False. The major evolutionary episode corresponding most closely in time with the formation of Pangaea was the Permian extinction, which occurred around 250 million years ago.
The Pleistocene ice ages occurred much later, around 2.6 million to 11,700 years ago. The Cambrian explosion, which marked a major diversification of life on Earth, occurred around 541 million years ago, while the Cretaceous extinctions, which wiped out the dinosaurs, took place around 66 million years ago.
The major evolutionary episode that corresponds closely in time with the formation of Pangaea was the Permian extinction, which occurred about 252 million years ago and led to the extinction of more than 90% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species.
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As the South Atlantic basin widens by seafloor spreading at a divergent plate boundary, Africa and South America are moving closer together. True or False
False, Africa and South America are getting closer as the South Atlantic basin widens due to seafloor expanding at a divergent plate boundary.
Explain the answer above?
Africa and South America are shifting away from each other as the South Atlantic basin widens due to seafloor spreading at a diverging plate boundary. Seafloor spreading is the formation of new oceanic crust at a divergent plate boundary, allowing the oceanic plates to move apart.
As a result, the width of the ocean basin increases, as does the distance between the continents on either side of the boundary.
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A number of invasive species have been introduced in the Baltic Sea due to an increase in _________.
Answer:
Ship traffic
Explanation:
according to a new study released this week, which part of earth may have stopped turning?
The rotation of the Earth's inner core may have ceased, which could have caused it to go into reverse. Along with the mantle and semi-solid mantle, the Earth is made up of the inner, outer, and crustal layers.
Has the inner core of the Earth ceased to rotate?The inner core may be suffering a turning-back, according to their study. "We demonstrate surprise observations that imply the inner core has practically ceased its rotation in the previous decade," they stated.
Why did the Earth's rotation suddenly stop?The majority of our globe would become extremely hostile if it abruptly stopped rotating. The Earth rotates at almost 1700 km/h, and if our globe suddenly stopped, anything that isn't firmly connected to the bedrock would be moved. This is a result of motion's inertia, as previously mentioned.
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continents a. plow their way through the sea floor. b. passively ride along as the sea floor spreads. c. may subduct if they are old and dense enough. d. have retained the same size and shape throughout earth's history.
Continents passively ride along as the sea floor spreads. The correct answer is option B.
Seafloor spreading is a geological process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges. In this process, tectonic plates got split apart from each other.
The cause of seafloor spreading is volcanic activity. Magma swells in fissures while the old crust is pulled. Cold seawater then cools the magma and forms a new crust. When this process occurs, continents typically ride passively as the ocean floor spreads. However, when continents are bordered by deep-sea trench systems, the ocean floor is plunged downward and underthrusting the continents.
Attached below is an image that illustrates the spreading process at a mid-ocean ridge.
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look at the different volcanoes with the camera angle pulled back. which volcano has the basalt flow that has the biggest elevation range (from top to bottom)? you can follow dark black lava flows from top to bottom in the game
The volcano with the largest elevation range from top to bottom is the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii. This volcano has a large basalt flow that runs from the summit of the volcano down to the sea, creating a steep elevation range of over 5,000 feet.
The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii is known for its large basalt flow, which extends from the summit of the volcano, down to the sea. This flow gives the volcano an elevation range of over 5,000 feet, making it the volcano with the largest elevation range, from top to bottom. The dark black lava flows that can be seen in the game are evidence of this large range. These flows have created dramatic landscapes, including cliffs and waterfalls, as the lava has slowly cooled and solidified. Additionally, Kilauea is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and its eruptions have regularly reshaped the landscape surrounding it.
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describe in detail the four spheres that make up the planet; the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere
The four spheres that make up the planet are biosphere, atmosphere, Hydrosphere and lithosphere.
Biosphere: The biosphere consists of the part of the Earth that has life, i.e. all ecosystems. The biosphere extends from the deepest root systems of trees, through the dark environments of ocean trenches, to lush rainforests, towering mountain peaks, and transition zones like this where marine and terrestrial ecosystems meet.
Atmosphere: The atmosphere is the layer of gas that surrounds the planet and is held in place by the planet's gravity. A planet retains an atmosphere when gravity is high and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. A star's atmosphere is the outer region of the star and consists of the upper layers of the opaque photosphere. Cold stars can have outer atmospheres containing complex molecules.
