Electronegativity
The tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards itself is called electronegativity.
It is the tendency of an atom to attract bonding pair of electrons towards itself. These atoms which are more electronegative are able to bear a negative charge and be stable.
Unlike electropositive elements which tend to lose electrons , electronegative elements hold on tightly to the electrons.
The electronegativity is measured using the Pauling Scale where the most electronegative element of the periodic table, Fluorine , is given a value of 4 and the rest of the elements have values lower than 4 according to the trends followed by their groups and periods.
The least electronegative element of the periodic table , Cesium has a value of 0.7 on the Pauling Scale.
Electronegativity increases when we move from left to right in the periodic table and it decreases (in general) when we move down the group.
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Which hypothesis of Thomson's atomic model was later found to be not true by Niels Bohr and why?
In 1904, J.J. Thomson published the Thomson model of the atom. The plum pudding model is often referred to as Thomson's model.
In 1897, he also made the electron discovery. Scientists Rutherford and Bohr subsequently refuted this theory. According to J.J. Thomson, an atom is a positively charged sphere with embedded negatively charged electrons.
Neils Bohr disproved it by demonstrating that any atom's mass is centred in its positively charged centre, while negatively charged electrons orbit the positive centre. In highly quantized energy levels, according to Bohr's theory, electrons orbit an atom's nucleus rather than being incorporated into it.
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pls guys I need all answers ASAP
MCQs as follows-
A common characteristic of living organism is show locomotionthe heat is a type of energyglacier is not considered as a method of precipitationthe process of producing energy in organism is nutritionsea anemone is a locomotive animal is an incorrect statementplan shows limited growth is an incorrect statementhawk is an organism who lives in aerial envionmentglass is a material who does not have ductilitysodium chloride is the main salt that dissolves in marine waterchlorophyll is the light-absorbing green coloured pigment that begins the process of photosynthesis, and Chloroplast is a membrane-bound organelle in green plant and algal cells that carries out photosynthesis and generates ATP for the use of plants.
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what is 1.0 x 10^-10 in standard form?
The given number is can be written in standard form as 1 times 10 to power negative 10 ( 1 x 10⁻¹⁰).
What is standard form?A standard form is a form of writing a given mathematical concept like an equation, number, or an expression in a form that follows certain rules.
The given number = 1.0 x 10^-10
The given figures can be written in standard form as follows;
1.0 x 10^-10 = 1 x 10⁻¹⁰
Thus, the given number is can be written in standard form as 1 times 10 to power negative 10 ( 1 x 10⁻¹⁰).
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How many protons, electrons and neutrons are in an isotope of the element with an atomic number of 79 and a mass number of 200
The number of protons, electrons and neutrons are in an isotope of the element with an atomic number of 79 and a mass number of 200 is 79, 79 and 121 respectively.
What is atomic number?Atomic number of an element is the number of protons in an atom of the element while the atomic mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom.
The electron number is equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom.
According to this question, the isotope of an element has an atomic number of 79 and a mass number of 200.
Number of protons = 79Number of electrons = 79Number of neutrons = (200 - 79) = 121Therefore, the number of protons, electrons and neutrons are in an isotope of the element with an atomic number of 79 and a mass number of 200 is 79, 79 and 121 respectively.
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Consider an atom of zirconium which has a mass number of 96.how many electrons are in an atom of zirconium with a charge of 3?
An atom of zirconium which has a mass number of 96 has 37 electrons in it.
What is zirconium?Atomic number 40 and the letter Zr are used to identify the chemical element zirconium. Zircon is the name of the mineral from which zirconium gets its name. The name has a connection to the most significant source of zirconium, the Persian word zargun (zircon; zar-gun, "gold-like" or "like gold").
This transition metal closely resembles titanium and, to a lesser extent, hafnium. It is glossy, grey-white, and strong. Although it is used sparingly as an alloying agent due to its high corrosion resistance, zirconium is mostly utilised as a refractory and an opacifier.
Inorganic and organometallic compounds like zirconium dioxide and zirconocene dichloride are both formed by zirconium. There are five stable isotopes that are found in nature. The biological function of zirconium compounds is unknown.
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Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent for: ba (s) cl2 (g) --> bacl2 (s)
CL2 is the oxidizing agent and Ba is the reducing agent for :
ba (s) cl2 (g) --> bacl2 (s)
Oxidation agents are those which oxidize another substance by taking up their electrons. The other substance gets oxidized and loses electrons. The oxidation agents themselves go through reduction.
