The term "energy calorie" refers to the measurement of heat which is used to indicate the quantity of energy delivered by food.
Describe energy.The ability to perform tasks. It could exist in several different forms, such as theoretical, kinetic, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical, radioactive, etc. Additionally, there is heat and work, which is energy being transferred between one body to the another. Mechanical, pharmacological, electrical, electric and magnetic, thermal, acoustic, and radioactive energy are examples of different types of energy.
From where does energy come?As reported by the U.S. Energy Management Administration, coal, nuclear power, and natural gas made up the majority of the country's electrical generation in 2020. Renewable energy sources like wind, electricity, solar, biogas, wind, and thermal are also used to generate electricity.
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when a solution is prepared, which of the following will definitely increase relative to the pure solvent? select the correct answer below: conductivity (the ability of the solution to conduct electricity) boiling point the number of ions in solution mole fraction of solvent
When a solution is prepared, the number of ions in the solution will definitely increase relative to the pure solvent when a solution is prepared.
Impact of Solution Formation on Conductivity, Boiling Point, and Mole Fraction of SolventWhen a solution is prepared by dissolving a solute in a solvent, the number of ions in the solution will definitely increase compared to the pure solvent. This is because the solute, when dissolved, will break apart into individual ions and will mix with the solvent to form a new mixture. The increased number of ions in the solution increases its ability to conduct electricity, which can be measured as conductivity. However, the conductivity of a solution may not necessarily increase with an increase in the number of ions, as the mobility of the ions and the concentration of the ions are also important factors that determine the conductivity. Additionally, the boiling point of a solution may not necessarily increase with the increase in the number of ions, as the boiling point elevation depends on the strength of the attractive forces between the solute and solvent molecules, which is determined by the nature of the solute and solvent, as well as the concentration of the solute in the solution. The mole fraction of the solvent in the solution will also not necessarily increase as the amount of solute added to the solution will decrease the mole fraction of the solvent.
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a pure titanium cube has an edge length of 2.78 in . how many titanium atoms does it contain? titanium has a density of 4.50g/cm3 . express your answer in atoms to three significant figures.
The amount of Titanium atoms that has a density of 4.50 g/cm³ and edge length of 2.78 in would be 1.99 × 10²⁵atoms
The density of a substance can be defined as the mass of the substance divided by its volume. To calculate the density of a cube, we can use this following formula:
Density of a cube = Mass of cube ÷ Volume of cube
Edge length of cube = 2.78 inches = 7.0612 cm
Volume of cube = (Edge length)³
Volume of cube = (7.0612)³
Volume of cube = 352,075283 cm³
Mass of cube = Density of cube × Volume of cube
Mass of cube = 4.5 g/cm³ × 352,075283 cm³
Mass of cube = 1584.33877 g
The formula to calculate the moles of Titanium is as follows:
Moles of Ti = Given mass of Ti ÷ Molar mass of Ti
Moles of Ti = 1584.33877 g ÷ 47.867 g/mol
Moles of Ti = 33.099 mol
Atoms of Ti = 33.099 mol × 6.022×10²³ atoms/mol
Atoms of Ti = 1.99 × 10²⁵ atoms
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how is the miscibility of a liquid with water related to the liquid's polarity? how is the miscibility of a liquid with water related to the liquid's polarity? the polarity of a liquid does not affect its miscibility with water. the more polar the liquid, the less likely that it is miscible with water. the less polar the liquid, the more likely that it is miscible with water. the more polar the liquid, the more likely that it is miscible with water.
The more polar a liquid is, the more likely it is to be miscible with water, as it has a similar molecular polarity. The less polar a liquid is, the less likely it is to be miscible with water, as its molecular polarity is very different from that of water.
The more polar the liquid, the more likely it is to be miscible with water.
Polarity is a measure of the separation of charge within a molecule. Polar liquids have a positive and negative end due to their molecular structure, which results in an unequal distribution of electrons. Water is a highly polar liquid, and it readily dissolves other polar liquids due to their similar molecular polarity.
On the other hand, nonpolar liquids such as oils have an equal distribution of electrons, making them immiscible with water. When nonpolar liquids are mixed with water, the two phases separate, with the nonpolar liquid floating on top of the water.
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How many moles of H₂S contain 2.03 mol of S?