Hydrosphere: The hydrosphere is the total amount of water on the planet. The hydrosphere includes water found on the planet's surface, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes, and rivers.
Lithosphere: The lithosphere is the outer solid of the Earth. The lithosphere consists of the fragile upper mantle and crust, the outermost layer of the Earth's structure. It is surrounded by an atmosphere above and an asthenosphere below (another part of the upper mantle).
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How does the moon's motion relative to the stars compare to the sun's motion relative to the stars?
Like the sun, the moon doesn't move across our sky quite as fast as the stars do. However, whereas the sun creeps eastward only one degree per day with respect to the stars, the moon moves eastward, with respect to the stars, by about 13 degrees per day (see illustration below).
At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?
The majority of Earth's active volcanoes are found along or close to the tectonic plate borders. Hawaiian volcanoes, on the other contrary, are generated by volcanism over the Hawaiian and exist in the center of the Pacific Plate.
How did the Hawaiian Islands come into being?The Pacific Plate is continually evolving over through the Hawaiian prime spot in the case of the Hawaiian Islands, migrating to the northwest. The Hawaiian island chain was formed as a result of this phenomenon. The Subduction Zone is just one of the roughly 20 tectonic plates that make up the Earth.
Could the Hawaiian volcanic chain be explained by the movement of tectonic plates?Far from any plate borders is the Hawaiian volcanic chain. Geophysicist John Tuzo-Wilson of Canada hypothesized that these volcanic mysteries may indeed be addressed by tectonic plate action over just a hotspot in 1963.
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Which is one drawback of using desalinization to produce usable water?
Responses
A. It drives down the cost of freshwater.
B. It threatens freshwater sources.
C. It harms agricultural areas.
D. It uses large amounts of energy.
Answer:
it threatens fresh water
Explanation:
i am pretty sure because I just learned this but it may also be letter a but my best guess is letter b
please mark brainliest
Which of the following correctly describes a way in which Earth’s atmosphere interacts with the biosphere? Living organisms breathe gases in the atmosphere. Water moves between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Gases in the atmosphere trap incoming solar radiation. Carbon cycles between sediment on Earth and the atmosphere.
Answer:
The following describes a way in which Earth's atmosphere interacts with the hydrosphere; Water moves between Earth's surface and the atmosphere. The hydrosphere is the total amount of water on the planet including on the surface, in the air and underground. A planets hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor or ice. In the case of the earth the water that moves between the earth's surface and the atmosphere would include rivers, oceans, lakes and rainfall from clouds. These forms of moving water are a part of the earths hydrosphere.
Explanation:
a giant city-sized iceberg split off an ice shelf in what part of the world?
A massive iceberg the size of a city broke off an ice cap in Antarctica.
What exactly is an arctic ice?
Because ice shelves are an ocean component, they have no independent effect on the rate of sea level rise. They already frequently change from a solid to a liquid state. However, ice shelves support all of the land ice cover. Consider them a barrier preventing all land-based ice from flowing into the ocean.
Describe motion?
A body's position or direction changes over time. Movement across a plane or a curve is defined as translation. A rotation is a motion that changes the orientation of a body. The gradual change in an object's position over time is referred to as motion.
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how do asteroids and comets differ from each other?
There are asteroids that are round, elongated, and even have satellites. A comet orbits the Sun similarly to an asteroid, however unlike an asteroid, it is made of ice and dust.
What makes asteroids and comets different from one another?(1) Comets are made of frozen gases held together by stony and metallic material, whereas asteroids are tiny rocky planetoids. (2) Comets are typically found between Venus and Mercury, whereas asteroids are mostly found between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars.
What are comets and asteroids?Comets are celestial objects that travel in an extended orbit around the Sun. Small chunks of rock known as meteoroids orbit the Sun. They typically consist of gases, ice particles, and dust. Some meteoroids travel quickly as they enter the atmosphere of the Earth.
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is this statement true or false? desertification can be caused either by climate change or destructive land use.
Answer: True
Explanation:
scription and analysis of patterns of spatial organization must occur at scales ranging from local to global because our world is increasingly interdependent.
what country located to the southeast of australia is made up of two islands
The South Pacific Ocean is home to thousands of islands that make up the region known as Oceania.
Which country has a lot of islands?From Kingston, Ontario, they extend for roughly 50 miles (80 km). Both the Canadian and American islands are located in the states of New York and Ontario, respectively.