The tendency of oxidizing agents to accept electrons is due to their high oxidation states. Halogen is an example of an oxidizing agent.
Reducing agents on the other hand reduces the other substance by giving them electrons. they themselves go through oxidation. Hydrogen is an example of a reducing agent.
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True or false risk is defined as an inherent chemical or physical characteristic
It is False that risk is defined as an inherent chemical or physical characteristic.
Risk is the probability that a person if exposed to a hazard will experience( or get harmed) an adverse health effect, it also goes with situations with equipment of property loss or harmful effects on the environment.Many factors influence the degree of risk such as the nature of exposure, the severity of the effect, how the person is been exposed, and so on.
Whereas the hazard word has a confusing definition, it refers to a physical or chemical characteristic that has the potential for causing damage to property, people, or the environment. Most of the time hazard gets combined with the word Risk.
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The action potentials of myocardial autorhythmic cells, are due to a combination of increasing Na+ and Ca2+ ________ and decreasing k ________.
The action potentials of myocardial autorhythmic cells, are due to a combination of increasing Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ influx and decreasing K⁺
efflux .
The autorythmic cells are concentrated in many areas such as:
Sinoatrial (SA) node which is located in the upper wall of the right atrium (auricle). It initiates the cardiac cycle by generating an action potential spreading throughout both atrium via gap junctions of the cardiac muscle fibers.
These autorhythmic cells have unique ability to depolarize spontaneously, which results in a pacemaker potential. Channels of cardiac autorhythmic cells are responsible for the electrical signal that triggers heart contraction.
Autorhythmic cells begin depolarizing due to a slow continuous influx of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺, and a reduced efflux of K⁺.
Several protein channels are embedded in the plasma membrane of an autorhythmic cell that allows ions to move in and out of the cell. These are important for generating action potential.
Sodium channels : allow Na⁺ ions to enter cellFast calcium channels : allow Ca²⁺ ions to enter cellPotassium channels : allow K⁺ ions to leave the cellTo learn more about autorhythmic cells,
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A gram of fat stores _____ energy than a gram of starch due to ______ within fat molecules relative to starch molecules.
A gram of fat stores more energy than a gram of starch due to more C-H bonds within fat molecules relative to starch molecules.
The energy released/stored by nutrients is known as calorific value.
The calorific value of a substance is expressed in kilo calories(kcal).
1 kcal is defined the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 °C.
The physiological calorific value of fats and carbohydrates is 9.0 kcal/g and 4.0 kcal/g respectively.
As it is evident from these values that the energy stored per gram of fat is more than the energy stored per gram of starch.
Now, the reason behind this difference in energies between these two molecules is due to the different number of C-H bonds present in them, as is evident from the adjoining images.
Therefore, A gram of fat stores more energy than a gram of starch due to more C-H bonds within fat molecules relative to starch molecules.
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What type of reaction occurs when two hydrogen atoms collide at high speed, combining together into a helium atom?
Alpha decay
Beta decay
Fission
Fusion
Answer:
Fusion.
Explanation: fusion is a nuclear reaction in which smaller atoms fuse together to form heavier elements. This describes the fusion of hydrogen into helium.
What is the nucleotide sequence of an mrna strand that has been transcribed from the dna sequence ggtagc?
CCAUCG is the nucleotide sequence of an mrna strand that has been transcribed from the DNA sequence ggtagc.
What is a nucleotide sequence?Transfer RNAs interact with the ribosome system to translate a nucleic acid sequence, known as a messenger RNA or mRNA, into the protein it encodes. Transfer RNAs partition the nucleic acid sequence into triplet codons, each of which specifies one amino acid, by binding to three nucleotides at once. The sequence does not contain punctuation signals to indicate which reading frame should be used, hence the nucleic acid can be read in three different phases or reading frames depending on the point at which division into codons begins. An addition or deletion in the nucleic acid sequence that changes the translation process from one reading frame to another is known as a frameshift mutation.To know more about the nucleotide sequence, refer:
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what are the frequency of a photon with a wavelength of 360 nm. report your answers to three significant digits.
The frequency of a photon with a wavelength of 360 nm frequency of a photon is 8.33 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹.
Given,
The wavelength of photon = 360 nm or 3.60 × 10⁻⁷
three × 10⁸ m/s is the speed of mild.
We need to discover the frequency of a given photon.
