The nerve cell stage in which potassium returns to the inside of the cell and sodium returns to the outside of the cell is called Refractory period.
Nerve cell is the functional unit of the nervous system. The action potential is transmitted through various phases.
Normally the nerve cell is in resting membrane potential of -70mV. During this phase all the gated channels are closed and only passive transport of ions take place.
As a action potential arrive all the voltage gated sodium open and influx of sodium occurs into the cells. It is called depolarization phase. It causes the membrane potential to pass to next part of the axon.
After that the potassium channels open and outflow of K+ ions occurs outside cell called repolarization.
The resting period after this is called refractory period.
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Where does the Prime Meridian run?
Select one:
a.
From north to south, through England
b.
From north to south, through the Pacific Ocean
c.
From east to west in the middle of the globe
d.
Through the center of the Earth
Answer:
A
Explanation:
from north to south , through England
The purpose of resin in pines is to ____. multiple choice question.
A. carry large volumes of water
B. withstand cold temperatures
C. protect against insects and fungi
D. provide rigid strength
The purpose of resin in pines is to protect against insects and fungi.
What is the purpose of resin in pines?Pine needle has resin that is responsible for the defense of plant body against insects and other animals. The resins may disrupt the feeding, digestion or metabolic function of the insects and animals that feed on it. Resin is a substance that can be used for a various purposes in our daily life. It is commonly used for making arts, crafts, flooring and countertops. Resin can also be used to make plastics and act as an excellent adhesive which is used to join materials to one another. Pines and many other plants that produce resin are used to protect the inner body of plant from causing disease.
So we can conclude that the purpose of resin in pines is to protect against insects and fungi.
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All of the carbohydrates in the plasma membrane face the cell exterior. which direction do the carbohydrates on internal cell membranes face?
The direction the monolayer will face will be established randomly. All of the carbohydrates in the plasma membrane face the cell exterior.
What are carbohydrates?Sugar molecules make up what is known as a carb. The three primary nutrients present in foods and beverages are proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are converted to glucose by your body. Your body's cells, tissues, and organs primarily use glucose, also known as blood sugar, as a source of energy.
Bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks, corn, and cherry pie are just a few examples of foods high in carbohydrates, both healthy and unhealthy. A variety of forms are also available for them. Sugars, fibres, and starches are the three most prevalent and plentiful forms.
Due to their longer sugar molecules, which take longer for the body to break down, complex carbohydrates are regarded as "good" carbohydrates.
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A red blood cell placed into a container of distilled water will ________ water through the process of ___________.
A red blood cell placed into a container of distilled water will gain water through the process of osmosis.
What is osmosis?Through a cell's partially permeable membrane, water molecules move through osmosis from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to one with a lower concentration. Red blood cells that are exposed to fresh water swell, and plant root hairs that absorb water are two examples of osmosis. Soak gummy candies in water to see an uncomplicated example of osmosis. A semipermeable membrane is created by the gel in the candies.
When two solutions with different solute concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane, osmosis is how the solvent is transported through the membrane. The solvent is transferred from a solution with a lower concentration of solute to a solution with a higher concentration during osmosis.
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When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is? a. conducting an endergonic reaction. b. polymerized. c. in equilibrium. d. reduced. e. oxidized.
When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is (e) oxidized.
Electrons are the sub-atomic particles that surround the nucleus in an atom. The charge of an electron is e = 1.60217663 × 10-19 coulombs. The electrons are negatively charged, They can occur in free state as well. Electron itself is made of quanta of energy.
Oxidation is gain of oxygen atom. However, for being oxidized, not always oxygen has to be gained. The loss of electrons is also oxidation. This results in the increase in oxidation state. Loss of hydrogen atom is also oxidation. For example formation of magnesium oxide involves oxidation of magnesium.
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Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. a common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is?
Answer:
Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. a common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is calcium.
Explanation:
A frequent paraneoplastic illness called hypercalcemia or the higher level of calcium that can affect up to 10% of people who have advanced neoplasms. The much more important cause of this illness is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which is a paraneoplastic protein. The abnormal synthesis of parathyroid hormone as well as parathyroid hormone frequently results in hypercalcemia, which raises the blood calcium content and causes bone breakage. a, different types of cancers are caused by paraneoplastic syndromes like breast cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer etc. The doctor will have to perform a physical examination and request blood tests to identify paraneoplastic syndrome of something like the nervous system.
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____is the small but influential brain structure that controls the pituitary gland and regulates hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, body temperature, and a wide variety of emotional behaviors.
Answer:
The hypothalamus is a brain structure that contains a number of small areas that perform a variety of functions, including the regulation of hunger and sexual behaviour, as well as linking the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
What are four possible reasons a cell might not be able to create and deliver all the protein it needs
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can cause alteration in signaling pathways, transcription, translation, and epigenetics is a reason that a cell might not be able to create and deliver all the protein it needs.
