Anaerobic cell respiration results in a low ATP yield from glucose. First, glucose is converted to pyruvate, and NADH and ATP are produced. Pyruvate is then converted to lactic acid in lactic acid fermentation.
Pyruvate is disposed of differently in anaerobic environments. Lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic enzyme, converts pyruvate to lactate instead of allowing it to enter mitochondria. This reaction also permits the regeneration of NAD+ from NADH, even though lactate itself isn't used directly as an energy source by the cell. To keep glucose moving through glycolysis, NAD+, an oxidizing cofactor, is required. A direct method of generating energy without the use of oxygen, glycolysis yields two ATP for every glucose molecule. Anaerobic glycolysis is the name for the procedure that breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen.
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the genetic foundation of a particular phenotype that includes contributions of dna from both parents is called___
An individual who is homozygous obtains the same alleles for a particular gene from both parents.
When both of the parent-contributed genes require the same allele, what is it known as?Every gene in an organism has one allele, which is inherited from each of the organism's parents. When both parents pass on the same allele of a gene, the resultant child is said to be homozygous (homo means "same") for that allele.
What phrase describes an organism's inherited genetic make-up?The genetic make-up of a particular organism is known as its agenotype. The term genotype is used by biologists to distinguish between an organism's phenotype, which comprises of its observable traits, and its genotype.
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replication is the synthesis of _______, and transcription is the synthesis of _______.
Replication is the synthesis of an exact copy of DNA; and transcription is the synthesis of an RNA copy of DNA.
A double-stranded DNA molecule is copied in the DNA replication process to create two identical DNA molecules. The need for replication arises from the fact that every time a cell splits, the two daughter cells must share the same genetic material, or DNA, as the parent cell.
The process of creating an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence is known as transcription in the context of genomics. The DNA-encoded protein information for the gene is carried by this copy, known as messenger RNA (mRNA). MRNA is utilised to synthesise the encoded protein in humans and other complex creatures. It goes from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm (watery center) of the cell.
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investigating life 2.1 discusses how tawny crazy ants survive fire ant stings. based on observed behaviors in crazy ants, the researchers hypothesized that crazy ants use their venom to neutralize the fire ant sting. how did the researchers test their hypothesis?
They compared survival after fire ant stings of crazy ants with plugged and unplugged venom glands. The terminal portion of each branch is made up of the more common or secretory epithelium.
As growth continues, the column of cells may divide or release offspring, in which case a complex gland is produced. While some glands, like the pancreas and salivary glands, constantly develop and divide to eventually become a very huge structure, many glands have a finite number of branches. The liver is an exception to the rule since there forms a reticulated compound gland; normally, the branches do not connect together. In compound glands, the connecting segments, which form ducts, are lined with a less changed type of epithelial cell.
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Where along the horizontal axis are the oldest areas of the seafloor?
Answer: The oldest areas of the seafloor are around the edges of continents and deep see trenches, especially the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Explanation:
describe the locations and functions of the sensory, association, and motor areas of the cerebral cortex.
The cerebral cortex can be divided into three major functional areas. These are: Sensory areas, Motor areas, Association areas.
What are the locations and functions of the areas of cerebral cortex?Sensory areas: These areas are those that receive and process data from the sense organs. Vision is sensed by the main visual cortex. The primary auditory cortex and primary somatosensory cortex, respectively, are responsible for perceiving hearing and touch. In the temporal lobe's superior temporal gyrus is the primary auditory cortex. The parietal lobe houses the primary somatosensory cortex, while the occipital lobe houses the primary visual cortex.
Motor areas: Both hemispheres of the cortex contain the motor regions. These play a major role in the regulation of volumtary movements. The left side of the body is controlled by the right half of the motor region, and vice versa.
Association areas: They integrate information from different receptors or sensory areas and relate the information to past experiences. The association area is located in frontal lobes.
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What is the fourth most populous country, after china, india, and the united states?
The fourth most populous country, after China, India, and the United States is Indonesia.
According to the results of the national census conducted in 2020, the population of Indonesia has increased to 270.20 million, up from 237.64 million in 2010. In terms of total population, Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation of the world. Java is the island with the highest population density in the world, and it is home to around 55 percent of Indonesia's total inhabitants.
In spite of a family planning program that has been in place in Indonesia since 1967 and is considered to be quite effective, Indonesia's annual population growth averaged over 1.1% for the decade that ended in 2020, resulting in a population increase of about 13% for that same decade.