2.03 mol of H₂S contain 2.03 mol of S. A mole is exactly 6.022×10²³ , which equals Avogadro's number of particles.
What is mole?A mole must be specified or be based on something repeatable, like all other units. The amount of atoms in a sample of the isotope carbon-12 was formerly the basis for the current definition of the mole, which is now based on other factors.
Today, a mole is exactly 6.022×10²³ , which equals Avogadro's number of particles. For all intents and purposes, the weight with one mole of a given substance in grams and the weight of one molecule in Daltons are essentially equivalent. 2.03 mol of H₂S contain 2.03 mol of S.
Therefore, 2.03 mol of H₂S contain 2.03 mol of S.
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What effect (if any) did the height of the cannon have on the distance traveled at each speed? Explain
Each increase in speed increases projectile range by approximately the same amount,
Projectiles travel farther than those fired from the cannon due to the high elevation of the cannon
Kinetic ProjectileProjectiles that do not contain explosives are called kinetic energy weapons or kinetic penetrators. A classic kinetic energy weapon is a bullet. Non-explosive projectiles include small arms such as bullets, as well as railguns, mass drivers, and kinetic energy penetrators. All of these weapons work by achieving a high muzzle velocity and releasing kinetic energy upon impact with the target.
Kinetic weapons that target objects in space travel include anti-satellite weapons and anti-ballistic missiles. It needs to regain speed so it can damage the target with the released kinetic energy. No explosives needed.
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The path travelled by a projectile is called its trajectory. The decrease in the height of the cannon decreases the distance travelled by projectile whereas an increase causes the increase in the distance of projectile.
What is a projectile?Any object which is thrown into space and the only force acting on it is the force of gravity is defined as the projectile. The motion of a projectile is known as the projectile motion.
If greater is the cannon height, it causes the projectiles to travel further than the ones which is fired from the lower height. The extra height give more time for the projectile to travel before it strikes the ground.
Thus the increase in height of the cannon increases the distance of projectile.
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What is the best alternative to safely cooling foods without a blast chiller?
Moving hot food in a covered pan to a cooler space, such as a storage room, or submerging it in ice water, is another option. Ice can also be used to hasten the cooling process.
Soups can be chilled by submerging them in cold water. This technique aids in a swift and secure drop in food temperature. To make a slush, put some ice in a big container or sink and add some water. After that, put the plate of food to be chilled into the ice bath. bathing in ice water and stirring the food often.Food is stirred with ice paddles, which are plastic containers that have been frozen after being filled with water.using ice as a component (if water is an ingredient).chiller that jars or tumbles.
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a rock is found with the mineral zircon within it. within the zircon grains, there is observed to be both 235u (a type of uranium) and 207pb (a type of lead). interestingly, there is the same number of atoms of 235u as there is of 207pb in each zircon. if we know that uranium decays to lead and that there were no lead atoms in the mineral when it first formed, how many half-lives have occurred?
The number of half-lives that have occurred in the zircon is 1.
The half-life of 235U is the time it takes for half of the initial number of 235U atoms to decay into 207Pb. The number of half-lives that have occurred in the zircon can be calculated by using the formula:
number of half-lives = log (initial number of 235U atoms) / log (final number of 235U atoms)
Since there are the same number of 235U atoms as there are of 207Pb atoms in the zircon, the final number of 235U atoms is half the initial number of 235U atoms, meaning that one half-life has occurred.
Therefore, the number of half-lives that have occurred in the zircon is 1.
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the molality of calcium chloride (cacl2) in an aqueous solution is 4 m. what is mole fraction of the solute? keep 3 significant figures in your answer.
The molality of calcium chloride in the solution is 4 m, we can calculate the number of moles of solute as:
moles of solute = 4 m * mass of water (in kg)
Let's assume that the mass of water in the solution is 1 kg. Then:
moles of solute = 4 m * 1 kg = 4 moles
The total number of moles of solute and solvent can be calculated as:
moles of solute + moles of solvent = moles of solute + (mass of water in kg) / (molar mass of water)
where the molar mass of water is 18 g/mol.