The frequency of a photon is described as the wide variety of waves that pass via a set point in a unit of time.
therefore, f = c/λ
where f is the frequency, c is the velocity of light, and λ is the wavelength of the photon.
f = 3 × 10⁸/ 3.60 × 10⁻⁷
Or, f = 0.8333 × 10¹⁵ s⁻¹
Or, f = 8.33 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
Hence, the frequency of the photon is 8.33 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹.
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The chemical released by the synaptic vesicles of neurons during synaptic transmission is called:___.
Answer:
a neurotransmitter
Explanation:
Why are the properties of a compound different than the elements that make it up.
The houses of compounds are one-of-a-kind and in a few instances very one-of-a-kind, from the ones of the factors that compose them. This is because Elements combine compounds to grow to be absolutely one-of-a-kind materials with specific houses.
Elements combine may be chemically blended into compounds, therefore, a compound includes extra factors blended, in exact proportions, with the aid of using chemical means. Compounds can be shaped with the aid of using combining atoms in their constituent factors with the aid of using ionic bonds or with the aid of using covalent bonds.
An Elements compound is a completely unique substance that paperwork while or extra factors integrate chemically. A compound usually includes the identical factors withinside the identical ratio. If the identical factors integrate into one-of-a-kind ratios, they shape one-of-a-kind compounds. Types of compounds encompass covalent and ionic compounds.
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The oxygen anion in carbon monoxide has an atomic number of 8, an atomic mass of 16, and an electrical charge of -2. how many electrons does the oxygen anion have?
Explanation:
Oxygen has atomic number eight. This means that the nuclei of all oxygen atoms have eight protons. A neutral oxygen atom will also have eight electrons.
In an oxygen ion with a
2
−
charge, the number of protons is still 8, but the number of electrons is 10.
This results in the oxygen ion having an octet (8) of valence electrons.
A sample of ammonia contains 9.0 g of hydrogen and 42 g of nitrogen. another sample of the same compound contains 15.0 g of hydrogen. calculate the amount of nitrogen in the second sample of ammonia.
Mass of nitrogen in the second sample = 70 g.
Simply said, (14.01 + 14.01) = 28.02 amu is the mass of the nitrogen molecule, or N2. This is referred to as the molecular mass, which is just the total atomic masses of all the atoms that make up a certain molecule.
What is nitrogen?Nitrogen is a chemical element with the atomic number 7 and the letter N. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest element in Periodic Group 15 (also known as the pnictogens). It is a common element in the universe, ranked eighth in the Milky Way and the Solar System in terms of overall abundance. Under normal pressure and temperature, two of the element's atoms combine to form N2, an odourless and colourless diatomic gas. N2 makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere, making it the most common uncombined element.Nitrogen is found in all living things, primarily in the amino acids that make up proteins, the nucleic acids that make up DNA and RNA, and the energy-transfer molecule adenosine triphosphate.To learn more about nitrogen, refer to the following link:
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Write the symbol for every chemical element that has atomic number greater than 70 and atomic mass less than 181.2 u.
Answer:
Lu
Hf
Ta
Explanation:
Lu- Lutecium
Atomic Number- 71
Atomic Mass-174.967
Hf- Hafnium
Atomic Number-72
Atomic Mass178.492
Ta- Tantalum
Atomic Number-73
Atomic Mass-180.948
The chemical elements that meet the criteria are Hafnium (Hf) and Tantalum (Ta).
The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, while the atomic mass represents the total mass of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Elements with atomic numbers greater than 70 are located in the bottom rows of the periodic table, known as the "lanthanides" and "actinides."
So, Atomic Number > 70 and Atomic Mass < 181.2 u
1. Hafnium (Hf) - Atomic Number: 72, Atomic Mass: 178.49 u
2. Tantalum (Ta) - Atomic Number: 73, Atomic Mass: 180.95 u
3. Tungsten (W) - Atomic Number: 74, Atomic Mass: 183.84 u
4. Rhenium (Re) - Atomic Number: 75, Atomic Mass: 186.21 u
Therefore, the chemical elements are Hafnium (Hf) and Tantalum (Ta).
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The rms speed of the molecules of a gas is 200 m/s at a temperature 300 k. what is the mass of the individual molecules?
The rms speed of the molecule is 200 m/s at a temperature of 300K. Then, the mass of the individual molecule is 3.11 ×10⁻²⁵ Kg.
Given,
The rms speed of the molecule (Vrms) = 200 m/s
The temperature of the molecule (T) = 300K
We have to find the mass (M) of individual molecules.