What makes it known as a Thousand Island?But how was the name of this tart topping chosen? The lovely region where it was initially made, the Thousand Islands in New York, inspired the name "Thousand Island Dressing." According to legend, Sophie Lalonde, the wife of a fishing guide in the early 20th century, prepared the sauce for her husband's shore meal.
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when two plates move past each other what is the boundary called ?
A transform plate boundary, also known as a well-known transform plate boundary, arises when two plates slide past one another.
What do geographic boundaries mean?
Different parts of the Earth are divided by boundaries in geography. A natural barrier separating two or more locations is referred to as a physical border. Oceans, rocks, and valleys can all serve as physical barriers. To educate middle school kids more about physical limits, choose from the resources listed below.
What are boundaries in relationships?
A border is a distinct line. It can direct you as to when to stop. It might indicate the boundary between one object and another. Boundaries in any relationship establish where aspects of our personhood, identity, accountability, and control start and stop in regard to the other person.
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Where is the world's largest iceberg?
The largest iceberg reliably assessed using satellite imagery is iceberg B15, which calved from Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf in March 2000 and according to NASA measured approximately 300 km long by 40 km wide (186 x 25 mi), with a surface area of 11,000 km2 (4,250 sq mi).
How did the biggest iceberg in the world end up?19 According to a research published in the journal Science Advances, another world-record breaker, A68a, which held the crown of the largest iceberg for around 3 years, was split in half by strong ocean currents after narrowly escaping colliding into South Georgia Island in late 2020.
Can an iceberg still sink a ship?Ships can avoid colliding with icebergs more often now because to advancements in radar technology, improved training for mariners, and iceberg monitoring equipment, but the consequences can still be deadly when they do. These items are quite uncommon. One of those low frequency, high effect dangers is this one.
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a biogeophysical feedback mechanism in the sahel relates: question 6 multiple choice options reduced cloud cover to increasing surface temperatures and an increase in rainfall reduced vegetation to a decrease in surface temperatures and a reduction in rainfall an increase in vegetation to an increase in surface temperatures and a reduction in rainfall a decrease in vegetation to a lowering of surface albedo and an increase in rainfall
A bio geophysical feedback mechanism in the Sahel relates: reduced vegetation to a decrease in surface temperatures and a reduction in rainfall.
What is rainfall?When water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into droplets, they descend to the ground due to gravity. The majority of the fresh water on Earth is deposited by rain, which is an important part of the water cycle.
It offers water for hydroelectric power plants, irrigation for crops, and favorable environmental conditions for a variety of ecosystems.
The movement of moisture along three-dimensional areas of temperature and moisture differences known as weather fronts is the primary factor in the formation of rain.
Convective clouds like cumulonimbus, which are able to coalesce into slender rainbands when there is adequate moisture and upward motion, can produce precipitation if those conditions are met.
When upslope flow is maximum inside windward sides of the terrain at elevation, which encourages moist air to concentrate, severe precipitation is possible in mountainous places.
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How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
Convergent (Colliding): This occurs when plates move towards each other and collide. When a continental plate meets an oceanic plate, the thinner, denser, and more flexible oceanic plate sinks beneath the thicker, more rigid continental plate. This is called subduction.
The plates in convergent boundaries come together and collide with each other and dense and thick plates sink under the less dense plate.
Convergent boundaries are where two lithospheric plates(plates over the land) move together or collide and the more dense plate sinks under the less dense plate.
A convergent plate boundary is a place where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other by some action, causing one plate to slide beneath the other. This process is also called subduction. The collision of these plates can result in earthquakes, volcanoes, the formation of mountains, and other geological events.
Earth's surface is formed up of two types of lithospheric plates i.e one is continental and the other is oceanic. The crust that makes up continental plates is thicker yet less dense than the oceanic crust because of the lighter rocks and minerals that compose it. Oceanic plates are made up of heavier basalt, the result of magma flows from mid-ocean ridges.
When plates converge, they result in three types of movements and they are oceanic plates collide with each other forming oceanic-oceanic boundaries, oceanic plates collide with continental plates forming oceanic-continental boundaries, or continental plates collide with each other forming continental-continental boundaries.
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How can mass extinction events be distinguished from background extinctions?
