The presence of glossopteris leaves and mesosaurus on disconnected continents are strong fossil evidence for continental drift.
There are numerous examples of fossils found only on different continents, indicating that the continents were once connected. Only in southern Africa and eastern South America can bones of Mesosaurus, a crocodile-like reptile that lived 286 to 258 million years ago, be found. Traveling by swimming between continents would have been physically impossible for Mesosaurus.
This shows that during the Early Permian, South America and Africa were connected. The Early Permian (299 million years ago) saw the evolution of Glossopteris, a woody, seed-bearing shrub or tree that went on to dominate the era and persisted until the end of the Permian. Australia, South Africa, South America, India, and Antarctica all contain its fossil remains.
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Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the:_______
Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the continental slope.
A continental slope is what?The slope from the continental shelf's outer edge to the deep ocean floor is referred to as a continental slope. Submarine canyons cut the continental slope over various areas. The seaward boundary of the continental shelf is marked by the continental slope.How is the slope of the continent formed?The continental slopes serve as transient locations for sediment deposition throughout geologic time. Rivers may immediately deposit their sedimentary burden on them during times of low sea level. As the mass becomes unstable from the accumulation of sediments, it sloughs off to the lower slope and the continental rise.To learn more about continental slope visit:
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Name the early-twentieth-century hypothesis that was at first rejected by geologists and the more comprehensive theory that later replaced it.
The idea of continental drift led to ideas of seafloor spreading, then the theory of plate tectonics was born.
Plate tectonics is the widely accepted scientific theory that the earth's lithosphere consists of several large, slow-moving tectonic plates that have existed for about 3.4 billion years. This model is based on the concept of continental drift, an idea that was developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics is generally accepted by geologists after confirming propagation.
The seafloor in the mid to late 1960s. Upper mantle), divided into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many small plates or "platelets". Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of plate boundary: convergent, divergent, or transformative. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain building, and sea trench digging occur along this plate boundary (or fault). The relative motion of the plates generally varies from 0 to 10 cm per year.
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While flying over mountainous terrain you see clouds with extensive vertical development. what does this indicate?
Clouds with extensive vertical development seen while flying over mountainous terrains are caused due to an unstable air mass that is forced to ascend a slope of the mountain.
What are cumulus clouds?Cumulus clouds are the clouds that exhibit major vertical development, how, ever it has not yet converted into a thunderstorm. It is also called cumulus congestus or towering cumulus.
The term cumulus has been derived from the Latin word cumulo, which means heap or pile. These clouds have flat bases and are described as "puffy" in appearance. They may only be only 1000 meters above the ground and their tops have rounded towers. These clouds develop in an upward motion and can grow into a giant cumulonimbus, which is a thunderstorm cloud.
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Why do lightning strikes have a low potential for catastrophe?
Lightning strikes have a low potential for catastrophe because typically, lightning doesn't have a significant impact on both persons and property.
What is Lightning?Lightning is a naturally occurring electrostatic discharge that arises from the temporary neutralization of two electrically charged regions, either in the atmosphere or with one on the ground. It results in the instantaneous release of an average of one gigajoule of energy.What is catastrophe?A catastrophe is a large-scale calamity with a profound impact on people's lives and which necessitates a huge investment of time, money, and resources in reaction and recovery.Disasterous weather conditions can include, among other things, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, and droughts. Scientific data implicates climate change as the main factor contributing to the increasing frequency of these extremely damaging and expensive catastrophes.Learn more about lightning here:
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Our supply of fossil fuels, such as petroleum and natural gas, is effectively unlimited as technology develops to extract more of it.
a. true
b. false
The answer is false.
The statement that our supply of fossil fuels, such as petroleum and natural gas, is effectively unlimited as technology develops to extract more of it, is false.
Why is the aforementioned statement false?Fossil fuels or the energy resources extracted from fossils such as oil, coal and natural gas, are non - renewable resources. These resources were formed when prehistoric plants and animals died and as time passed, gradually they were buried by layers of rock and soil.