Assuming a mass of water of 1 kg:
moles of solute + moles of solvent = 4 moles + (1 kg) / (18 g/mol) = 4 moles + (1000 g) / (18 g/mol) = 4 moles + 55.56 moles = 59.56 moles
The mole fraction of the solute is the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles of solute and solvent:
Mole fraction of solute = (moles of solute) / (moles of solute + moles of solvent) = 4 moles / 59.56 moles = 0.067 (rounded to 3 significant figures)
Molality is a term used in chemistry to describe the concentration of a solute in a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent and is represented by the symbol "m". The advantage of using molality over other measures of concentration, such as molarity, is that it is independent of temperature, which makes it a useful way to express the concentration of a solution in a variety of conditions.
To calculate molality, you need to know the number of moles of solute in the solution and the mass of the solvent. The formula for molality is moles of solute divided by the mass of the solvent in kilograms. For example, if you have 1 mole of salt dissolved in 100 grams of water, the molality of the solution would be 0.01 moles of salt per kilogram of water.
Molality is particularly useful for solutions that involve volatile solvents, such as ethanol, because the volume of the solvent can change with temperature, making it difficult to accurately determine the concentration of the solution. In these cases, using molality provides a more accurate measure of concentration.
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if you have 1.0 mol of each of the following compounds, which will have the greatest mass?
The molar mass of N₂O₅ is greatest mass. The oxide of nitrogen, or N2O5, is a nonmetal that is also in its highest oxidation state, making it (very) acidic.
What do a mole and a molar mass mean?Avogadro's number of molecules (molecular compound) or formula units are found in one mole of a chemical (6.022 x 1023) (ionic compound). You may determine the mass of 1 mole of a compound by looking at its molar mass. In other words, it provides the number of grams in a substance per mole.
Do molar masses correspond to moles?Making use of the Mole. The molar mass of a substance is the weight of a mole of that substance. In chemistry, the molar mass is frequently employed to convert grammes of a chemical to moles. The periodic table lists an element's molar mass, which is its atomic weight in grammes per mole (g/mol).
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Molar mass of N₂O₅ = (14×2+16×5) g/mol = 108 g/mol
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Which metals cannot replace iron (Fe) in a chemical reaction?(a) Tin (Sn)(b) Lead (Pb)(c) Hydrogen (H)(d) Zinc (zn)
In a chemical process, hydrogen metals cannot take the place of iron (Fe). Hence option 'c' is correct.
Describe a metal.Metals are bright, opaque materials that easily conduct electricity and heat. Most metals are malleable and ductile, and they frequently have a higher density than other elements.
What distinguishes metals from nonmetals and metalloids?In general, metals are elements that are hard, lustrous, fusible, malleable, ductile, and have good electrical & thermal conductivity. An element without the characteristics of a metal is referred to as a nonmetal. The metalloid is a element with characteristics that are halfway between those of metals and nonmetals.
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Why do you think that we depend primarily on non-renewable energy sources?
Do you think that our dependence on nonrenewable energy sources makes sense?
Its primary source of energy is nonrenewable resources. Each year, fossil fuels account for roughly 80% of total global energy consumption. We rely on fossil fuels because they are high in energy and relatively inexpensive to produce.
Why are we still dependent on nonrenewable energy?We rely on fossil fuels because they are high in energy and relatively inexpensive to produce. A major issue with fossil fuels, aside from their scarcity, is that burning them emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear energy are examples of nonrenewable energy resources. Once these resources are depleted, they cannot be replenished, which is a major issue for humanity because we rely on them to meet the majority of our energy needs.
Thus, we depend primarily on non-renewable energy sources.
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a solution contains 5 g of glycerin, dissoved in 95 g of water. if the vaport pressure of pure water at 25c is 23.7 torr, whatis the vapor pressure of the solution
The vapour pressure solution for solution [tex]5g[/tex] of glycerin dissolved in [tex]95g[/tex]Of water along with vapour pressure of water at 25, which is 23.7 is 23.535 [tex]torr[/tex].
What are the parameter for calculating vapour pressure?It is the pressure that a vapour produces when it is in closed system equilibrium with either its solid or liquid phase at a specific temperature.
Vapour pressure can be simply defined as a measurement of a material's propensity to transition from a solid to a liquid to a gas or vapour when the temperature rises.
This formula is based on Raoult's law, according to which the vapour pressure of a solution is determined by multiplying the mole fraction of each component by the vapour pressure of the pure components.
Pure glycerin has a vapour pressure of 6.99atm and a mole fraction of 0.05. At 25 °C, pure water has a vapour pressure of 23.7 and a mole fraction of 0.95torr.
