(\rho) = \frac{7.3g}{0.93cm^{3} } = 7.8g/cm^{3}[/tex]
Volume is a measure of occupied third-dimensional space. It is frequently quantified numerically the use of SI derived gadgets (such as the cubic meter and liter) or through a number imperial units (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). The definition of size (cubed) is interrelated with volume. The volume of a container is typically understood to be the capability of the container; i.e., the amount of fluid (gas or liquid) that the container may want to hold, as a substitute than the quantity of space the container itself displaces.
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Write a short evaluation of the article’s reliability and scientific worth. Support your evaluation with specific examples from the article.
It is important to make sure the information is accurate whether writing a research paper, practising a speech, or working on any other project that depends on data from outside sources.
Investigate the method of determining a source's dependability, credibility, and reliability.Let us write a short evaluation on OZONE HOLE.
A large portion of the Sun's bright radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer, a shield region of the stratosphere. It has a large concentration of ozone.
It contains oxygen atoms that shield the surroundings from harmful radiation, such as brilliant beams, that are emitted by the sun and are available in space.
The ozone opening is less of a gap in the windshield and more of a dip. There is neither a uniform thinning of the ozone layer nor does the ozone disappear through it. The French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson also discovered it in 1913.
A size of 7.6 million square miles (19.7 square kilometres) was reached by the ozone opening in 2017 before it started to close. The distance increased to 8 million square miles in 2016.
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When 2.16g of mercuric oxide is heated, it decomposes to yield 2.00g of mercury and 0.16g of oxygen. which law is supported by this experiment?
The experiment described in the question given above supports the law of conservation of mass.
What is Decomposition?In chemistry, decomposition may be defined as a type of chemical reaction through which one reactant molecule significantly breaks down into two or more product molecules.
The same concept is applied in the question as well where the heating of mercuric oxide produces mercury and oxygen. According to the question, the mass of the reactant is equal to 2.16g, while the mass of the product is equal to 2.00 g plus 0.16 g which is togetherly 2.16 g.
Therefore, the experiment described in the question given above supports the law of conservation of mass.
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A teacher carried out a class demonstration on
diffusion similar to that using ammonia (M = 17)
and hydrochloric acid (M = 36.5) (Figure 1.21).
However, they replaced the ammonia with
methylamine (M, = 31), which reacts in a similar
way to ammonia (note that M, is the relative
molecular mass of the substance).
g water
a
Where would you predict the position of the
smoke ring to be in this experiment? Explain
your answer
One of the hydrogens in the NH3 is replaced in the first reaction by the methyl group, or -CH3. The NH3 can have more than one H substituted for it, therefore the final product frequently comprises a blend of methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine.
A halogenoalkane and ethanolic ammonia can be used in a nucleophilic substitution process to produce primary aliphatic amines like methylamine (CH3NH2).
NH3 + CH3Cl = HCl + CH3NH2
The process is challenging because any unreacted ammonia can react with the generated HCl:
NH3+HCl yields NH4Cl.
Since the N in CH3NH2 still has a single pair of electrons, it can act as a base and interact with the HCl that is created in one of the following ways:
CH3NH2+HCl becomes CH3NH3+Cl.
or as a nucleophile and react with any chloromethane that hasn't been reacted:
(CH3)2NH + HCl = CH3NH2 + CH3Cl
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How many kinds of chemically non-equivalent hydrogens are there in each of the following compounds?.
There are three non-equivalent sets of hydrogens are there in each of the following compounds.
Hydrogen is the simplest element. Each hydrogen atom has only one proton. Hydrogen is also the most abundant element in the universe. Stars like the Sun are mostly made of hydrogen. The sun is essentially a giant ball of hydrogen and helium gas. Hydrogen water is pure water with extra hydrogen molecules added. Hydrogen (H2) is the most abundant molecule known to man. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. In any case, in 2007 a Japanese group discovered that inhaled hydrogen gas could act as a cancer preventive (antioxidant) agent.