Mass extinction is characterized by a rapid decline in the number of species over a short period of time compared to background extinctions, which occur gradually over a longer period.
Why is the fossil record important in understanding extinction events?The fossil record is important in understanding extinction events because it contains evidence of past organisms and their environment. This allows researchers to infer the causes of extinction, such as climate change, pollution, or disease, and to better understand the impact of such events on the diversity of life on Earth. Furthermore, the fossil record can be used to measure the rate of extinction and compare it to the rate of speciation.
What are the two main theories for mass extinction events?The two main theories for mass extinction events are the asteroid impact theory and the volcanism theory. The former suggests that a large asteroid collision caused a global mass extinction, while the latter suggests that multiple large-scale volcanic eruptions caused significant changes in the Earth's climate and environment, resulting in a mass extinction.
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the xia and shang dynasties were located in what river valley?
The Mythical Time, when according to legend the Xia dynasty reigned China, is the earliest period in chronicled traditional Chinese mythology. According to legend, the Shang conquered the Xia to established the Shang dynasty, its first recognized dynasty.
What Chinese dynasty existed first?The Mythical Time, when according to legend the Xia dynasty conquered China, is the longest period in record traditional Chinese history. The Shang are reputed to have overthrown the Xia to established the Shang dynasty.
The Xia dynasty: was it real?The Shang dynasty is the ancient Chinese dynasty whose legitimacy is confirmed by historical finds, but additional proof of the Xia dynasty's foundation may still be discovered.
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which of the following occurred during the cenozoic era of the phanerozoic eon? multiple select question. the separation of australia and antarctica several very large continents formed and disappeared several times due to changes in sea levels. the separation of greenland and north america the formation of a supercontinent the continued growth of the atlantic ocean
The separation of Australia and Antarctica,The separation of Greenland and North America,The continued growth of the Atlantic Ocean are during the cenozoic era of the phanerozoic eon .
The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras make up the three primary time periods that make up the Phanerozoic, the aeon of observable life, which are separated mostly by distinctive assemblages of life-forms. The kind of fossil that were discovered influenced the names of these. The word Cenozoic, which means "new life," refers to the most recent age. This is so because the fossils resemble modern-day animals and flora.
The Cenozoic Era covers the period from the extinction of the dinosaurs and to the present day. Mammals stepped in to fill the void left behind by the dinosaur extinction because mass extinctions provide conditions for new life to flourish. They developed into several species that we now identify, including humans! Cenozoic Era, the third of Earth's main eras, began around 66 million years ago.
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How do chlorofluorocarbons affect earth's ozone layer?
Answer:
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemicals that release chlorine and bromine into the atmosphere, which break down the ozone molecules in the ozone layer and cause depletion of the ozone layer.
Chlorofluorocarbons result in the depletion of the ozone layer of the earth.
The Earth's ozone layer shields all life from the sun's damaging radiation, but human actions have harmed it. Less ozone-layer protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation will eventually harm crops and lead to greater instances of skin cancer and cataracts.
The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs some of the sun's radiation, preventing it from reaching the planet's surface. Most notably, it absorbs UVB light. UVB has been associated to a variety of negative outcomes, including skin cancer, cataracts, and crop and marine life damage.
When gaseous CFCs slowly climb into the stratosphere, they are broken down by intense UV light, releasing chlorine atoms, which subsequently combine with ozone molecules.
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which major city is located on the prime meridian or at o° longitude?
Answer:
Greenwich England
Explanation:
volcanoes form in several different ways. which choice is most similar in its formation to this mid-ocean ridge?
Volcanoes form in several different ways. The formation most similar to a ridge in the middle of the ocean is a volcano with a rocky center.
Volcano type volcano is a type of volcano with eruptions that have a large enough damaging impact in the form of large gases, due to a blockage in the volcanic channel within the magma dome which triggers the ejection of volcanic material from the mountain and is accompanied by a loud bang.
Following are some of the benefits of volcanic eruptions, consisting of:
Mineral sources, mineralized areas and groundwater potential are positive aspects that can be utilized from volcanic activity.Rain catchment areaFertile agricultural areas, soil fertility in the area is obtained from volcanic products that have experienced weathering. Various plantations were opened on the fertile volcanic slopes with a mild climate. Among other things, tea, quinine, cabbage, carrots, and various horticultures are cultivated on the slopes of the volcano.Area attractions, panoramic beauty of volcanoes with active craters with steep valleys, fumaroles and crater lakes are attractive to domestic and foreign touristsSource of energy, geothermal power generated from volcanic activity can be converted into electricity generation.You can learn more about Volcano here brainly.com/question/13286826
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How is the probability of and preparation for geohazards such as landslides, avalanches, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions in a particular area based on available data?