The expression for root mean square speed measures the speed of particles in a gas is given by:-
Vrms = √3KT/M
By squaring both sides we get,
(Vrms)² = 3KT/M
(200)² = 3 × 1.33 × 10 ⁻²³ × 300 / M
Or, M = 3.105 × 10⁻²⁵ Kg
Hence, the mass of the individual molecule is 3.105 × 10⁻²⁵ Kg.
The root mean square (R.M.S) speed V of the molecules of an ideal gas is given by the expression, v=sqrt(3RTM) and v=sqrt(3KTm) where R is universal gas constant, T is the absolute (Kelvin) temperature, m is the molar mass, K is Boltzmann's constant and M is the molecular mass.
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Explain why one molecule of nabh4 will reduce only two molecules of m acetylbenzaldehyde to form the corresponding product
One molecule of nabh4 will reduce only two molecules of m-acetylbenzaldehyde to form the corresponding product because there are only two functional groups that can react with NaBH4, namely the ketone and the aldehyde, but NaBH4 had four H present to protonate the molecule.
What is protonation?
An atom, molecule, or ion can be protonated by adding a proton to it. The difference between protonation and hydrogenation is that during protonation, the protonated species' charge changes, whereas it remains unchanged during hydrogenation. Numerous catalytic processes result in protonation.
A conjugate acid is created when a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H+), is added to an atom, molecule, or ion. Deprotonation is the analogous process that occurs when a proton is taken out of a Bronsted-Lowry acid.
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Set the temperature of the green box to 300k. click on start. after 10 seconds remove the wall. what is the convincing evidence that entropy increased when the wall was removed?
Convincing evidence that entropy increased when the wall was removed, when the distribution of ball speeds evened out, and there was no longer a significant difference in distributions between the two boxes.
Entropy is just a measure of disorder and affects all aspects of our daily lives. If you add more energy by heating the gas, the amount of various possibilities for arranging the energy over the molecules increases.
For example, when a hot object is placed up-to-date with a chilly object, heat flows from the warmer one to the Entropy, never spontaneously from colder to hotter. If heat were to go away from the colder object and pass to the warmer one, energy could still be conserved.
The Second Law indicates that thermodynamic processes, i.e., processes that involve the transfer or conversion of warmth energy, are irreversible because all of them lead to a rise in entropy. Entropy measures what quantity thermal energy or heat per temperature.
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How many moles of calcium ions, nitrate ions, and oxygen atoms are present in 0.502 mol of calcium nitrate?
calcium ions 66.3 .
mol nitrate ions mol oxygen atoms mol
In calcium nitrate 0.502 mol are present no of moles of calcium ions Calcium ions=0.502 mol, nitrate ions= 1.004 mol, oxygen atoms =3.012 mol
Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 = 0.502 mol
The required equation for the given question is below:
Ca(NO3)2 → 2N03- + Ca2+
Here two ion are present
2 nitrate ions per mole of Ca(NO3)2
1 calcium ion per mole of Ca(NO3)2
6 oxygen atoms per mole of Ca(NO3)2
Calcium ions therefore equal 0.502 mol,
Nitrate ions equal 2 x 0.502 mol = 1.004 mol
Oxygen atoms equal 6 x 0.502 mol = 3.012 mol
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Give examples of:
3 Solid to solid mixtures
3 Solid to liquid
3 liquid to liquid
3 liquid to gas
thanks
Answer:
Explanation: Solid to Solid mixtures
1. Iron+Sulphur
2. Pottasium Nitrate+Potassium Chlorate
3. Ammonium Chloride+Sodium Chloride
Solid to Liquid Mixtures
1. Salt+Water
2. Sand+Water
3. Calcium Carbonate+Water
Liquid to Liquid Mixtures
1. Alcohol+Water
2. Oil+Water
3. Kerosene+Water
Liquid to Gas Mixtures
1. Hydrogen+Oxygen
2. Hydrogen Chloride+Nitogen
3.Air (Air is a mixture of many gases)
It is a good idea to put input values and output values into separate sheets when solving a complex problem if it improves readability and usability. True or false?.
It is a good idea to put input values and output values into separate sheets when solving a complex problem if it improves readability and usability. this statement is false.
The definition of a problem is something that needs to be resolved or an unpleasant or undesirable condition that needs to be corrected. An example problem is an algebraic equation. An example problem is when it's raining and you don't have an umbrella.
The most common meaning is a diplomatic alternative to "problem". The word "problem" can be too negative, especially in the world of politics and business. It focuses on the bad side of things and suggests that someone made a mistake. The main difference between a task and a problem is that a task is a difficult task that a person wishes to complete, whereas a problem is difficult to manage, understand, and impedes an individual's progress.
