Option(a)a divergent big toe is the correct answer.
The laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having a divergent big toe.
What makes Australopithecus afarensis unique?One of the most well-known and longest-living early human species is Australopithecus afarensis; more than 300 of its remains have been found by paleoanthropologists.What caused the extinction of Australopithecus afarensis?During glacial maximum, droughts may have become more severe, which may have contributed to the strong australopithecines' extinction. Although Australopithecus africanus may have survived until the time of the formation of Homo, which occurred at around 2.4 Ma, there is evidence that it did so up to about 2.3 Ma (Delson, 1988).Do Australopithecus still exist?An extinct species of australopithecine known as Australopithecus afarensis flourished in the Pliocene of East Africa between 3.9 and 2.9 million years ago (mya). The first fossils were found in the 1930s, but significant fossil discoveries weren't made until the 1970s.
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what is RNA stand for
Dna molecule consists of two strands of ______ held together in a ______ structure.
DNA molecule consists of two strands of nucleotides held together in a double helix structure. The double helix depicts the look of double-stranded DNA, which is made up of two linear strands that run anti-parallel to each other and twist together.
Each strand of DNA within the double helix is a long, linear molecule made up of smaller units called nucleotides that link together to form a chain. The double-helix structure enables DNA replication and protein synthesis. The double helix unwinds during DNA replication, and each split strand is used to generate a new strand. Watson and Crick expanded on their views on genetic replication.
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A test that combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient's blood?
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a test that combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient's blood.
In 1959, biophysicist Rosalyn Yalow and physician Solomon A. Berson developed a sensitive method for measuring very small amounts of a substance in the blood called radioimmunoassay (RIA).
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a technique that make use of radioisotopes, usually iodine-125, as a tag or label for the detection of antigen. This technique determines the concentration of an antigen based on the competitive binding between radiolabeled and unlabeled antigen for its specific high affinity antibody.
It is very sensitive that it can measure concentrations up to 0.001 μg/ml.
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Egg is composed of the shell, egg white and egg yolk
yr own word please
Agree or disagree explain why
Prior to the work of _________blank, scientists did not distinguish between members of the archaea and the bacteria.
Answer:
Prior to the work of Carl Woese blank, scientists did not distinguish between members of the archaea and the bacteria.
Explanation:
Prokaryotes, which comprise two very different species i-e bacteria and archaea, may be found practically everywhere, including within human bodies as well as on every surface of the dwellings. Some inhabit habitats that are too harsh for other types of life, such as the warm pores on the seafloor. Prokaryotes are everywhere, yet they may be challenging to find, quantify, and categorize. Only a small portion of the prokaryotic on the planet that are predicted to exist are represented by those that we now learn about. In reality, in the environment of prokaryotes, the concept of a "species" itself becomes complex. Prokaryotes, meanwhile, are separated into two different branches, or lines of derivation, known as Archaea and Bacteria, according to research done in the mid-1970s by biologist Carl Woese.
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What specifically separates during meiosis i?
a) homologous chromosomes
b) sister chromatids
c) the cytoplasm
d) the genome
The correct option is (a) homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes specifically separates during meiosis I.
What are the stages in Meiosis?
There are two divisions in meiosis, and they both proceed through the same stages as mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). Interphase, during which DNA is duplicated to create chromosomes made up of two sister chromatids, comes before meiosis. Between meiosis I and II, a second growth phase known as interkinesis may take place; however, no DNA replication happens during this phase.
1. Meiosis
A reduction division (diploid haploid) occurs during the first meiotic division, separating homologous chromosomes.