Mutation can change the instructions of a gene to not make protein at all. It can also cause a protein to malfunction.
It can change the transcription of a nucleotide sequence from DNA to mRNA.
A lack of amino acids can also be a major reason that a cell might not be able to create and deliver the protein.
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Brain cells that respond to actions performed by someone else by mimicking the action are called?
Brain cells that respond to actions performed by someone else by mimicking the action are called Mirror Neurons.
Mirror Neurons- A type of neuron called a mirror neuron changes its activity when a person performs a certain motor movement and when they see someone else perform the same or a similar task.
Motor Movement- Motor skills include things like extending, bending, catching, and throwing.
Brain cells- The brain's functional tissue is made up of brain cells. The stroma, which contains blood vessels, is the structural or connective portion of the remaining brain tissue. Neurons, also known as nerve cells, and glial cells, sometimes known as neuroglia, are the two primary cell types in the brain.
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A virus is a cellular agent that possesses membrane-bound organelles. True or false
Answer:
it is false because virus destroy the cellular agent.
3. What is the function of a stop codon?
tells ribosomes and tRNA to package the proteins for transport out of the cell
tells ribosomes and tRNA to return to the nucleus of the cell
tells ribosomes and tRNA molecules to attach to a strand of mRNA and begin reading and translating
Otells ribosomes and tRNA to stop reading codons and detach
The function of a stop codon is that it tells ribosomes and tRNA to stop reading codons and detach. That is option D.
What is ribosomes?Ribosomes are membrane bound cellular organelles that assists the cell in the synthesis of proteins.
The tRNA which is the transfer ribonucleic acid is located at a specific area in the ribosomes and they help in the translation of messages from the messenger Ribonucleic acid for protein synthesis.
The stop codon is a nucleotide that is located at the messenger RNA. Examples of stop codons found in the mRNA include the following:
UAG, UAA, andUGADuring the production of proteins by the ribosomes, the stop codons helps to put this process in check by using a negative feedback mechanism of action.
That is to say, the signalling of the stop codon leads to the inhibition of protein synthesis through telling the ribosomes and tRNA to stop reading codons and detach.
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Two neurosurgeons were able to reduce seizure activity in epileptic patients by severing the _____.
Two neurosurgeons were able to reduce seizure activity in epileptic patients by severing the: corpus callosum
The epilepsy is a brain disease associated with neurological disorders. Patients suffering from this disease present multiple repetitive and unpredictable seizures that could cause physical damage to the patient.
The general cause of epilepsy may be due to a health condition, an injury affecting the brain, or even an unknown (idiopathic) cause. The followings are common causes of epilepsy:
Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).Dementia, such as Alzheimer's diseaseTraumatic brain injuryInfections, such as brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, and HIV/AIDSBrain problems present at birthBrain tumorOther disease that damages or destroys brain tissueWhat is the corpus callosum?It is the part of the brain that acts like a bridge linking the two cerebral hemispheres.
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What is the sequence of events that occur in order for the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland to release hormones into the blood?
Your body's sophisticated control and coordination center is located in your hypothalamus, a structure deep inside your brain. Its major job is to maintain homeostasis, a constant state of equilibrium in your body. It carries out its function through controlling hormones or by directly affecting your autonomic nervous system.
What are the endocrine cells?The gut's endocrine cells are a significant source of the hormones that regulate metabolism, digestion, and appetite. They are mostly found in two places: islets in the pancreas and sporadic clusters in the mucosal epithelium of the gut.
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Describe two effects that a change in the sequence of amino acids would have on a protein.
Intricate molecules make up proteins.
The way a protein folds up determines the distinct three-dimensional form that it has. It cannot do its task in the cell if it does not fold up into the proper shape. Amino acid linkages, which are dispersed along the protein molecule, are what give a protein its shape. The bond cannot form if the incorrect amino acid is present, preventing the protein from adopting the proper shape and performing its function. For instance, the illness sickle cell anemia is brought on by a single fatal error in the amino acid sequence of the hemoglobin molecule!
Proteins are made from chemical 'constructing blocks' called amino acids. Your body uses amino acids to construct and repair muscle mass and bones and to make hormones and enzymes.
They also can be used as an power source. you can without problems meet your day by day protein needs via following the Australian nutritional recommendations.
Proteins are big biomolecules and macromolecules that contain one or extra lengthy chains of amino acid residues.
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During diabetic ketoacidosis the ph of the blood decreases. how does the body respond and why?
The overproduction of acetoacetic acid and -hydroxybutyric acid causes acidosis in DKA. These two ketoacids entirely separate at physiological pH, and the extra hydrogen ions bind the bicarbonate, lowering serum bicarbonate levels.
Why does diabetes cause a drop in blood pH?