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_______________ forces mediated by _________________ are disrupted when ice melts
Answer:
Explanation:
intermolecular forces mediated by hydrogen bonding are disrupted when ice melts.
do ions add another atom
yes ions add another atom
ions are electrically charged particles that can be created by either taking electrons away from neutral atoms to form positive ions or adding electrons to neutral atoms to produce negative ions. The quantity of protons remains constant during the formation of an ion.
Ionic bonds are defined as connections between atoms in which electrons are primarily transported from one atom to another. Since there is always some electron sharing between atoms, we say largely because the sharing in ionic bonds is relatively uneven. The bond has a stronger ionic character the more unequally the electrons are shared.
Between a metal and a non-metal, ionic bonding form. Ionic bonds, as opposed to covalent ones, involve the transfer of valence electrons between atoms.
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yes Ions can be combined with other atoms to create new elements or compounds.
Since they contain an equivalent number of protons and electrons, atoms are neutral particles. Ions are electrically charged entities that can be created by either taking electrons away from neutral atoms to form positive ions or adding electrons to neutral atom to form negative ions.An atoms become the ions when the neutral atom gain the electrons to formed anions and loses its electrons to formed cations.The anions can be combined with the cations through the ionic bond or electrostatic bond.The stable atoms is electrical neutral atom or an atom is not stable when it contains any charge over it like negative or positive charge.However not all ions are atoms, an atom can be an ion.
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The operations of a cell are directed by the:
The molecule of the type ml4 consists of four single bonds and no lone pairs. what structure is it expected to assume?
It expected to assume tetrahedral in shape.
What is tetrahedral shape?Tetrahedral molecules are those in which the central atom has four bonds and no lone pairs. The atoms bonded to the central atom are located at the four corners of a tetrahedron, and there are 109.5° angles between them.
A common example of a tetrahedral structure is methane, which contains four hydrogen atoms around the carbon atom. The nitrogen atom at the centre of the ammonium ion is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms.
The carbon atoms are organised tetrahedrally in a diamond. With a C-C-C bond angle of 109.5 degrees, each carbon atom is joined to four more carbon atoms at a distance of 1.544 x 10⁻¹⁰metres. It produces an endless network of atoms and has a robust, hard three-dimensional structure.
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The molecule of the sort ML₄ consists of four single bonds and no lone pairs.The structure is it expected to assume is tetrahedral
What is meant by tetrahedral structure?
Tetrahedral may be a molecular shape that occurs when there are four bonds and no lone pairs in the molecule's central atom. The atoms bonded to the central atom are located at the four corners of a tetrahedron, with 109.5° angles between them.
What is a Molecule?
A molecule may be a particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together; the number of atomic nuclei making up a molecule is a determinate number. for instance , HCl(g) may be a molecule made of one hydrogen atom bonded to one chlorine atom.
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Metric Conversions
1: convert 104 KM to M
2: convert 16 CM to MM
3: convert 5.6 KG to MG
Answer:
1. 104000m
2. 160mm
3. 5600000 mg
When drawing conclusions from the data in a scientific claim, you need to evaluate the person making the claim. the person making the claim should be?
When drawing conclusions from the data in a scientific claim , the person making the claim should be trained in that field in which he or she is making claim.
Claim made by scientists in there research or theory is known as Scientific claim. It is based generally on evidences and systematic observation . These claims should be supported by proofs and pre existing theories so that this can be relied on.
But every scientific claim is not true and thus is non reliable because of faults and flaws made during the experiment and investigation .
Therefore to make a claim reliable , the person making the claim should have abundance knowledge of it and have done sufficient background search of the topic on which he or she is making the claim. Also he or she should be trained in the field in which they are making the claim then only the claim can be trusted and the theories and conclusion can be made out of it.
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It is often helpful to remember the acronym pass when using a fire extinguisher. fill in the word that corresponds with each letter to complete the steps needed for operation of this device.
the acronym PASS involves the steps needed for the operation of the fire extinguisher which are Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.
P- Pull the pin, this step will allow you to discharge the extinguisher.
A- Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, If aim at the flames, which is most frequently the temptation, the agent in the extinguisher will fly right through and will do no good, You had to hit the fuel.
S- Squeeze the lever slowly, In this step depresses the button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent in the extinguisher.
S- Sweep the spray from side to side over the fire, Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then move forward to the reduced flame, until the fire is completely out, but keep an eye, on the area it may re-ignites.
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