P-I: Homologous chromosomes form bivalents, chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane melts, and crossing over takes place.M-I: Bivalents (at centromeres) are aligned along the centre of the cell by spindle fibers from opposing centrosomes.A-I: Bivalent, homologous chromosomes travel to the opposing poles of the cell as spindle fibers compress and separate them.T-I: Cell divides (cytokinesis) to produce two haploid daughter cells, nuclear membrane may reconstruct, and chromosomes decondense.2. Meiosis
Sister chromatids are separated by the second division (these chromatids may not be identical due to crossing over in prophase I)
P-II: Centrosomes shift to opposing poles, nuclear membrane dissolves, and chromosomes condense (perpendicular to before)M-II: Chromosomes are aligned along the cell equator by spindle fibers from opposing centrosomes that bind to them at the centromere.A-II: Sister chromatids are split apart by contracting spindle fibers, and chromatids (now known as chromosomes) migrate to opposing poles.T-II: Cells divide (cytokinesis) to produce four haploid daughter cells, the nuclear membrane reforms, and the chromosomes decondense.Learn more about the Meiosis with the help of the given link:
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During osmosis, water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from the region of higher.
In osmosis, water moves from their region of higher concentration to lower concentration, through selectively- permeable membrane.
This process takes place until the concentration is equal or it reached equilibrium. The movement of nutrients and the discharge of metabolic waste products are both influenced by osmosis. It Is in charge of absorbing water from the soil and transferring it through the xylem to the plant’s upper portions.
There are three types of osmotic solution, they are:-
Isotonic solutionHypertonic solutionHypotonic solutionWhen a semipermeable membrane separates a solution from pure water, the pressure that must be supplied to the solution side to cease fluid movement is known as osmotic pressure.
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WILL GIVE BAINLESTTTT
The algae beads provide a convenient experimental system because they are uniform in size and contain roughly the same number of algal cells per bead. Why are these advantages for the experiments you will perform?
Answer:
We will be measuring rates of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and these rates will depend on the number of organelles, or cells, that we use. The algae beads are easy to see, manipulate, and count. A consistent number of beads queal a consistent number of alga cells.
Explanation:
By studying people with brain damage in certain regions of the brain, we gain a better understanding that?
By studying people with brain damage in certain regions of the brain, we gain a better understanding that the cognitive processes rely on the brain.
Brain is the one of the most essential organ of the body that controls the emotions, memory, touch, thought process, motor skills, breathing, body temperature, hunger and all other processes that regulates our body.
Brain along with spinal cord and its extension consists of the Central nervous systems.
Any injury or harm that can cause damage to brain cell is called brain damage. It could lead to stroke, shock, blood clots formation or other problems in the brain.
Cognitive process is the ability to make judgement and perception. It can be lost due to brain damage.
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If you lift a heavy weight and hold it in your arms, close to your body, how would the bone matrix in the femur be affected?.
Answer:
The lateral sides of the diaphysis would stretch.
Explanation:
Describe the femur.
A femur is just the bone in the thigh. That is the longest and sturdiest bone in the human body. The capacity to stand + walk depends on it. Numerous crucial muscles, ligaments, tendons, other components of the circulatory system are supported by the femur as well.
How bad is a fractured femur?
A fractured femur is a dangerous injury that has to be treated immediately by a doctor. Treatment for broken femurs includes surgery plus physical therapy. The broken femur may need several months to recover. A vehicle accident, a tumble, or even being shot all have the potential to fracture the femur. The majority of femoral fractures recover fully in around four to six months, however one should be capable of returning to most movements before then.
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Why is it beneficial for cells to use atp rather than energy directly from the bonds of carbohydrates? what are the greatest drawbacks to harnessing energy directly from the bonds of several different compounds?.
It is beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than energy directly from the bonds of carbohydrates because ATP effectively supplies energy, it is advantageous for cells to use it as opposed to directly using the energy contained in the bonds of carbohydrates.
Adenosine triphosphate, sometimes known as ATP, is the cellular currency of energy. Cells may quickly access them when needed and they are conveniently stored. The key benefit is that it consistently and effectively supplies energy to the body's cells.
ATP gives the cell a method for effectively managing energy. It is possible to charge, store, and use the molecule as required. Additionally, ATP hydrolysis produces a steady flow of energy.
Different amounts of energy would be delivered if energy were captured from the bonds of several different molecules also the energy driving process from the bonds of the carbohydrates will require much time and because all metabolic processes are fast the requirement of energy is needed rapidly and hence direct consumption of ATP is beneficial to cell.