The probability of geohazards such as landslides, avalanches, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions are based on factors such as :
Historic data Geological surveys Remote sensing How are geohazards predicted ?Records of past events can provide information on the frequency, magnitude, and location of geohazards in an area. Studies of the geology, soil type, and topography of an area can help predict the likelihood of certain geohazards.
Satellites and other remote sensing tools can provide information on land use changes, soil moisture, and other factors that may increase the risk of geohazards.
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what is the fourth most populous country, after china, india, and the united states?
Answer:
I believe it is Indonesia.
Explanation:
Averaging about 10 inches of rain a year, which is the driest state in the us?
Answer: Nevada
Explanation:
A geologic map shows different bodies of rock and sediment on the Earth's surface. These bodies are called units. Different colors and patterns are used to show different units in the map.
The image below is part of a geologic map. The region shown is near the borders of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas. The long, narrow area shown in white represents the channel of the Mississippi River. The following three units are shown in this map:
Point Bar (orange)
Backswamp (green)
Abandoned Channel (blue)
Portion of geologic map showing Mississippi River and surrounding region near borders of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas. North is toward top of map. Main channel is approximately 2,500 feet wide near center of image.
(Image modified from Mayersville Quad map at http://lmvmapping.erdc.usace.army.mil/Yazoo.htm.)
The units in the map above are made of sediment. The sediment in all of the units was deposited by the same general force, and the names and shapes of the units relate to this force.
Based on this information, and on the Mississippi River covering such a large area of the map, which of the following is the best conclusion?
A.
The geologic units were formed by landslides acting as a destructive force.
B.
The geologic units were formed by ocean waves acting as a destructive force.
C.
The geologic units were formed by wind acting as a constructive force.
D.
The geologic units were formed by running water acting as a constructive force.
The best conclusion based on the passage here is that : The geologic units were formed by running water acting as a constructive force.
What is the passage about?Based on the information given, the geologic units shown in the map were formed by running water acting as a constructive force. The sediment in all of the units was deposited by the same general force and the Mississippi River covers a large area of the map, which suggests that the river played a role in depositing the sediment that forms the geologic units.
The names of the units also suggest that they were formed by running water, with terms such as "point bar" and "backswamp" indicating different areas of a river channel and its floodplain. Therefore, the best conclusion is that the geologic units were formed by running water acting as a constructive force.
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which of the following is a positive feedback on climate question 3 multiple choice options increasing warming increases moisture in atmosphere which increases cloudiness increasing warming increases drought which causes surface to have higher albedo increasing warming melts polar sea ice which causes surface to have lower albedo increasing warming leads to greater biological growth which increases photosynthesis
Increasing Temperature melts the polar sea ice, which lowers the albedo of the surface.
Because the darker ocean absorbs more heat, more ice melts and the globe warms overall as the atmosphere and sea ice warm. Ice- has received an extraordinarily positive response. The fundamental positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of heat to increase the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere, which in turn causes greater warmth. A warming trend or something that accelerates is a feedback loop in climate change. Positive feedback speeds up a temperature rise whereas negative feedback slows it down. The surface feedback serves as an example of a positive feedback.
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which of the following best characterizes the physical environment of tijuana, mexico? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following best characterizes the physical environment of tijuana, mexico? cool and humid dominated by a major river hot, dry desert rugged with high mountains a series of elongated islands connected by bridges
The physical environment of Tijuana, Mexico is best characterized as hot, dry desert.
This is because Tijuana is located in the Sonoran Desert, a large, arid region that stretches across the states of Sonora, Baja California, and the southwestern United States. The Sonoran Desert is characterized by its hot, dry climate, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F) during the summer months.
The average annual precipitation in Tijuana is only 11.5 inches (291 mm), with the majority of this falling during the winter and spring months. Summer is usually very dry, with no more than 2 inches (51 mm) of rain falling during the entire season. Summers are also very hot, with temperatures reaching over 100°F (38°C) during the day.
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