The statement is true, a chemist has three compounds of similar molecular weight, but with different dominant intermolecular forces.
A compounds with weaker intermolecular forces should have a lower boiling point compared to a compound with stronger intermolecular forces. Boiling point is directly proportional to the strength of intermolecular forces in a substance. The dominant intermolecular force in a substance determines the strength of these forces and thus affects the boiling point. For example, if one of the compounds has weak dispersion forces as its dominant intermolecular force, it should have the lowest boiling point compared to compounds with stronger forces such as hydrogen bonding or ionic bonding.
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In the example of adrenaline signaling used in the animation, suppose each amplification step produces hundredfold active molecules. How many total modified protein target molecules result from a single activated signal receptor?
If each amplification step produces hundredfold active molecules, then the total number of modified protein target molecules resulting from a single activated signal receptor would be 1,000,000.
The total number of modified protein target molecules resulting from a single activated signal receptor is 1,000,000 because each amplification step produces hundredfold active molecules.
For example, if you start with one activated signal receptor, after the first amplification step you will have 100 molecules, after the second amplification step you will have 10,000 molecules, and after the third amplification step you will have 1,000,000 molecules. This is the result of multiplying each step by a factor of 100.
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Show how a dxz atomic orbital and a pz atomic orbital overlap to form a bonding MO, assuming the x-axis is the internuclear axis.
a. Would it result in the formation of a σ- or a π-MO? Explain your rationale.
b. Identify the number of node(s) which is/are perpendicular to the bond axis.
Since the dxz atomic orbital and a pz atomic orbital do not overlap along the axis, they form a pi bond and would us a π-MO having one node
What is a pi bond?A pi bond (π bond) is a type of covalent bond that forms between two atoms by the overlap of their unhybridized p orbitals. Pi bonds are usually found in double and triple bonds between atoms, and they are weaker and less directional than the other type of covalent bond, known as the sigma bond (σ bond).
In a pi bond, the electrons occupy an orbital above and below the plane of the atoms. This creates a region of high electron density between the atoms, which leads to a stronger bond compared to a single bond.
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How many F atoms are in 5.54 g of F2?
The number of the atoms in the sample is 1.8 * 10^23 atoms.
What is the number of the Atoms?The mole is a unit of measurement in chemistry used to express amounts of a chemical substance.
The mole is used to determine the number of atoms, molecules, or other entities in a given sample of a substance.
We have to look at the concept of the mole in this question.
We know that to obtain the number of moles of the substances we have;
5.54 g /38 g/mol
= 0.15 moles
Then we would have that from the Avogadro's law;
0.15 moles * 6.02 * 10^23 * 2
= 1.8 * 10^23 atoms
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choose the hydration shells that form around a potassium ion when potassium chloride ( kcl ) dissolves. notice the positive, negative, and partial charges.
When KCl dissolves in water, the K⁺ ion forms a positive hydration shell surrounded by water molecules with partial negative charges, while the Cl⁻ ion forms a negative hydration shell surrounded by water molecules with partial positive charges.
When potassium chloride (KCl) dissolves in water, the potassium (K⁺) ion is surrounded by water molecules with partial negative charges on the oxygen atoms. This creates a hydration shell with a net positive charge, as the positive charge of the potassium ion is balanced by the partial negative charges of the surrounding water molecules.
On the other hand, the chloride (Cl⁻) ion is surrounded by water molecules with partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms, creating an hydration shell with a net negative charge.
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the graphs below represent four polynomial functions which one of these functions has zeros of 2 and -3
The polynomial function with zeros of 2 and -3 is represented by the graph that intersects the x-axis at x=2 and x=-3 and goes through the origin (0,0). So the polynomial is (0,0)
About PolynomialPolynomial is a mathematical statement that involves the sum of the multiples of powers in one or more variables with coefficients. A polynomial in one variable. Polynomial is a coefficients. Operations used by polynomials such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and powers of non-negative integers. Polynomial graph is a slanted line with y intersecting at a0 with a slope of a1. is in the form of a parabola. is in the form of a curve to the power of 3. is in the form of a non-linear curve.