Found in the Sun and most stars, Jupiter is composed primarily of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most abundant form of water on earth. As a gas in the atmosphere, it is present in trace amounts, less than 1 ppm by volume.
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claudia performed a flame test in her lab. the result of her flame test is shown here. what scientific questions could claudia ask about the flame? check all that apply. what element causes this flame color? is this the prettiest flame color? will the flame color change if another element is added? will changing the temperature affect the flame color? which flame test does the class like the best?
The scientific questions Claudia can ask about the flame test are (A), (C), and, (D).
The flame test is used to find sure factors, which on heating deliver a particular colour to the flame.
clinical questions are extraordinary from regular questions as they've a prior goal and need to be testable.
a very good scientific question is absolutely reality-primarily based and may be answered through experiment or using previous evidence.
three principal kinds of clinical questions are Verification questions, size, or statement-based totally facts series, which include specific capabilities of an organism or phenomenon.
The clinical questions Claudia ask is-
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When substance a reacts with substance b, a new substance c is formed. based on this information, we can say that:_________-
When substance a reacts with substance b, a new substance c is formed. based on this information, we can say that the given chemical reaction is spontaneous.
When two or more reactants combine together to form a final product without the loss of any atoms present in the reactants the reaction is known as addition reaction.
If a and b are elements, then they react with each other and form the compound c. Thus this will be the example of combination reaction in which one or more elements combine to form a compound. As no external energy is provided i.e., heat energy or catalyst , so we can also say that the given reaction is spontaneous.
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How many grams of glucose (c6h2o6 molecular mass =180 daltons) would be present in one liter of a 1 m (molar) solution of glucose?
There are 180 grams of glucose in 1 liter of a 1 M solution.
What do we know about glucose?Blood sugar, often known as glucose, is the main sugar found in your blood. It comes from the food you eat and is used as your body's main energy source. Your blood supplies glucose to all of the cells in your body, which then uses it as fuel.
Diabetes is a disorder when your blood sugar levels are too high.
moles = volume x molarity
moles = 1 L x 1 mol/L = 1 mol
mass = moles x molecular weight
mass = 1 mol x 180 g/mol = 180 g(we know that 180 daltons = 180 g/mol)
Therefore, 1 litre of a 1 M solution has 180 grammes of glucose.
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There are 180 grams of glucose in 1 liter of a 1 M solution.
Calculating:
moles = volume x molarity moles
= 1 L x 1 mol/L = 1 mole mass
= moles x molecular weight mass
= 1 mol x 180 g/mol = 180 g(we know that 180 daltons = 180 g/mol)
Therefore, 1 litre of a 1 M solution has 180 grams of glucose
What can we know about glucose?
Blood sugar, often referred to as glucose, is that the main sugar found in your blood. It comes from the food you eat and is employed as your body's main energy source. Your blood supplies glucose to all or any of the cells in your body, which then uses it as fuel.
Diabetes may be a disorder when your blood sugar levels are too high..
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A chlorine atom that has gained an electron and has an overall negative charge is an example of a(n) ______. multiple choice question.
A chlorine atom that has gained an electron and has an overall negative charge is an example of an anion. The correct option is a.
What are anions?Anions are the negatively charged particles of the atom. There are two types of ions, anions, and cations. Cations are positively charged ions.
A chlorine atom has gained an electron, when atoms gain an electron, it attains negative charges. So, when a negative charge is attained, it converts into an anion. The element will be called an anion. When it donates electrons, it attains a positive charge.
Thus, the correct option is a, anion.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
anion
cation
proton
ions.
6. You are asked to calculate the density of an unknown metal block. The mass of the block was measured to be 83.0 g. When the block was placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the volume of the block was measured as 17.2 mL. Calculate the density of this unknown metal.