As a result, the liver creates beta-hydroxybutyrate, an acid that gives the brain and muscles energy through the bloodstream.
However, if the body continues to use fat stores as fuel, this causes the blood's pH to drop as the sugar molecules circulate in the blood unused.
What transpires within the body while a diabetic is in ketoacidosis?The potentially fatal condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) affects patients with diabetes. It happens when the body begins to break down fat at an excessively rapid rate. The fat is converted by the liver into a fuel called ketones, which makes the blood acidic.learn more about diabetic ketoacidosis here
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When hypothesizing a possible phylogeny in order to classify taxa, scientists incorporate systematics to?
When hypothesizing a possible phylogeny in order to classify taxa, scientists incorporate systematics to provide primarily morphological information. Professionals frequently express hypotheses in if/then statements, e.g., if someone consumes a lot of sugar, then they will get cavities in their teeth.
These claims list particular variables and make predictions about the outcomes. In this instance, the sugar content is the variable, and cavities are the outcome. A hypothesis is a theory put up to explain a phenomenon. A hypothesis must be testable according to the scientific method for it to be considered a scientific hypothesis. Scientific phylogeny are typically based on prior observations.
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Why do humans , bees , and flowers need glucose and not rocks ?
To help understand immunostimulant drug therapy, the client has come to the clinic for a class on thrombopoiesis. the nurse explains that the term means the formation of which types of blood cells?
Answer:
Глупый америкос , глупые вопросы задаёт , а мы русские все сами решить можем!
Explanation: Тупой америкос
Why is it important that scientists collect and organize information in an orderly way?
Answer: This is important because without organization the scientist could very likely and easily make mistakes in the future.
Explanation: For example, if later the scientist decided to do an experiment based on the information he collected earlier, but the information was not organized and he couldn't remember what the information meant then he couldn't perform the experiment effectively, with precision, or even at all.
Imagine that, of three species, it is known that species 1 and 3 were separated 10 million years ago, based on geologic measurements. Genetic analysis at a neutral locus indicates that these species differ by 100 substitutions. If there are 10 substitutions separating species 1 and 2, approximately how long ago did these species diverge?.
Answer: 1 million years ago
How does capillary action allow water to climb up the sides of a straw? (For biology homework, please help if you can)
What transpires inside a drinking straw that has been placed in a cup of water is an illustration of capillary action.
The water will rise inside the straw a little bit higher than the rest of the water because the force of adhesion holding the water together and to the straw is a little stronger than gravity.
The adhesion of water molecules to other molecules, or the attraction between them, is also connected to these cohesive forces. This may be seen when a straw is placed in a glass of water and water "climbs" up the straw. You'll see that the water seems to be higher on the straw's sides than in the center.When we suck from a straw, a low-pressure area is generated inside our lungs by increasing the capacity of our lungs. As a result, the liquid rises inside the straw as a result of the atmospheric pressure forcing it into our mouth from the outside.Learn more about capillary action here:
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If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the __________ or the __________ plane.
Transverse, horizontal
If you wanted to see a section through both lungs at the same time, you could make a cut in the Transverse or the horizontal plane.
Which four anatomical planes are there?Four fictitious flat surfaces or planes called anatomical planes cut across the body at four anatomical points. They are the horizontal (transverse) plane, the median plane, the sagittal planes, and the coronal (frontal) planes. On these planes, anatomical descriptions are also built.Definition of the transverse sectionA transverse section is a cross-sectional portion that is created by physically or artificially slicing the body or any part of the body structure in a horizontal plane. That plane forms a 90-degree angle with the longitudinal axis.What do a longitudinal and transverse section mean?A longitudinal section is one that is cut parallel to the object's longest dimension. Any cut between the longitudinal and transverse planes is referred to as an oblique section. A cut made perpendicular to the main plane of the organ or specimen is referred to as a cross section or transverse section.To learn more about transverse section visit:
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There is no simple way to determine whether a website has an editorial process to evaluate the factual accuracy of the information presented. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
It is true to say that there is no quick way to tell whether a website employs an editorial process to assess the veracity of the content provided.
How does the editing process work?When an author submits a document, a tracking number is assigned to it.The editorial office first checks the manuscript for quality to make sure the document is formatted correctly. The manuscript is allocated to an Editor in Chief, who chooses whether to submit it to a Senior Editor for review.What accomplishes an editorial?Editors assess a manuscript's potential and determine what works and what doesn't.Editors provide revision advice to authors to assist them improve their work.editors make the writing more readable by polishing it.Lastly, editors ensure that the text is accurate and prepared for publishing.
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A traumatic injury to a joint involving the soft tissue (muscles, ligaments, and tendons) is a?
A traumatic injury to a joint involving the soft tissue is called a sprain.