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Suppose you wish to find the % alcohol in a beverage. Alcohol has a density of 0.79 g/mL and water has a density of 1.00 g/mL. Describe how you would use a hydrometer to accomplish this task. What modification might you make in the hydrometer
Check the alcohol concentration using a thermometer and a specific hydrometer called a saccharometer.
What is density?Density is the mass of a homogeneous material per unit volume. d = M/V, within which d is density, M is weight, and V is volume, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimeter are a typical unit of measurement for density.
For instance, whereas Earth has a density of 5.51 milligrams, water has a density of 1 milligrams. Another way to state density is in kilograms per cubic meter (in metre-kilogram-second or SI units). Check the alcohol concentration using a thermometer and a specific hydrometer called a saccharometer.
Therefore, check the alcohol concentration using a thermometer and a specific hydrometer called a saccharometer.
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for the gas phase decomposition of 2-bromopropane, the rate constant has been determined at several temperatures. when in is plotted against the reciprocal of the kelv
When the rate constant for the gas phase breakdown of two-bromopropane, CHz HBr, was calculated at various temperatures, a linear plot was produced with a slope of 22.55*104 K and a y-intercept of 29.9.
Who or what uses 2-bromopropane?Its liquid form is called 2-bromopropane. It is used to create other compounds, pharmaceuticals, and colors. An organobromide compound is 2-bromopropane. In organic synthesis, it is used to introduce the isopropyl functional group.
What is the shortened name for bromopropane?1-Bromopropane (1-BP; CAS number 106-94-5), commonly referred to as n-propyl bromide, is a halogenated short-chain alkane utilized as an organic solvent in a variety of commercial and industrial applications, such as the dry cleaning of clothing and the vapor degreasing of metals.
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How many grams are in 6.02x1023 formula units of Al2O3?
The number of grams in 6.02 × 10²³ formula units of aluminium chloride is 101.96g.
How to calculate mass?The mass of a substance can be calculated from the formula units by dividing the number of formula units by Avogadro's number.
According to this question, there are 6.02 × 10²³ formula units of aluminum oxide. This means that;
no of moles = 6.02 × 10²³ ÷ 6.02 × 10²³
no of moles = 1 mole
molar mass of aluminium oxide = 101.96g/mol
mass of aluminum oxide = 101.96g/mol × 1 mole = 101.96g
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To identify the functional groups present in a compound _____
spectroscopy uses the ______ portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
To identify the functional groups present in a compound IR. spectroscopy uses the Infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
How can the functional groups in the IR spectrum be distinguished?Due to the presence of both the N-H link and the C=O bond, an amide substituent combines the characteristics of amines and ketones.As a result, near the left side of the spectrum, around 3100 or 3500 cm-1 again for N-H stretch, amides exhibit a very strong, rather broad band.
How are functional groups recognized?To separate functional categories within the name, their prefixes and suffixes will differ.For instance, the primary amino group will employ the prefix "amino-" if it is a substituent and the suffix "-amine" if it is the highest priority group.
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fill in the blank. when three phosphate groups are covalently attached to adenosine,__is formed. group of answer choices adp atp p amp\
When three phosphate groups are covalently attached to adenosine, ATP is formed.
What are three phosphate groups and adenosine?At the cellular level, energy is utilized and retained as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Adenine, ribose, and three serially connected phosphate groups compose up the structure of ATP, which is an nucleoside triphosphate. Adenine molecules are formed to ribofuranose molecules via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic interaction to synthesize the ribonucleoside adenosine.
What part does adenosine play?It performs as an analgesic, a vasodilator, an anti-arrhythmia prescription, a human metabolite, and a fundamental metabolite. It is part of the family of adenosines and is a purines D-ribonucleoside. Adenosine improves a person's desire seeking sleep or sleep drive. Thus according research, adenosine also influences the immune system and can diminish inflammatory processes.
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Calculate the freezing point and boiling point of each aqueous solution, assuming complete dissociation of the solute. c. 5.5% NaNO3 by mass (in water)
The freezing point and boiling point of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:
Freezing Point = Kf x molality
Boiling Point = Kb x molality
where Kf and Kb are the freezing and boiling point constants respectively.
The molality of a solution is the number of moles of solute (NaNO3) in 1 kg of solvent (water). For this solution, the mass of the solute (NaNO3) is 5.5%, and the mass of the solvent (water) is 94.5%.