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Unlike other conifers, pine trees produce ____. multiple choice question.
A. seeds within fruits
B. multicellular pollen grains
C. leaves in clusters
D. secondary vascular tissue
Unlike other conifers, pine trees produce leaves in clusters.
What are conifers?Conifers refers to those plants the bear their seeds in cones. They have seed bearing cones and one of the unique things about the pine tree is that it is an evergreen tree and maintains its green color throughout the year.
The conifers often have their leaves reduced to spines. The conifers produce softwood and are an important source of resins and turpentine. They are a common source of shrubs especially in tropical areas.
However, there is something that is unique to the pine tree among all the other conifers. Unlike other conifers, pine trees produce leaves in clusters.
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A living microbe with reduced virulence that is used for vaccination is considered _____.
A living microbe with reduced virulence that is used for vaccination is considered as attentuated vaccine.
Vaccination is the process of immunization in which the immune response is stimulated by introducing either the weakened microbe or a its part into our body.
A vaccine can be developed from the various methods. Firstly a weakened or inactivated bacteria is introduced into the body of the individual which generated the immune response but will not cause disease. It is also called attentuated vaccine.
Secondly a part of the microbe may be a protein or cell wall is introduced in the form of antigen to initiate immune response.
Thirdly the genetic material of the microbe including the DNA or RNA.
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When too little carbohydrate is consumed in a person’s diet, ______ are used to make glucose.
When too little carbohydrate is consumed in a person’s diet amino acids are used to make glucose.
When a person is on diet and the intake of carbohydrates is too low, the body starts to make glucose using amino acids. The body breaks the protein into amino acids and then the liver converts the amino acids into glucose through a chemical reaction known as gluconeogenesis.
The body also starts to burn fat to produce energy. This burning of fats leads to the formation of ketones in the body.
When a body is low on sugar, a person starts to experience Hunger
Shakiness, Dizziness, Confusion, Difficulty speaking, Feeling anxious.
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The parasympathetic nervous system is to the sympathetic nervous system as ________ is to ________.
The parasympathetic nervous system is to the sympathetic nervous system as opposite because parasympathetic nervous system balances the state whereas sympathetic system respond as fight.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system referred to as?
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work opposite to each other. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for performing the functions to conserves the body's natural state and relaxes the individual once the duration of emergency has passed. This system decreased the state of arousal while on the other hand, the sympathetic nervous system carries signals that make body systems alert and the parasympathetic carries signals that relaxes system in your body. These two systems work together in order to keep your body in balance state.
So we can conclude that the parasympathetic nervous system is to the sympathetic nervous system as opposite because parasympathetic nervous system balances the state whereas sympathetic system respond as fight.
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Hypodermoclysis is used to treat:_________
a. increased acetone level
b. circulatory failure
c. serum alkalosis
d. mild to moderate dehydration
The correct option is (d) mild to moderate dehydration.
Hypodermoclysis is used to treat mild to moderate dehydration.
What is Hypodermoclysis?A simple procedure for injecting fluid into subcutaneous tissue is called hypodermoclysis. Subcutaneous fluid administration is technically simpler than intravenous fluid administration. It prevents the requirement for venous access in individuals who frequently have very weak veins at the end of life. Normal saline is the preferable solution, although it is also possible to utilize other solutions such 50% normal saline, glucose and saline, or 5% glucose. If necessary, potassium chloride can be added to the solution bag. Additionally, hyaluronidase can be administered to improve fluid absorption.
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During the isothermal heat rejection process of an ideal carnot cycle, the entropy of the working fluid:______.
The working fluid's entropy drops during the isothermal heat rejection phase of an ideal Carnot cycle.
What is entropy ?
The quantity of energy that cannot be used to perform work is measured by an object's entropy. The number of alternative arrangements that the atoms in a system can have is also measured by entropy. Entropy is a measure of uncertainty or unpredictability in this sense.
What is carnot cycle?
The term "Carnot cycle" refers to an ideal, reversible closed thermodynamic cycle in which the working substance undergoes the four operations of isothermal expansion to a desired point, adiabatic expansion to a desired point, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression back to its initial state.