Density of the unknown metal is 4.82 g/mL
A substance's density is defined as its mass per unit of volume. Density is most frequently represented by the symbol ρ.The volume and mass of the substance must be known in order to compute density.Given,
mass of block is 83 g
When the block was placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the volume of the block was 17.2 mL.
we have to find density with the help of these two terms,
As we know,
Density = Mass/volume
therefore,
Density = 83 / 17.2
= 4.82 g/mL
thus, density of unknown metal block is 4.82g/mL
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Matter is a substance that has ________.
Answer:
matter is substance that has mass.
Answer: Mass and Volume?
Explanation:
Calculate the density of an acid if 138.4 mL of the avid weighs 16.14g
Answer:
[tex]0.12g/cm^3[/tex]
Explanation:
Firstly, you should use this formula :
[tex]Density=\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
We know the mass is 16.14g, and volume as [tex]138.4ml[/tex].
Also remember to convert [tex]ml[/tex] to [tex]cm^3[/tex], where [tex]1ml = 1cm^3[/tex]
Therefore, [tex]138.4ml=138.4cm^3[/tex].
Substitute the value :
[tex]\frac{16.14g}{138.4cm^3}=0.1166g/cm^3[/tex]
Rounding it to 2 significant figure :
[tex]0.12g/cm^3[/tex]
Hope this helpedWhat type of molecule is shown below?
Answer:
It is an alkene
Explanation:
First, this is a hydrocarbon because it has only carbons and hydrogens. Second, we see the C=C which is a double bond. Double bonds between carbons make it an alkene.
Hydrogen sulfide gas is reacted with dioxygen gas to produce gaseous sulfur dioxide and water. True or false?.
Hydrogen sulfide gas is reacted with dioxygen gas to produce gaseous sulfur dioxide and water. It is false.
When hydrogen sulfide gas reacts with dioxygen gas, it produces water and solid Sulphur and not gaseous sulfur. The chemical equation of the given substances is :
2H2S + O2 → 2S + 2H20
It is a redox reaction as both Oxidation and reduction happens in it. Oxidation of hydrogen sulphur to sulphur happens and reductions of oxygen to water takes place.
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the diameter of a hydrogen atom is about 1.04 cross times 10 to the power of short dash 10 end exponent meters. a protein molecule has an overall length of 1000 times (1 cross times 10 cubed) the diameter of a hydrogen atom.
The diameter of a hydrogen atom is 1.04 × 10⁻⁷ meters.
Diameter or the atomic radius of an atom is a measure of the size of that atom. It is distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost isolated electron of an atom.
d(H) = 1.04 × 10⁻¹⁰ m; a diameter of hydrogen atom
If a protein molecule has an overall length of 1000 times(1×10³) the diameter of a hydrogen atom, than:
d(protein) = 1.04 × 10⁻¹⁰ m × 1×10³
d(protein) = 1.04 × 10⁻⁷ m; diameter of a protein molecule
Protein is composed of amino acid linked with peptide bond.
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Around 1750 Benjamin Franklin knew of two opposite types of electric charge, produced by rubbing a glass rod or amber rod with fir. He decided that the charge developed on the glass rod should be "positive" charge, and from there on charges were defined. What would have changed if Franklin had decided the amber rod was the positive charge?
If Benjamin Franklin had decided to call the charge on the amber rod positive, nothing would have changed only that we would have a different convention for identifying charges.
What would have changed?We know that electricity has to do with the flow of current, there are fundamentally two kinds of charge, a positive and a negative charge. We know that the kind of charge that a material carries is arbitrary.
As we can see here, it was Benjamin Franklin in 1750 that defined the charge on the glass rod and the charge on the amber rod as negative. If Benjamin Franklin had decided to call the charge on the amber rod positive, nothing would have changed only that we would have a different convention for identifying charges.
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The pancreas releases _________ to buffer the ph of the stomach juices. a strong base to counter the strong acid pepsin nahco3 hcl atpase activating protein
The pancreas releases NaHCO₃ to buffer the pH of the stomach juices.