[tex]P = X_ glycerin \times P_glycerin + X_water \times P_water[/tex]
[tex]X_glycerin = \frac{5g}{100g}= 0.05[/tex]
[tex]X_water = \frac{95g}{100g}= 0.95 P_giycerin=6.99atm[/tex]
[tex]P= 0.05 \times 6.99+ 0.95\times 23.7 = 23.535torr[/tex]
Therefore, The vapour pressure substitute for 95 grams of water and 5 grams of glycerin were dissolved in it. The water's vapour pressure was 25 to 23.7 torr.
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you mix 250 mL of 2.1 M HBr with 200 mL of 2.5 M KOH. what is the pH of the resulting solution?• 12.7• 1.6• 12.4• 1.3
The pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions, the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The resulting solution will have pH equal to 12.7.
As we know that Molarity of a solution (M)=[tex]\frac{no. of moles of solute}{volume of solution in litres}[/tex]
Given:- Molarity of [tex]HBr[/tex]= 2.1M and volume= 250ml, therefore the number of moles of [tex]HBr[/tex]= 0.25×2.1=0.525mol.
similarlysimilarlysimilarlysimilarly:- Molarity of [tex]KOH[/tex]=2.5M2.5M and volume= 200ml=0.2L. therefore the number of moles of [tex]KOH[/tex]= 0.2×2.5=0.5mol.
Now for the reaction:- [tex]HBr+KOH[/tex]⇒[tex]KBr+H_{2} O[/tex], [tex]KOH[/tex] is in excess.
Therefore, the excess amount of [tex]KOH[/tex]= 0.525-0.5=0.025.
Total volume= 0.25+0.2=0.45L.
Now, [tex][OH^{-} ][/tex]= [tex]\frac{0.025}{0.45} =0.05M=5*10^{-2} M[/tex].
Therefore, [tex]pOH=-log[OH^{-} ]=-log[5*10^{-2} ]=1.3[/tex]
Now, as we know that [tex]pH+pOH=14, pH=14-1.3=12.7.[/tex]
Hence, the pH of the resulting solution is 12.7.
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a first-order reaction is 75.0% complete in 320. s. a. what are the first and second half-lives for this reaction? b. how long does it take for 90.0% completion?
The first and second half-lives for this reaction can be calculated using the following equation: t1/2 = 0.693/k, where k is the rate constant.
Using a rate constant of 0.0022 s-1, the first and second half-lives would be 313.6 s and 627.2 s, respectively. To calculate the time it takes for 90.0% completion, we can use the equation:
t = t1/2 * ln(0.1/C), where C is the initial concentration of the reactant.
Using an initial concentration of 1 and the first half-life of 313.6 s, it would take 577 s for 90.0% completion.
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I don’t know how to do this one
The chemical formula of the compound is CH2FOH
What is a chemical formula?A chemical formula is a concise representation of the chemical composition of a substance, using symbols and numbers to indicate the elements that make up the substance and their relative proportions.
A chemical formula provides important information about the type and quantity of elements present in a molecule, and can be used to identify and distinguish different chemical compounds.
In general, chemical formulas are written in accordance with the standard chemical notation, which uses the periodic table of elements to assign symbols to each element. The subscripts in a chemical formula indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.
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What should you do if you break a piece of glassware?
When handling a broken piece of glassware, always make sure to wear gloves that are resistant to cuts.
Avoid touching broken glass with bare hands at all costs. When working with broken glass, always sure you use gloves that offer enough cut protection. If you need to remove or retrieve broken glass from a work area or a fume hood, you should make use of mechanical instruments such as forceps, tongs, scoops, or other similar tools.
Cleaning up shards of glass, broken Pasteur pipettes, or shards of glass should be done using a dustpan and a brush. Do not take anything out of the sharps container in any way. Wherever it is practical, use plastic instead of glass for storing liquids, especially desiccators.
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which particle determines how reactive the atom will be?
An atom's reactivity is determined by the amount of electrons in its outermost shell.
An atom is just what?A chemical element is uniquely determined by its atoms, which are tiny pieces of matter. An atom is made up of a core core and one or perhaps more electrons with negative charges that orbit it. The positive charges, comparatively hefty atomic nuclei that make up the nucleus may be present.