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what structure connects the highlighted muscle cells to one another? the image shows red stripes with rounded small black structures inside. the highlighted structure is a rectangular portion of such a stripe.what structure connects the highlighted muscle cells to one another? intercalated discs tight junctions z discs sarcomeres
In the heart, connections between cardiac muscle cells are known as intercalated discs. Cellular junction proteins are a component of these structures, which are specific to cardiac muscle cells.
Since arthropods have an open circulatory system and a straightforward tubular heart, it has been predicted that their cardiac muscles' ability to contract and pump blood will be less effective than that of vertebrates.
According to histology, each sarcolemma's boundary lamina joins the basement membrane to create an elastic sheath, and the extracellular matrix enables the cells to attach to other tissues. The intercalated disc has desmosomes that hold the fibers together during cardiac muscle contraction and gap junctions for depolarization because it is a component of the sarcolemma.
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which of the following statement/statements among a-e regarding microbes is/are true? a. the classification of microbes into domains revealed the existence of two distinct taxonomic groups of prokaryotes. b. archaea is a type of eukaryotic unicellular microorganism often found living in extreme conditions. c. viruses are a type of prokaryotic cell that requires a host to replicate. d. all prokaryotes are generally considered microbes, but not all eukaryotes are considered microbes. e. your own cells far outnumber those comprising your microbiome. f. two of a-e are true. g. all of a-e are true.
Option A and D are true- A. The identification of two distinct taxonomic groups of prokaryotes as a result of the division of microbes into domains.
D. While not all eukaryotes are microbes, all prokaryotes are typically regarded as such.
Microbes are incredibly tiny living things that are present all around us but are invisible to the human eye. They can be found in the water, on land, and in the air. The human body is home to millions of these microbes, also known as microorganisms.
While some microbes can make us ill, others are essential to our health. The three most common types are bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Another class of microbes are protozoa. Malaria and toxoplasmosis are brought on by these microscopic organisms.
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media used to isolate specific types of microorganisms from saliva, feces, or any other sample that contains many microbial species are called
Media used to isolate specific types of microorganisms from saliva, feces, or any other sample that contains many microbial species are called selective media.
When isolating or identifying a specific organism, the use of selective and differential mediums is necessary. The growth of other sorts of organisms is inhibited by selective media, which only enable particular kinds of organisms to flourish. There are a few different approaches that can be taken to achieve selectivity.
For instance, organisms that are able to consume a certain sugar can be easily tested for utilization of that sugar by making that sugar the only carbon source present in the medium. The addition of dyes, antibiotics, salts, or specialized inhibitors that have an effect on the metabolism or enzyme systems of the organisms is another method that can be used to produce selective inhibition of certain types of bacteria.
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kenard has deficient adrenal glands and they have not functioned properly since birth. which symptom is kenard most likely to experience as a result?
kenard has deficient adrenal glands, and they have not functioned properly since birth. kenard will most likely to experience as a result high levels of stress even in non-stressful situations.
The process through which the embryo and the fetus develop throughout a viviparous mammal's pregnancy is referred to as "prenatal development." Prenatal development which starts with fertilization and lasts until birth which includes the fetal growth stage. Antenatal development is also known for prenatal development in human pregnancy. The human embryo develops during the fetal stage after fertilization. By the conclusion of the tenth week of gestation, the embryo has developed into the basic shape; at this stage, it is referred to as a fetus. The next stage of development is fetal development, during which time different organs which complete their development. At this point in pregnancy, significant events which are mentioned according to gestational age.
The complete question is:
kenard has deficient adrenal glands and they have not functioned properly since birth. which symptom is kenard most likely to experience as a result?
A. high levels of stress even in non-stressful situations
B. abnormal weight gain
C. feeling tired during the day
D. irregular menstrual cycles
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which methods can be used at the dna level to test for specific mutations related to a genetic disease?
Genomic sequencing is used at DNA level to test specific mutations related to genetic disease.
Genome sequencing alludes to the most common way of deciding the request for the nucleotides bases — adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine in a particle of DNA or the genome of a creature. The strategies for sequencing have turned into a distinct advantage in current organic and clinical fields.There are several diseases that arise due to change in basic genetic makeup of an individual i.e because of some mutations.
Molecular and cytogenetic techniques are applied to test for such changes. They are termed as an appropriate tool to check any mutational alternation beforehand to suggest a better treatment within time.
Genomic sequencing is an important complex testing which helps identify genetic variants and look up to the protein encoding part of DNA. This method is used to find changes in areas of the genome.
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Initial attachment of microorganisms often involves?
Initial attachment of microorganisms often involves adhesion to surfaces or host cells.