Therefore, the mass of NaNO3 = 5.5g/100g = 0.055g
The molar mass of NaNO3 = 85.0 g/mol
Therefore, the number of moles of NaNO3 = 0.055g/85.0 g/mol = 0.000647 mol
The mass of water = 94.5g/100g = 0.945g
Therefore, the molality of the solution = 0.000647 mol/0.945 kg = 0.000682 mol/kg
select all that apply which of the following options correctly describe the arrangement of the periodic table? select all that apply.
Answer: may you please put the possible answers in your question so i can answer it.
Explanation:
Which properties describe elements that are nonmetal gases? Select all that apply.
Multiple select question.
cross out
A)
composed of an extended structure
cross out
B)
composed of individual atoms or diatomic molecules
cross out
C)
high melting point
cross out
D)
low melting point
cross out
E)
strong attractions between particles
cross out
F)
weak attractions between particles
) based on the graph, determine the order of the decomposition reaction of cyclobutane at 1270k. justify your answer.
The order of a chemical reaction can be determined by examining the relationship between the concentration of the reactants and the rate of the reaction.
A graph of the concentration of reactants versus time can provide this information. To determine the order of the decomposition reaction of cyclobutane at 1270K, one would need to have a graph of the concentration of cyclobutane versus time at that temperature and then examine the slope of the graph. If the slope is proportional to the concentration of cyclobutane raised to a power, then the reaction is said to be of that power order. For example, if the slope is proportional to the concentration squared, the reaction is of second order. Justification of the answer would require a detailed analysis of the graph and comparison with the expected behavior for different reaction orders.
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calculate the average rate of decomposition of h2o2 between 0 and 2.16 3 104 s. use this rate to calculate the average rate of production of o2(g) over the same time period.
The rate of decomposition of H₂O₂ between 0s and 2.163×10⁴ s is 1.157×10⁻⁵ and rate of production of oxygen during this time will be 5.787×10⁻⁵.
The rate of the reaction can be calculated by using the equation,
Rate, r = [tex]-\frac{1}{2}\frac{[H_{2}O_{2}] }{T}[/tex]
The balanced equation for the decomposition of Hydrogen peroxide is
2H₂O₂ ⇒ 2H₂O + O₂
2 molecules of hydrogen peroxide decomposes to 2 molecules of water and a molecule of oxygen.
Here it is given that initially the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 1 M and after 2.16×10⁴ s it becomes 0.5 M.
So the Rate of decomposition, R = [tex]-\frac{1}{2} \frac{1.0-0.5}{0-2.163*10^{4} }[/tex]
= 1.157×10⁻⁵ M/s
The initial concentration of oxygen is 0. At 2.163 ×10⁴ s the concentration will be half the amount of H₂O₂ decomposed. So 0.5/2 = 0.25
Rate of production of oxygen = [tex]\frac{1}{2} \frac{0.25-0}{(2.163*10^{4)} -0}[/tex]
= 5.787×10⁻⁵
So the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is 1.157× 10⁻⁵ and rate of production of oxygen is 5.787 ×10⁻⁵ between 0 and 2.163 ×10⁴ s.
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The complete question is as follows
At 40 C H2O2(aq) will decompose according to the following reaction:
2H2O2 (aq) -----> 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
The following data were collected for the concentration of H2O2 at various times:
Time (s) H2O2 (mol/L)
1.000 2.16 x 10^4
0.500 4.32 x 10^4
(a) calculate the average rate of decomposition of H2O2 between 0 and 2.16 x 104 s. Use this rate to calculate the average rate of production of O2 (g) over the same time period.
Rate laws are determined experimentally by varying the concentrations of the reactants and observing the effect on the initial rate.
Concentration and rate data are provided in the table below for the reaction shown.
2NO(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2NOCI(g)
The concentration of each reactant must be altered to ascertain the rate law of a reaction, and the influence on the starting rate must be noted.