What elements that constitute atoms?Quarks and protons are the two categories of fundamental components that comprise an atom. An atom's nucleus is encircled by an area of electrons. The electrical charge of the every electron is negative one. The neutrons and protons which together help compensate an atom's nucleus, are formed of quarks.
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10. How many moles zinc metal( 2.0 g Zn) were used? AW for Zn is 65.39 g. Show work!
Moles Zn =???
Please helpp
Answer:
0.0306 moles
Explanation:
The number of moles of zinc metal (2.0 g Zn) used can be calculated using the formula:
moles = mass / atomic weight
where atomic weight is the mass of one mole of atoms of the element.
First, find the number of moles of zinc:
moles = 2.0 g / 65.39 g/mol = 0.0306 moles
So, 0.0306 moles of zinc metal (2.0 g Zn) were used.
which of the following is not an assumption of the kinetic molecular theory of gases? group of answer choices gas particles collide with each other and the walls of the container in elastic collisions. the average velocity of the gas particles is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature. the forces of attraction and repulsion between the particles are insignificant. gas particles are very small compared to the average distance between the particles. gases are made up of tiny particles in constant chaotic motion.
The forces of attraction and repulsion between the particles are insignificant.
The following premises underlie the kinetic molecular theory of gases:
Small particles moving chaotically all the time make up gases.
The entire interior of the container is filled with gas particle.
In elastic collisions, gas particles strike the container's walls and one another.
The relationship between the average gas particle velocity and Kelvin temperature is direct.
The average spacing between gas particles is quite small in comparison.
It is not an assumption of the kinetic molecular theory of gases to assert that the forces of attraction and repulsion between the particles are small, as stated in assumption #4. This presumption holds that intermolecular forces are minimal and have no impact on how gases behave.
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Polylysine and polyglutamate are two examples of synthetic polypeptides which can assume an ?-helical structure under appropriate conditions.
Identify which of these two synthetic polypeptides can form an ?-helix at the indicated pH values.
a. Polylysine at pH 13
b. Polyglutamate at pH 7
c. Polyglutamate at pH 2
d. Polylysine at pH2
e. Polylysine at pH 7
f. Polyglutamate at pH 13
Therefore option a and e is correct.
The synthetic polypeptides polylysine and polyglutamate are two examples of under the right circumstances, polylysine and polyglutamate may both create alpha-helical structures.
In polypeptides, such as polylysine and polyglutamate, the development of the alpha-helix is impacted by a number of variables, including pH, temperature, and solvent conditions. One of the most crucial elements influencing the creation of an alpha-helix is the pH level. Generally speaking, neutral to slightly basic pH levels support alpha-helix development (around 7 to 9). However, depending on the particular circumstances and the sequence of the polypeptide, the precise pH range for alpha-helix formation in polylysine and polyglutamate may change.
The NH2 groups on the side chains of lysine become charged when the pH decreases, making it impossible for helices to form due to charge repulsion between these groups.
If more than 50% of the lysine residues need to be charged in order to "break" the helix, this might happen below the lysine pKa. A different pKa for lysine residues in polylysine compared to the monomer (free amino acid) in solution is another option.
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Oxygen atoms (O (g), NOT O2 (g)) react with water vapor to produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH (g)). If water vapor is consumed at a rate of 1.60 x 10^-10 M/s, determine the rate of consumption of O (g).
The rate of consumption of O (g) if water vapor is consumed at a rate of 1.60 x 10⁻¹⁰ M/s is 8.0 * 10⁻⁹ M/s.
What is the rate of a reaction?The rate of a chemical reaction is known as the reaction rate or rate of reaction. It is proportional to the rise in product concentration per unit of time and the fall in reactant concentration per unit of time.
Considering the given equation:
The equation of the reaction is: O (g) + H₂O (g) ---> 2 •OH (g)
The rate of the consumption of water vapor will be twice the rate of consumption of O (g).
Water vapor is consumed at a rate of 1.60 x 10⁻¹⁰ M/s.
Hence, O (g) will be consumed at a rate of 0.5 * 1.60 x 10⁻¹⁰ M/s = 8.0 * 10⁻⁹ M/s.