Balanced chemical equation for reaction of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃) and hydrochloric acid (main acid in stomach juices):
NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + CO₂ + HCl.
Hydrogen carbonate mixed is used to neutralizes stomach acidity, it converts stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) to carbon dioxide.
Buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components and it is able to neutralize small amounts of added acid or base, pH of the solution is relatively stable.
Other molecules cannot buffer the pH because there are bases or very strong acids.
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The empirical formula of a compound with molecules containing 12 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms is?
The empirical formula of a compound with molecules containing 12 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms is C₆H₇O₃.
The empirical formula gives the proportions of the elements present in a compound.
In this compound proportion od carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms is:
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 12 : 14 : 6 /÷2; in this example, molecular formula is divided by two
n(C) : n(H) : n(O) = 6 : 7 : 3
In the empirical formula, the proportion od carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms is 6 : 7 : 3, so the empirical formula is C₆H₇O₃.
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A student in chm 11500 lab measured the mass of a 250-ml erlenmeyer flask and recorded it as 79. 83 g. She added 10. 00 ml of deionized water from a 25-ml buret to the flask. The mass of the flask plus the water was 89. 82 g. The temperature of the water was 22 °c. What is the calculated volume of the water that the student measured?.
An Erlenmeyer flask is also termed as conical flask and titration flask. Invented in the year 1860. It is made up of glass and plastic. Inventer - Emil Erlenmeyer
Weight of empty erlenmeyel flask = 79.83 g
Weight after addition of water = 89.82 g
Weight of water = 89.82 - 79.83 = 9.99 g
Density of water at 22 deg celcius = 0.99777
Density = mass / volume
Volume = mass / density
= 9.99 g / 0.99777 g/ ml
= 10.01 ml
Calculated volume of water that the student measured is 10.01 ml.
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Table sugar has the chemical formula C 12 H 22O 11 what is the ratio of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms in this compound
In this compound, the proportion of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms is 12: 11.
What distinguishes an atom of carbon as such?
The nucleus of a carbon atom is made up of six protons and six neutrons, and it is encased in six electrons. According to quantum physics, the first two electrons must occupy the innermost atomic orbital, while the wavefunctions of the following four electrons only partially fill the second standard and three second principal orbitals.
How are atoms located in a compound?
Calculate the element's molar mass using the periodic table. To determine the atoms, the number of moles, divide the given mass in grams by the molar mass. To get the number of atoms, multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number.
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How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 2g of water 5°C
Answer:this case, the mass is 2.0g, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J/g/K, and the change in temperature is 5.0°C=5K , therefore the energy needed to raise it is: 5×2×4.18=41.8J
Explanation:
Apply to explain why a hydrogen atom can become either an ion or a part of a molecule.
Yes, it can be used for either an ion or a part of a molecule.
What is ion?Ions are any atom or molecule having a net electrical charge. A proton's charge, which is generally believed to be positive, is equal to and opposite to the charge of an electron, which is supposed to be negative. It has the ability to either gain or lose one electron, allowing it to change into an ion. It can join a molecule because it can form covalent bonds with other atoms to finish a full valence shell.
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A hydrogen atom can become either an ion or a part of a molecule. It can become an ion because it can lose or gain an electron. It can become an element of a molecule because it can form covalent bonds with other atoms to gain a full valence shell.
What is ion?Ions are any atom or molecule having a net electrical charge. A proton's charge, which is usually believed to be positive, is adequate to and opposite to the charge of an electron, which is meant to be negative.
It has the ability to either gain or lose one electron, allowing it to vary into an ion. It can join a molecule because it can form covalent bonds with other atoms to end a full valence shell.
Why do two hydrogen atoms combine to make a molecule?
Hydrogen has number 1. So it's one electron and 1 proton. So to finish it's octet it need one more electron. So, to become stable it forms hydrogen molecule by sharing it's electron with another H atom and thus forms a chemical bond .
Is hydrogen an ion or neutral atom?