What is Concentration?Concentration is a notion that is frequently used in chemistry and related domains. It is a measure of how much of one material is combined with another. The amount of a material, such as salt, that is present in a certain amount of tissue or liquid, such as blood. When there is less water present, a material becomes more concentrated. A solution's concentration is a measure of how much solute has been dissolved in a given quantity of solvent or solution. A concentrated solution contains a significant amount of dissolved solute. A dilute solution is one with a little quantity of dissolved solute.
Here,
I'm sorry, but the information provided is incomplete. To determine the rate law of a reaction, the concentration of each reactant needs to be varied and the effect on the initial rate must be observed. Data needs to be provided in the form of a table or graph to make the calculation.
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various physical characteristics of minerals are used to identify unknown specimens. match the test name with the appropriate description.
Hardness, lustre, colour, streak, specific gravity, cleavage, fracture, and tenacity are only a few of the distinct physical characteristics that most minerals possess.
Hardness, lustre, colour, streak, specific gravity, cleavage, fracture, and tenacity are only a few of the distinct physical characteristics that most minerals possess. A mineral splits through cleavage. One, two, or three cleavage planes can be present in minerals. A mineral can scatter light in a lustrous manner. Metallic, vitreous, earthy, and silky are typical forms of lustre. A mineral's powder is coloured streak. The streak's hue will not always match that of the mineral. relative density is known as specific gravity for water. Some minerals will feel denser than others due to differences in chemical composition. Hardness is scratch resistance or susceptibility. rocky minerals
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various physical characteristics of minerals are used to identify unknown specimens. match the test name with the appropriate description.
Cleavage, Hardness
this question is math/chemistry
Use the acidity model ph = - log[H*], where acidity (pH) is a measure of the hydrogen lon concentration [H*] (measured in moles of hydrogen per liter) of a solution.
Apple juice has a pH of 3.1 and drinking water has a pH of 8.3. The hydrogen lon concentration of the apple juice is how many times the concentration of drinking water?
The hydrogen ions in the apple juice is 1.58 * 10^5 time that in the water.
What is the pH?pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution and can range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
It can tell us if the solution can be said to be an acid a base or a neutral material as we have in the question here.
The hydrogen ion concentration is obtained as;
[H^+] = Antilog (-pH)
For apple juice= Antilog (-3.1) = 7.9 * 10^-4
For the water = Antilog (-8.3) = 5 * 10^-9
As such we have; 7.9 * 10^-4/ 5 * 10^-9
= 1.58 * 10^5
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which of the following are characteristics of ionic compounds? check all that apply. which of the following are characteristics of ionic compounds? check all that apply. low melting points electrically neutral high melting points composed of two nonmetals
The characteristics of ionic compounds are:
Low melting pointsHigh melting pointsComposed of two nonmetals.Ionic compounds are composed of two oppositely charged ions, usually a positively charged metal ion and a negatively charged nonmetal ion. These ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction, giving ionic compounds their crystalline form, high melting point, and electrical neutrality.
Ionic compounds are usually insoluble in organic solvents, but they are soluble in water. Ionic compounds usually have a high boiling point and are not flammable. The chemical formula of an ionic compound reflects the ratio of the ions present in the compound. The bond between the ions is strong, and the compound is electrically neutral as a whole.
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help pleaseeeeeeeeeeee
The image that is shown contains an organized lesson content.
How do you organize a lesson content?The following steps should be taken to organize a lesson plan;
Identify the objective: Start by defining the objective of the lesson and what you want your students to learn by the end of it. This will help you create a clear and focused lesson plan.
Gather materials and resources: Identify any materials, resources, or technology you will need for the lesson and gather them ahead of time.
Plan the structure: Determine the flow of the lesson, including any key concepts or ideas you want to cover, and how you will introduce and conclude the lesson.
Consider the pace: Decide on the pace of the lesson, taking into account the attention span of your students, and plan activities that will keep them engaged and on task.
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Which of the following forms a molecular solid?
a. CaO
b. C10H22
c. C (graphite)
d. gold
C. C (graphite) forms a molecular solid.
Solids can be technically categorized as ionic, molecular, covalent (network), or metallic based on the type of forces holding the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions together. These four different types of interactions have a wide range of relative strengths that correlate well with those differences.
Atoms or molecules bound together by hydrogen bonds, London dispersion forces, or dipole-dipole forces make form molecular solids. characterized by weak conductivity, flexibility, and low melting points. Sucrose is a kind of molecular solid.