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Frost appears on a window on a cold winter day. Name the process and whether it is exothermic or endothermic? Select one: O a. Melting, exothermic O b. Deposition, exothermic c. Deposition, endothermic d. Condensation, endothermic
Deposition, which is the transition from a gas to a solid without going through the liquid stage, is the process that takes place when frost forms on a window on a chilly winter day. True choice C).
Exothermic example: What is it?One of the greatest illustrations of just an exothermic reaction is the exploding of a firecracker, which emits a loud bang along with light and heat.
Is exothermic a good or bad thing?Therefore, an exothermic reaction happens and its enthalpy will just be negative if it produces more carbon than it takes in. Consider this as a certain quantity of heat evaporating from (or being removed from) the reaction.
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explain how modern synthesis techniques can improve medicines, both in qualitative and quantitative aspects, obtained from natural sources
Over the past century, advances in synthetic chemistry have made it possible to find numerous ground-breaking treatments that have benefited human health. To find the next generation of medications in the face of growing hurdles in the pharmaceutical industry, chemistry innovation must continue.
Generally speaking, there are two forms of modern drug synthesis:
1) Chemical synthesis - Through the use of chemical reactions. There is always a large-scale manufacture of medicines as a result of the chemical reaction. For medicinal synthesis, careful attention to detail at each stage is important.
2) Bioprocessing synthesis: In this method, bacteria are employed to create medicines. The ability of microbe cell walls to make beneficial products from them is the basic foundation of it.
Drug manufacture is an expensive and time-consuming process because of the moral dilemmas surrounding in vivo models and the scanty outcomes. The pharmaceutical industry is now making efforts that have been successful in developing and refining novel drug-delivery systems.
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a compound composed of sulfur and fluorine is found to contain 25.24% by mass of sulfur. if the molar mass of the compound is 254.11g/mol, what is the molecular formula?
Using the information provided, we can determine that the compound is S2F10, which has 25.24% by mass of sulfur in a fluorine and sulfur combination.
What is a substance made up of fluorine and sulfur?
Several distinct compounds, such as sulfur hexafluoride and sulfur tetrafluoride, are created when sulfur and fluorine are combined. 4.45 g of fluorine and 1.25 g of sulfur are produced during the breakdown of a sample of sulfur hexafluoride.
What kind of bond results from the union of fluorine F and sulphur S?
S has an electronegativity of 2.58, whereas F has an electronegativity of 3.98. The difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is 1.40. We define a bond formed between two atoms as polar covalent when the difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 and 1.6.
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consider 80.5 g samples of two different compounds consisting of only carbon and oxygen. compound 1 consists of 22.0 g of carbon, and compound 2 has 34.5 g of carbon. determine the ratio in whole numbers of the masses of carbon that combine with 1.00 g of oxygen between the two compounds.
The ratio of the masses of carbon that combine with 1.00 g of oxygen between the two compounds is: 2.46, which we can round to 2.
To find the ratio of the masses of carbon that combine with 1.00 g of oxygen between the two compounds, we need to find the empirical formula for each compound.
First, find the number of moles of carbon in each compound:
Compound 1: 22.0 g C / 12.01 g/mol = 1.83 moles
Compound 2: 34.5 g C / 12.01 g/mol = 2.87 moles
Next, we need to find the ratio of moles of oxygen to moles of carbon for each compound. To do this, we need to find the molecular weight of each compound and divide it by the number of moles of carbon to find the number of moles of oxygen.
Compound 1: 80.5 g / (1.83 moles C) = 43.96 g/mol
Number of moles of O in compound 1: 43.96 g/mol / 16.00 g/mol = 2.75 moles
Compound 2: 80.5 g / (2.87 moles C) = 27.98 g/mol
Number of moles of O in compound 2: 27.98 g/mol / 16.00 g/mol = 1.75 moles
Finally, divide the moles of O in each compound by the moles of C in each compound to find the ratio of moles of O to moles of C:
Compound 1: 2.75 moles O / 1.83 moles C = 1.5
Compound 2: 1.75 moles O / 2.87 moles C = 0.61
So the ratio of the masses of carbon which
combine with 1.00 g of oxygen between the two compounds is:
1.5 / 0.61 = 2.46, which we can round to 2.
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antimony has two naturally occuring isotopes, sb121 sb 121 and sb123 sb 123 . sb121 sb 121 has an atomic mass of 120.9038 u 120.9038 u , and sb123 sb 123 has an atomic mass of 122.9042 u 122.9042 u . antimony has an average atomic mass of 121.7601 u 121.7601 u . what is the percent natural abundance of each isotope?