Hydrogen is that the smallest chemical element. it's one proton and one electron, making it neutral. However, the ions of atom are charged species.
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When nad becomes nadh, it is being? oxidized and releasing chemical energy. reduced and gaining chemical energy. oxidized and gaining chemical energy. reduced and releasing chemical energy.
When NAD becomes NADH, it is being reduced and gaining chemical energy.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme, can exist in two forms, NAD⁺ (oxidized) and NADH (reduced form).
Electrons and protons released in catabolism reactions are attached to NAD⁺. The conversion of NAD⁺ to NADH is important reaction for production of ATP during the cellular respiration.
Reduction is lowering oxidation number because element, ion or compound gain electrons.
Chemical equation for reaction of reduction of NAD⁺ (see picture below):
NAD⁺ + 2e⁻ + H⁺ → NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is made of two nucleosides joined by pyrophosphate.
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A molecule has an empirical formula of ch, and its molar mass is known to be 26 g/mol. What is its molecular formula?.
The molecular formula of a molecule that has an empirical formula of ch and its molar mass is known to be 26 g/mol is C₂H₂
What is the molecular formula?The molecular formula of a compound is the total number of atoms present in a molecule of the compound.
The empirical formula of the molecule is the simplest whole number of atoms of a compound.
The empirical formula of the molecule is ch
The molar mass is 26 g/mol
So, the molecular formula will be C₂H₂ and the compound is acetylene. It is a hydrocarbon.
Thus, the molecular formula of the molecule is C₂H₂.
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Two+isotopes+of+rubidium+occur+naturally,+rubidium+85+(84.91+amu)+at+72.17%+and+rubidium-87+(86.91+amu)+at+27.83%.+what+is+the+atomic+mass+of+rubidium?
Two isotopes of rubidium occur naturally, rubidium 85 (84.91 amu) at 72.17 % and rubidium 87 (86.91 amu) at 27.83 %. The atomic mass of rubidium is 85.468 μ.
To find the atomic mas of rubidium -
Determining the average atomic mass of an element, we take the average weight of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes. This means that all the isotopes together are calculated by multiplying the atomic mass and the percentage of abundance. So we have a sum of all the different isotopes ( which is 100 % of abundance)
For naturally occurring rubidium, there are 2 isotopes.
mass of Rb-85 x abundance + mass of Rb-87 x abundance -
84.9118 x 0.7217 + 86.9092 x 0.2783 = 85.46767642 = 85.468 μ
On the periodic table, we can see for Rubidium
85.468 μ which is the average atomic mass of Rubidium and also for its two naturally occurring isotopes.
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Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom? electrons only neutrons only protons and neutrons protons and electrons
The type of subatomic particles that can be located within the nucleus of an atom is protons and neutrons. The correct option is C.
What are subatomic particles?Subatomic particles are those particles that are present inside the atoms. These are present in different locations inside the atom. They are charged particles.
An electron is a negatively charged particle that rotates around the nucleus and a neutron is neutral, and a proton is a positively charged particle. Proton and neutrons are present inside the nucleus.
Thus, the correct option is C. protons and neutrons.
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A solution is made by dissolving 4.92 g of glucose (c6h12o6) in to 165 ml of water. the molality of this solution is ________ m, if the density of water is 1.00 g/ml.
The molality of this solution is 0.165 m.
m(glucose) = 4.92 grams; mass of glucose
V(water) = 165.0 mL; volume of water
d(water) = 1.00 g/mL; the density of water
M(glucose) = 180 g/mol; molar mass of glucose
n(glucose) = m(glucose) / M(glucose)
moles of glucose = mass of glucose / Molar mass of glucose
n(glucose) = 4.92 g / 180 g/mol
n(glucose) = 0.027 mol
m(water) = 1.00 g/mL x 165 mL
m(water) = 165 g = 0.165 kg
molality = number of moles / mass of water
b(solution) = 0.027 mol / 0.165 kg
b(solution) = 0.165 mol/kg; molality of the solution
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