As a crystalline solid, graphite is composed of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal framework. The layers of graphite are made up of rings of six carbon atoms that are organized in horizontal sheets with large gaps between them. Thus, graphite forms a molecular solid in chemistry.
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the molecular below (ethyne) is more commonlyu known as acetlene it is the simplest alkyje amnd very usefulas a fuel source in weldinh. based on what your learned in calss, draw a molecular orbital picture
The molecular orbital (MO) diagram of Ethyne (C2H2) can be constructed by considering the combination of the individual atomic orbitals (AOs) of the two carbon atoms and the four hydrogen atoms. T
The carbon atoms have a total of 8 electrons and each hydrogen atom has 1 electron.
The bonding orbitals in Ethyne are formed from the overlap of the 2s orbital of one carbon atom and the 2p orbital of the other carbon atom. These bonding orbitals have lower energy than the individual AOs and result in the formation of a covalent bond between the two carbon atoms.
The antibonding orbitals are formed from the overlap of the 2p orbitals of the two carbon atoms, which have higher energy than the individual AOs. These antibonding orbitals result in a weakened bond between the two carbon atoms.
Finally, the hydrogen atoms each contribute a 1s orbital to the MO diagram, which form bonding orbitals with the carbon atoms.
Overall, the molecular orbital diagram of Ethyne shows the distribution of electrons in the molecule and helps to explain its chemical behavior.
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show that the fact that 92% of the sun's atoms are hydrogen is consistent with the statement that 73% of the sun's mass is made up of hydrogen.
A hydrogen atom has a mass that is around four times smaller than that of a helium atom.
Assume that N is the total number of atoms in the Sun.
The Sun contains 92% hydrogen atoms, leaving 8% for helium, as seen in Table 15.2, "The Abundance of Elements in the Sun." If MH is assumed to be the mass of an atom of hydrogen, then the mass of hydrogen plus the mass of helium equals the entire mass of the Sun, which is equal to 0.92 N MH + 0.08 N 4MH = MSun, giving us 1.24 N MH = MSun.
Hydrogen's fractional mass is 0.92/1.24, or 74%.
This estimate is 1% too high, albeit it is very near, due to the simple assumption that hydrogen and helium are the sole atoms.
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Correct question:
Show that the statement that 92% of the Sun’s atoms are hydrogen is consistent with the statement that 73% of the Sun’s mass is made up of hydrogen, as found in Table 15.2. (Hint: Make the simplifying assumption, which is nearly correct, that the Sun is made up entirely of hydrogen and helium.)
Reference:
relative acidity of an already charged compound (negatively charged as an example) versus its neutral form
The substance turns basic if there are more positively charged hydroniums than negatively charged hydroxyls. The term "potential (or power) of hydrogen" actually denotes pH.
How does acidity relate to negative charge?Another method for distributing negative charge within a molecule is resonance. Its stability will rise if the conjugate base has a charge that can interact with nearby double bonds or p orbitals. The conjugate acid becomes more acidic as a result.
Do bases or acids have negative charges?The capacity of a base to draw in and hold a proton determines its strength. Because of this, bases frequently have negative charges and always contain at least one lone pair of electrons that can coordinately connect with a proton.
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A student is trying to experimentally determine the density of water. He obtains a value of 0.72 g/mL. The actual value is 1.0 g/mL.
a. The error in his measurement is:
g/mL
b. The % error in his measurement is:
%
A. The error in the student's measurement is 0.28
B. The % error in the student's measurement is 28%.
What is water density?
Density of water is approximately 1.0 g/mL (grams per milliliter) at standard temperature and pressure, which is defined as a temperature of 20°C (68°F) and pressure of 1 atm. The exact density can vary slightly depending on the temperature and pressure.
There are two main factors which affect the density of water such as
Temperature PurityA. The error in the student's measurement is 1.0 g/mL - 0.72 g/mL = 0.28 g/mL.
B. The % error in the student's measurement is (0.28 g/mL / 1.0 g/mL) * 100% = 28%.
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Questions about Unit Conversion and Percentages. Please show work!