Generally, 'soft tissue' is commonly used to describe muscles, tendons and ligaments. They connect, support and surround the bones. A traumatic injury to the ligament is called a sprain, and a traumatic injury to the muscles and tendons is called a strain.
A sprain or torn ligament occurs when the ligaments in a joint get torn due to a sudden movement so extreme, it exceeds the ligament's normal range of movement. In a joint, ligaments are inelastic, tough collagen fibers that connect two or more bones together.
When a muscle or tendon is overstretched and gets torn, it is called a strain or a pulled muscle. A tendon is a fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones.
The major difference between a strain and a sprain is that a strain is an injury to the muscles and tendons, while a sprain is an injury to the ligaments. Both injuries are usually mild and can be treated at home using ice, compressions, elevation and rest.
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Define domestic and compare the domestic water usage among the world average, the low income and high income countries
China's population uses, 1370 trillion liters of water annually, according to data. It now ranks among the nations with the highest global water use.
What is domestic water usage?Domestic water use in homes encompasses both indoor and outdoor activities such as drinking, cooking, cleaning, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, flushing toilets, watering gardens and lawns, and maintaining swimming pools.
9,087 billion cubic meters of water are used globally each year. The biggest annual totals were consumed by China, India, and the U.S., totaling 1,207 billion, 1,182 billion, and 1,053 billion cubic meters, respectively. Brazil came in second with 482 billion.
Therefore, large amount of domestic water usage among the world.
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The phenomenon where friction causes the infinitesimally thin layer of air molecules immediately adjacent to the body surface to stick to the surface is called the _____ condition.
Answer: Stored as lipids in fat tissue!
Explanation: Excess glucose is stored as lipids in your fat tissues. It can also be stored as glycogen in your muscles.
The use of mri brain scans has revealed _____ in those who suffer from schizophrenia.
The use of MRI brain scans has revealed enlarged ventricles in those who suffer from schizophrenia.
What is schizophrenia?Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by recurrent or ongoing psychotic episodes. Hallucinations (often voice hearing), delusions, and jumbled thinking are among the main symptoms. Other signs include indifference, a reduction in emotional expression, and social disengagement. Young adulthood is the normal time for the onset of symptoms, which frequently never go away. Observed behavior, a history that includes the person's reported experiences, and the accounts of those who are familiar with the person are used to make the diagnosis because there is no objective diagnostic test. If symptoms and functional impairment are present for six months (DSM-5) or one month, schizophrenia can be diagnosed.
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Cardiac muscle contracts as a unit because the electrical activity in the heart spreads over the entire muscle due to____________.
Cardiac muscle contracts as a unit because the electrical activity in the heart spreads over the entire muscle due to gap junctions in intercalated discs.
Heart is formed by a specialized tissue called myocardium. The myocardium is responsible for pumping blood through the heart. It contracts and expands involuntarily in response to electrical impulses from the nervous system. The heart has another tissue that contains pacemaker cells. These cells are responsible for generating electrical impulses. They determine the heart rate by controlling the frequency of pumping up of blood.
The myocardium, as a whole of cardiac muscle, is held together by desmosomes. Desmosomes are another specialized structure found inside the intercalated discs.
Two cardiac muscles are connected by intercalated discs. Intercalated discs have a gap junction inside them which transfers the electrical impulse from one cardiac muscle cell to another.
Therefore, cardiac muscle contracts due to the action of gap junctions inside the intercalated discs.
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Which chemotherapeutic agents require the prescription of mesna (mesnex)?
Cytoprotective (ifosfamide) chemotherapeutic agents require the prescription of mesna (mesnex).
Cytoprotective- Describing a substance or agent that guards against predicted cell harm.
Mesna- When receiving ifosfamide, mesna is used to lower the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis, a disorder that causes bladder inflammation and may result in life-threatening bleeding (a medication used for the treatment of cancer).
Chemotherapeutic- Originally, chemotherapeutic treatments were those used to treat infectious microorganisms, but the word has now been expanded to cover anticancer medications as well. Vincristine, Paclitaxel, and Topotecan are three examples.
Microorganisms- A living thing that can only be observed under a microscope. Protozoa, algae, fungus, and bacteria are all examples of microorganisms.
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If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna, what would happen at the rna level?.
The RNA polymerase could now no longer be capable of understand and bind the DNA, so no RNA could be made .then RNA polymerase and related transcription elements will now no longer understand the promoter
Promoter sequences outline the path of transcription and imply which DNA strand can be transcribed; this strand is referred to as the feel strand. Many eukaryotic genes have a conserved promoter series known as the TATA box, placed 25 to 35 base pairs upstream of the transcription begin site.
The series of bases in DNA can regulate the shape of proteins. Sections of DNA which feature as genes are transcribed into 'pre-mRNA', then edited and spliced to shape mature messenger RNA.
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