Adhesion is typically accomplished by particular interactions between microbe cell surface components and corresponding receptors on surfaces or host cells. Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are examples of the cell surface components involved in adhesion, and the receptors on host cells may be particular proteins or glycoproteins.
The kind of microorganism, the surface or host cell, and environmental circumstances all have an impact on adhesion. Microorganisms can bind to and release from surfaces or host cells during the dynamic process of adhesion.
Adhesion is crucial for a number of reasons. It gives microorganisms a way to attach themselves to surfaces or host cells, which is essential for their survival and growth.
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a bacterium that only possesses the ability to ferment obtains energy
A bacterium that only possesses the ability to ferment obtains energy by the process of the fermentation into the energy without the use of the oxygen.
Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts organic motes, similar as carbohydrates, into energy without the use of oxygen. This is in discrepancy to respiration, which relies on oxygen to produce energy. Bacteria that are able of stirring gain energy from the breakdown of carbohydrates,
Similar as glucose, into lower motes, similar as lactic acid or ethanol. During Fermentation, the bacteria use their enzymes to break down the carbohydrates into simpler motes and release energy in the form of ATP. The bacteria don't produce oxygen as a derivate, but rather produce waste products similar as lactic acid.
The question is incomplete the complete question is:
A bacterium that only possesses the ability to ferment obtains energy from ?
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Malaria is a tropical, mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasitic protist, Plasmodium. The species P. falciparum is particularly deadly, killing about 1 million people each year. There has been considerable debate over the origin of this species. Use this recent phylogenetic evidence to determine if P. falciparum originated from another strain of Plasmodium in humans, in chimpanzees, or in gorillas. Explain your reasoning.
a. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in gorillas because P. falciparum shares a most recent common ancestor with Plasmodium in gorillas.
b. P. falciparum originated independently from all of these Plasmodium species.
c. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in chimpanzees because P. falciparum shares a most major common ancestor with Plasmodium in chimpanzees.
d. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in humans because P. falciparum has originally developed from the common strain of humans and from this strain developed all Plasmodium species, including P. falciparum.
The phylogenetic evidence to determine if P. falciparum originated from another strain of Plasmodium is option a. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in gorillas because P. falciparum shares a most recent common ancestor with Plasmodium in gorillas.
When a mosquito bites an individual who has malaria and then affects another individual who does not have the disease, the disease is disseminated. An infectious disease that affects the entire planet, malaria continues to be the greatest reason for mortality and morbidity in the impoverished countries.
The most dangerous P. falciparum infections are those that affect the central nervous system (cerebral malaria), have acute renal failure, or severe anaemia. Severe symptoms can also occur in other animals.
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what are the health benefits of fried rice
Answer:
Contains Powerful Antioxidant: Many types of vegetables like carrots and capsicum are also used in it, having the right amount of antioxidants and helping the body fight against many harmful bacteria. ...
Muscle Formation: Fried rice is recommended to consume for muscle formation.
Explanation: Hope this helps!! :))) Mark me brainlest! :))
what is considered a dangerously low blood pressure
Hypotension is considered a dangerously low blood pressure.
Hypotension is indicated by a blood pressure measurement that is much lower than 90/60 mm Hg. If your blood pressure drops too low, you could end up fainting, feeling dizzy, or even death. In most cases, low blood pressure is not a condition that can be treated, with the exception of cases in which it arises in elderly patients.
A abrupt drop in blood pressure can be life-threatening. A shift of as little as 20 mm Hg, such as a reduction from 110 mm Hg systolic to 90 mm Hg systolic, can lead to nausea and faint. And significant decreases, such as those resulting from uncontrolled bleeding, serious infections, or allergic reactions, can be fatal.
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I am sure how to identify this and please help me delete a post in brainly ASAP!
Answer: Unfortunately you cannot delete posts in Brainly.
Explanation: However, I'm sure that posts do get deleted if they are inappropriate.
Tay-sachs occurs when cannot clean up cellular debris.a. Trueb. False
It is true that Tay-Sachs develops when cells cannot clear away debris.
A genetic disorder with a focus on the nervous system is Tay-Sachs disease. It is brought on by a lack of the hexosaminidase A enzyme, which normally aids in the breakdown of the fatty compound GM2 ganglioside. Disease develops when cellular debris cannot be removed.
When GM2 ganglioside builds up in the brain and nervous system of Tay-Sachs patients, it causes progressive damage that ultimately results in death. Tay-Sachs disease is most frequently diagnosed in infants and is characterized by symptoms like seizures, muscle weakness, vision loss, and developmental delays.