Unit conversions and Percentages include:
7. 64,000 acres and 25,899.881 hectares.
8. 2,500 cm
9. 31 mph.
10. 400 BTUs
11. 269.23 acres.
12. -89.23%.
How to solve conversions and percentages?7.) If 1 square mile gives 640 acres, then:
100 sqm = 100 x 640 = 64,000 acres.
For hectares, 1 acre is 0.40468564 hectares,
Therefore, 64,000 x 0.40468564 = 25,899.881 hectares.
8.) A tectonic plate moves 25,000 meters (25 km) in a million years. To convert this to centimeters per year, we use the conversion factor of 100 cm/m:
25,000 m / 1,000,000 years = 25 m/year
25 m/year x 100 cm/m = 2,500 cm/year
9.) To convert from kilometers per hour to miles per hour, you can multiply the speed in km/hr by 0.621371.
So, 50 km/hr = 50 x 0.621371 = 31 mph.
10.) A 60% efficient power plant means that 60% of the energy from the natural gas is converted into electricity, while the remaining 40% is lost as waste heat. The amount of waste heat produced would then be 40% of 1000 BTUs, or 40% x 1000 BTUs = 400 BTUs.
11.)Assume the total area of the natural area "A". Then, 35% of A would be 0.35 x A, and the remaining 500 acres would be A - 0.35 x A.
To find out how many acres are to be developed, subtract the 500 acres that are left untouched from the total area A:
A - 500 = A - 0.35 x A
A = 500 / (1 - 0.35) = 769.23 acres
So, the number of acres to be developed is 769.23 - 500 = 269.23 acres.
12.) To calculate the percentage change, use the formula:
percentage change = ((new value - original value) / original value) x 100
percentage change = ((7 - 65) / 65) x 100
percentage change = (-58 / 65) x 100
percentage change = -89.23%
So the concentration of mercury in the water supply changed by -89.23% over the ten-year period.
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The left side of an NMR spectrum is described as _____field, and the right side is described as _____field.
An NMR spectrums' left side is referred to as downfield, and its right side as upfield.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, commonly known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) or NMR spectroscopy, is a spectroscopic technique for studying the local magnetic fields surrounding atomic nuclei. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal is produced by radio waves excitation of the sample's nuclei and is detected by sensitive radio receivers. The sample is put in a magnetic field. The resonance frequency can be changed by the intramolecular magnetic field of an atom in a molecule, revealing details about the electronic structure and different functional groups of the molecule.NMR spectroscopy is the only method that can reliably identify monomolecular organic molecules in modern organic chemistry because the fields are different or highly specific to particular compounds.
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Why does ice float on water?
Answer: Because of the evil critters in the water
Explanation: There are small evil critters that are invisible to the human eye in the water that HATE ice and when they see it they push away.
one of the following ir spectra is that of acetaminophen and the other is of acetanilide. which of the spectra, a or b, do you think corresponds to acetaminophen?
Spectrum A corresponds to acetaminophen.Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a medication used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain.
Common brand names include Tylenol and Panadol.The advantages of paracetamol usage for fever are unclear because, at a typical dose, it only marginally lowers body temperature; in that regard, it is inferior than ibuprofen. Acute mild migraines may be helped by paracetamol, however recurring tension headaches may only be minimally relieved. However, when the pain is minimal, the aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine combination is effective and is advised as a first-line therapy for both diseases. Ibuprofen is superior to paracetamol in terms of effectiveness for post-surgical pain management. Ibuprofen and paracetamol together have more potency and are better than either medicine alone.
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Please Help ASAP - 100 points + Brainliest!!!!!
The heat that have been evolved is 888.4 kJ while the internal energy is 13 J
What is heat of combustion?The heat of combustion is typically determined through a calorimetric experiment, in which a substance is burned in a calorimeter and the heat released is measured and quantified. The heat of combustion can also be calculated from the chemical equation for the combustion reaction, using the principle of the conservation of energy.
Number of moles of the propane = 25 g/62 g/mol
= 0.4 moles
If 1 mole of propane gives out 2221 kJ
0.4 moles of propane would give out 0.4 moles * 2221/1
= 888.4 kJ
We know that;
ΔE = q + w
= 25 - 12
= 13 J
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