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What is the theoretical diffraction limit of resolution of a light microscope used to look at a sample through oil?
The theoretical resolution limit of a light microscope being used examine a sample while it is in oil is 261 nm.
A light microscope's resolution is limited to between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers, or half the wavelength of visible light. The objects are at most 0.2 m away when we can see green light (0.5 m).
Using a green light of 514 nm, an oil immersion objective with such a NA of 1.45, and a condenser with a NA of 0.95, the (theoretical) limit of resolution is 261 nm. As was already said, more detail can be resolved when imaging a specimen with a shorter wavelength of light in a microscope.
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A client with myocardial infarction is developing cardiogenic shock. what condition should the nurse carefully assess the client for?
A client with myocardial infarction is developing cardiogenic shock. Rationale condition should the nurse carefully assess for the client.
Briefing :As the consequences of the severe left ventricular failure became more apparent, the central venous pressure would increase. Decreased oxygenation and serious injury to more than 40% of the myocardium frequently lead to dysrhythmias.
Myocardial infarction :A restriction in the blood supply to the cardiac muscle.
A heart attack is an urgent medical situation. A blood clot usually causes a heart attack by obstructing the heart's blood supply. Without blood, tissue dehydrates and deteriorates.
A tightness or soreness in the chest, neck, back, or arms, along with weariness, dizziness, an irregular heartbeat, and anxiety, are some symptoms. A typical symptoms are more common in women than in males.
Treatment options include everything from medication, stents, and bypass surgery to dietary adjustments and cardiac rehabilitation.
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Seth made a table comparing the functions of different physical structures. He needs one more word to complete it. Which of the following correctly fills in the blank where the X is? Structure Function Bark Both help reduce X loss in plants Waxy Covering Energy Heat Nutrient Water
Seth made a table comparing the functions of different physical structures
Organs in flora
Your frame consists of organ systems, including the digestive gadget, fabricated from man or woman organs, including the belly, liver, and pancreas, which work collectively to carry out a positive characteristic (in this situation, breaking down and absorbing meals).
those organs, in flip, are made of various kinds of tissues, which are companies of cells which paintings collectively to perform a particular activity.
for instance, your belly is manufactured from muscle mass to facilitate movement and glandular tissue to secrete enzymes for chemical breakdown of meals molecules. those tissues, in turn, are made of cells specialized in shape, length, and factor organelles, such as mitochondria for energy and microtubules for motion.
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Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made. group of answer choices
a. synthetase enzymes
b. transfer rna
c. ribosomal rna
d. messenger rna
e. atp
The exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made messenger RNA option (d) is correct.
What is an amino acid?Proteins are made of substances named amino acids. Antibodies and amino acid sequences are the elements of living.
The messenger RNA functions as a copy of chromosomal DNA and dictates the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids.
Thus, the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made messenger RNA option (d) is correct.
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Can the nucleus be seen in the whole mount of the fern cells in the microscope slide?
No, the nucleus cannot be seen in the whole mount of the fern cells in the microscope slide.
What is nucleus?The nucleus is an organelle in cell biology that is membrane-bound and is present in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes typically have a single nucleus, but some cell types, like mammalian red blood cells, don't have any, and some others, like osteoclasts, have numerous nuclei. The nuclear envelope, a double membrane enclosing the entire organelle and separating its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nuclear matrix, a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton supports the cell as a whole, are the two main components of the nucleus.
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What layers of plasma make up the cell membrane?
Answer:
the plasma membrane is made up primarily of a bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, carbohydrates, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, and, in animal cells, cholesterol.
Explanation:
Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins. rev: 02_22_2014_qc_45534
Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called Integral Protein.
Integral Protein- Any protein containing a unique functional area for the purpose of ensuring its location within the cellular membrane is referred to as an integral protein, which is also referred to as an integral membrane protein. Or, to put it another way, an integral protein seizes the cellular membrane.
Cellular membrane- All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which divides the inside of the cell from the external environment. A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.
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What process allows for the production of molecule b from a template consisting of molecule a?