These are available in limited amounts and even if technology is developed to extract more of it, one day the Earth's reserves of the fossil fuels will come to an end. These reserves are already being exploited by human activities and cannot be replenished fast enough to fill the increasing gap.
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Abyssal plains are large, flat features that cover about ________ of the planet.
Abyssal plains are large, flat features that cover about one third of the planet.
What are Abyssal plains?The broad, flat, sediment-covered regions of the deep ocean floor are known as abyssal plains. They have a slope of less than one foot of height variation for every thousand feet of travel, making them the flattest, featureless places on Earth.When tectonic plates separate, magma rises and forms new crust, filling the space that was left between the plates. When sediments from the shoreline pass over the continental shelf, tumble down the continental slope, and deposit on top of the more recent oceanic crust, they create an abyssal plane.Learn more about Abyssal plains here:
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12. Visit the Incan city of Machu Picchu in
this country, located at 10'S, 75 W.
Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan citadel located approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) south of Cusco, Peru. When the American explorer Hiram Bingham III first visited the settlement's ruins in 1911 and brought them to the world's attention, they were little known — even among Cusco residents.
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located on a 2,430-meter (7,970 ft) mountain ridge in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru. [2] [3] It's in the Machu picchu District of Urubamba Province, above the Sacred Valley, about 80 kilometers (50 miles) northwest of Cusco. The Urubamba River flows past it, carving a canyon through the Cordillera and creating a tropical mountain climate. According to studies, the majority of the people who lived there were immigrants from various backgrounds. They lacked the chemical and osteological markers that would have been present if they had lived there their entire lives. Instead, bone damage was caused by various species of water parasites native to different regions of Peru. There were also varying osteological stressors and chemical densities, implying that the long-term diets of specific regions were spaced apart.
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Describe and explain the three reasons glaciers flow. please use complete sentences and proper grammar.
The bedrock has a slope, which causes the glacier to move downward as the first cause of glacial movement. Second, since ice crystals must bend to flow downward, the glacier's ice sheets help it do so. Ice sheets are created when ice crystals deform. Thirdly, the flow of melted water beneath the glacier is what causes it to move.
Why does Glacier flow occur?The weight and creep characteristics of ice have a straightforward effect on glacier flow. When ice is subjected to shear stress over time, it will creep, or plastically deform. Under constant shear stress, the rate of plastic deformation starts out quickly before tapering off to a constant amount.
A curved graph will be produced if this stable value, the shear-strain rate, is plotted against the stress for a wide range of applied stress values. The chart demonstrates the shear strain rate's near proportionality to the shear stress cube, which is the flow law or fundamental law of ice.
All assessments of the movement of ice sheets and glaciers are built around this fundamental law, which glaciologists frequently refer to as the Glen flow law.
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Persons traveling to the western hemisphere across the international date line must?
Persons traveling to the western hemisphere across the international date line must turn the calendar ahead one day.
The calendar must be advanced one day for people crossing the international date line to the western hemisphere. The line separating one calendar day from the next is known as the International Date Line (IDL), and it runs between the South and North Poles on the surface of the Earth.
International date line travels through the Pacific Ocean, roughly tracing the 180° longitude line and deviating to go around several states and island chains. When travelling eastward across the date line, the date is shortened by one day (24 hours), but when travelling westward across the date line, the date is lengthened.
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Volcanoes can form from the following processes:
a. hot spots
b. subduction
c. divergence
d. transform boundaries
Volcanoes can form from the subduction processes.
On land, volcanoes form when one tectonic plate moves under another. Normally, thin and heavy oceanic plates subduct or move beneath thicker tectonic plates. The oceanic plate submerges in the mantle. First, place an empty plastic bottle on a pile of sand. Volcanoes can form along plate boundaries.
Volcanoes erupt when rock melts from the mantle, moves through the crust to the surface, and releases trapped gases. Extremely high temperatures and pressures melt rocks, turning them into liquid rocks and magma. As large masses of magma form, they rise to the surface through denser layers of rock.
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