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What does the graph show?
The S and P waves travel the same distance through Earth’s crust in the same amount of time.
The P wave travels through Earth’s crust more quickly than the S wave travels.
It takes the P wave 18 minutes to travel 6,000 km through Earth’s crust.
It takes the S wave 11 minutes to travel 8,000 km through Earth’s crust.
The graph shows that the P wave travels through Earth’s crust more quickly than the S wave travels and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is a Graph?This is referred to as a pictorial representation or a diagram that represents data or values in an organized manner.
From the graph given below, we can deduce that it takes lesser time for the P wave to get to the same distance when compared with the S wave which means that it travels faster than it and is therefore the reason why option B was chosen as the correct choice.
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Answer:
B
Explanation:
answer
which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release?
Principal cells absorb sodium and release potassium into the lumen in response to aldosterone.
A steroid hormone called aldosterone is released by the adrenal glands. Its major function is to control how much salt and water the body retains, which has an impact on blood pressure. Your kidneys and intestines get a signal from aldosterone to increase the quantity of sodium or potassium they release into your urine or deliver into your circulation. The action of aldosterone on salt elevation allows your body to retain water within your blood, increasing blood volume. Principal cells absorb sodium and release potassium into the lumen in response to aldosterone.A substance called antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is created in the brain and makes the kidneys release less water, which reduces the volume of urine produced. The body produces less pee when ADH levels are high.
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if a pollen spore is unable to carry s proteins in its pollen coat, can plants still prevent the germination of this pollen if it is too genetically similar?
Even if a pollen spore lacks the ability to convey proteins in its pollen coat, it can nonetheless stop this pollen from germinating.
The correct option is A.
All genetic systems in flowering plants that prohibit self-fertilization by the identification and rejection of self-pollen by the flower's style are collectively referred to as self-incompatibility (SI).
This feature is a common method of managing sexual plant reproduction since it encourages outcrossing and prevents inbreeding.
Self-incompatibility (SI) is the inability of a viable hermaphrodite plant with stamens and pistils in the same flower to generate zygotes following self-pollination. The hermaphrodite flower's structural arrangement raises the possibility of self-pollination, which reduces genetic diversity.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
" If a pollen spore is unable to carry s proteins in its pollen coat, can plants still prevent the germination of this pollen if it is too genetically similar?
Multiple choice:
A. Yes, it can prevent pollen from germinating.
B. No, it cannot prevent pollen from germinating
C. Yes, but only through sporophytic SI.
D. Yes, but only gametophytic."
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as blood circulates, it transports inhaled __ from the lungs to body cells and __ from body cells to the lungs to be exhaled.
As blood circulates, it transports inhaled Oxygen from the lungs to body cells and Carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs to be exhaled.
Respiration is defined in physiology as the transfer of oxygen from the external environment to the cells within tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction, that is, back into the external environment.
The biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to a metabolic process through which an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) by oxidising nutrients and releasing waste products, differs from the physiological definition. Although cellular respiration and the subsequent maintenance of life in animals depend on physiologic respiration, the two processes are distinct: cellular respiration occurs within individual organism cells, whereas physiologic respiration deals with the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
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What are some examples of endothermic and exothermic reactions that you can see in your everyday life?
please use your own examples guys
Answer:Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions that absorb heat from their surroundings. Examples include:
Dissolving an effervescent tablet in water (releasing carbon dioxide gas)
Photosynthesis in plants
Melting of ice
Exothermic reactions are chemical reactions that release heat into their surroundings. Examples include:
Combustion of fossil fuels (e.g. gasoline, coal)
Cooking food (e.g. baking, grilling)
Rusting of iron
Respiration in humans and animals
Chemical hand warmers that release heat when activated.
Explanation:
Which structure determines the direction of root growth by sensing gravity?
a) Mucigel
b) Pith
c) Root hairs
d) Root cap
By detecting gravity, the root cap structure chooses this same direction of root growth.
The root cap, a tiny tissue just at tip of the root, serves as a barrier against environmental stress and aids in the perception of gravity. The root cap must maintain its position and size throughout root growth in order to carry out its functions. The growing root tip is covered by a multi - layered dome of spindle-shaped cell walls known as the root cap (RC). The roots of almost all crop species contain it. Gravity sensing primarily takes place in the limit, an organ that covers this same root apical meristem, in roots. In addition to acting as a sensor for various environmental cues, the root cap also protects the meristem as the root develops in the soil.