The percent natural abundance of sb121 is 57.21%, and the percent natural abundance of sb123 is 42.79%.
The two isotopes of antimony have different atomic masses [1], which is why they have different natural abundances. The difference in atomic mass of the two isotopes is due to the different number of neutrons in the nucleus. The sb121 isotope has 51 neutrons, while the sb123 isotope has 53 neutrons. This difference in neutrons is what gives them their different masses, and thus their different natural abundances.
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monounsaturated fatty acids make up about two-thirds of the total fat in avocados. the carbon chain of a monounsaturated fatty acid has
The carbon chain of a monounsaturated fatty acid has one double bond and an even number of carbon atoms.
Due to the kink in the structure of the fatty acid brought on by the double bond, it is less saturated with hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids, which are abundant in avocados, have been linked to a number of health advantages, including a lower risk of heart disease and better cholesterol levels.
Oleic acid, the principal fatty acid in olive oil, is the source of the majority of the monounsaturated fat in avocados. According to several research, eating avocados instead of other sources of fat reduces LDL cholesterol. Avocados are free of cholesterol, as are all plant-based foods.
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at standard temperature and pressure, fluorine is a gas, and bromine is a liquid. from this, which would you predict has the stronger intermolecular force? fluorine or bromine?
The molecules will be closer together and lean toward solid behavior as the intermolecular forces become stronger. More gas-like behavior results from weaker intermolecular forces. Accordingly, the correct response is that bromine has greater intermolecular forces.
Because bromine has a slightly higher molecular weight than fluorine and stronger intermolecular bonds, it doesn't become a gas at ambient temperature like fluorine does. Due to its enormous molecular weight and intense Van Der Waals forces, iodine is a solid at normal temperature. The diatomic molecules of the halogens (F2, Cl2, and so on) are all present. Van der Waals forces are what draw molecules together in most interactions.
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4. C2 JUN 09 Q7c
Propene reacts with hydrogen bromide to give 2-bromopropane as the major product.
(1) Using the reaction scheme below, show the mechanism of the reaction using curly
arrows and full negative and positive charges as appropriate.
(2)
H,C
H
c=c
H
H
H-Br
CH, H
H-C-C-H
Br H
CH, H
1 1
H-C-C-H
Br H
2-bromopropane
(ii) State briefly, why 2-bromopropane, rather than 1-bromopropane, is the main product
of this reaction.
[1]
Explanation:
(1) The mechanism of the reaction between propene and hydrogen bromide to give 2-bromopropane is as follows:
Protonation of the alkene: A proton from hydrogen bromide (HBr) attacks the alkene, forming a carbocation intermediate.
Bromine addition: Bromine (Br) adds to the carbocation intermediate to form an intermediate bromonium ion.
Deprotonation: A proton from the bromonium ion is removed by a water molecule or another molecule, producing the final product 2-bromopropane.
The mechanism can be represented using curly arrows as follows:
H,C
H
c=c
H
H
H-Br
CH, H
H-C-C-H
Br H
CH, H
1 1
H-C-C-H
Br H
2-bromopropane
(2) 2-bromopropane is the main product of this reaction because of the stereochemistry of the reaction. When the carbocation intermediate forms, the bromine atom has a preference for adding to the face of the alkene that has the least number of hydrogen atoms. This leads to the formation of the 2-bromopropane, which has the bromine atom attached to the carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms. On the other hand, the formation of 1-bromopropane, which has the bromine atom attached to the carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, is less favorable. This is why 2-bromopropane is the main product of this reaction.
A polar molecule with the two electrically charged regions on either end is called a _____
A dipole is indeed a polar molecule featuring two electrically charged areas from either end.
A polar molecule is what?Both negative and positive charge areas are present in polar compounds. An illustration of a polar substance is water. Given its form and type of bonds, the molecule has a net positive charge for one end (the gas end) and a gradually decreasing charge on the other side (the oxygen end).
What determines a molecule's polarity?All covalent bonds that are polar and hydrophilic should be depicted by sending arrows towards an more charged object in order to identify whether the molecule stands polar or non-polar. The relative polarity can be depicted by altering the arrows' lengths.
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