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located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna is called
Olecranon fossa is located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus and superior to the trochlea and happens to articulate with the olecranon process of the ulna.
The olecranon fossa is basically a deep triangle shaped depression present on the posterior side of the humerus and superior to the trochlea. It also happens tp provide space for the olecranon of the ulna when there is an extension of the forearm and that is where it gets its name.
The olecranon fossa is found to be located on the posterior side of the distal humerus. The joint capsule which is present in the elbow happens to attach to the humerus just proximal to the olecranon fossa. The olecranon fossa is found in a number of mammals, including dogs.
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describe the role of internal feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis
A sensor that can track changes in the state that has to be regulated, an effector mechanism that can change that condition, and a negative feedback loop between two are necessary for homeostasis. Homeostasis is depend on three mechanisms such as effector, receptor, control center.
What is homeostasis?The stable internal chemical and physical conditions that living systems sustain are known as homeostasis. For creatures to survive, homeostasis is extremely important. It's frequently interpreted as resistance to environmental changes. Additionally, homeostasis is a self-regulating mechanism that controls internal factors essential for maintaining life.
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A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in?
A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in option b.) a predator that drifts through the ocean.
Any plane that passes through the center of the body divides it into two equal halves, which is a characteristic of radial symmetry. Echinodermata and the Phylum Porifera both exhibit this kind of symmetry. They are animals with radial symmetry (which is symmetry around a central axis so that the organism can be divided into similar halves by any plane that contains the main axis). Therefore, choice B is right.
Animals that are radially symmetrical have a top and a bottom but no front or rear or obvious left and right sides. These creatures frequently have unlimited range of motion. Comparable species with bilateral symmetry include people, seals, and whales, which typically move forward or backward and have clearly defined front, back, right, and left.
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Complete question is:
A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in...
a.) a chordate that is a prey animal
b.) a predator that drifts through the ocean
c.) an animal that burrows through soil
d.) an animal that is an herbivore
e.) an animal with cephalization.
dr. doofenshmirtz conducts a study in which he compares people with the disease, summer fever, with their biological relatives. if summer fever is completely determined by genes, on average, what percentage of the identical twins of people with summer fever should also have summer fever?
About 100% of identical twins of people with summer fever should also have summer fever if the disease is completely determined by genes.
Identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins, are formed from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. This means that they have virtually the same genetic material and are therefore highly likely to share the same traits and disorders, including genetic diseases such as summer fever.
If summer fever is completely determined by genes, then it is expected that both identical twins will have the disease. It's important to note that while genetics plays a significant role in determining traits and disorders, it's not the only factor, and the presence or absence of summer fever in identical twins can also be influenced by environmental factors.
The theoretical ideal of 100% concordance for a disease or trait between identical twins does not always occur in real life. In reality, even among identical twins, there may be other genetic and environmental factors that influence the expression of a particular trait or disorder.
So the actual percentage of identical twins who both have a disease like summer fever could be lower than 100%.
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Chromatin, which consists of dna and associated proteins, undergoes coiling and condenses during cell division to form?
Chromatin, which consists of DNA and associated proteins, undergoes coiling and condenses during cell division to form chromosomes.
DNA and histones, which are bundled into fine, string-like fibers, make up chromatin. Although these chromatin fibers are not condensed, they can exist in heterochromatin, which is a compact form, or in a less compact form (euchromatin). In euchromatin, procedures like DNA replication, transcription, and recombination take place. Chromatin condenses to produce chromosomes during cell division.
Condensed chromatin is arranged in single-stranded clusters called chromosomes. Chromosomes replicate throughout the mitosis and meiosis cell division processes to make sure that each new daughter cell receives the appropriate number of chromosomes. A duplicated chromosome bears the well-known X shape and is double stranded. The centromere, which is located in the center, is where the two identical strands are joined.
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List two names for the cells that transport oxygen in the blood.
1) Red blood cells
2) Erythrocytes
3) Leukocytes
4) Platelets
5) White blood cells
6) Thrombocytes
The cells that carry oxygen in the blood are called erythrocytes, or red blood cells.
The bone marrow produces blood cells. The spongy substance in the middle of the bones called bone marrow is where all different kinds of blood cells are created.
Our bodies also have other organs and systems that assist in controlling blood cell production. The generation, decomposition, and operation of cells are regulated in part by the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Hematopoiesis is the process through which new cells are created and grow in the bone marrow.
Stem cells are the precursors of blood cells generated in the bone marrow. All blood cells begin as stem cells, often known as hematopoietic stem cells. A variety of unique cells develop as the stem cell gets older.
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