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template.
What is transcription?Transcription involves the copying of a DNA fragment into RNA.. Messenger RNA is the term for DNA segments that are translated into RNA molecules that can encode proteins. Non-coding RNAs are RNA molecules that contain copies of other DNA sequences. Even with the most sensitive approaches, mRNA, which makes up only 1%–3% of total RNA samples, cannot be easily detected. Less than 2% of the human genome can be transcribed into mRNA, but at least 80% of mammalian genomic DNA can be actively transcribed (in one or more types of cells), with the majority of this 80% being ncRNA. Despite this, the general preponderance of mRNA in cells is valid.Learn more about the Transcription with the help of the given link:
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Choose the reason(s) why plants need fertilizer. (there may be more than one answer.)
One of the major reason that plants needs fertilizers is : Fertilizers are food for plants. Fertilizers replace the nutrients that crops remove from the soil. Without the addition of fertilizers, nature struggles to replenish the nutrients in the soil and agricultural productivity would be significantly reduced.
Fertilizers can be defined as a natural or synthetic substance that contains chemical components that enhance plant growth and productivity. Fertilizers either restore chemical elements that previous crops removed from the soil or increase the soil's natural fertility.
In total, plants require a minimum of 16 different elements, the most crucial of which are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus. Other nutrients are absorbed from the soil, while plants obtain, carbon from the atmosphere, hydrogen, and oxygen from water.
Overall chemical analyses show that the total amount of nutrients in soils is typically higher than what crop plants need. The absence of a particular nutrient becomes a limiting factor in plant growth when the supply of that nutrient is exhausted.
Because of this, we add nutrients to the soil in the form of fertilizers, which feed the plants and make sure that there is never a shortage of any element required for a healthy crop production.
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Climate mitigation involves both reducing emissions sources and increasing emissions sinks. True or false?.
True: Climate mitigation involves both reducing emissions sources and increasing emissions sinks.
Climate change is one of the worst issues we are facing globally. Climate mitigation is one of the most effective measures to control this change. It involves reducing emission sources and increasing emission sinks so as to improve the situation. Climate change refers to the long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. Although it may occur naturally, but is most probably caused by humans today. The emission of greenhouse gases is the primary source contributing to climate change, especially global warming. One of the most common greenhouse gas is Carbon dioxide which is released due to the emission of fuels, vehicles, reduced trees, etc.
We can control climate change by having two approaches: climate mitigation and adaptation. Reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is referred to as climate mitigation. Adaptation refers to adapting to the climate change already persistent.
Climate mitigation involves reducing the release of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, either by reducing the use of their sources like burning fossil fuels or by increasing the emission sinks that store these gases, such as rivers, forests, etc.
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The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on ______ of psychological disorders rather than on ______ only.
The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on prevention of psychological disorders rather than on treatment only.
What is gene therapy?Utilizing a gene or genes to treat, prevent, or cure a disease or medical condition is known as gene therapy. Gene therapy frequently involves replacing a damaged gene in a patient's cells with a healthy copy of that gene or inserting new copies of a damaged gene. Ex vivo, in vivo, and in situ gene therapy are the three main subtypes. Ex vivo gene therapy involves removing the patient's affected cells and modifying them genetically, either by introducing the therapeutic gene or through other means, to rectify the disease's phenotype. Gene therapy aims to address genetically based disorders (the source).Learn more about the Gene therapy with the help of the given link:
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You have isolated a microorganism from seawater that contains thylakoid membranes, gas vacuoles, and carboxysomes. it is most likely:_________
You have isolated a microorganism from seawater that contains thylakoid membranes, gas vacuoles, and carboxysomes. it is most likely Cyanobacterium.
What is Cyanobacterium?A phylum of Gram-negative bacteria called Cyanobacteria, also referred to as Cyanophyta, produces energy through photosynthesis. Blue-green algae, which is also a common name for cyanobacteria, is derived from the name cyanobacteria, which refers to their color. They seem to have come from a watery or terrestrial setting. The photosynthetic pigments used by cyanobacteria to absorb light energy include carotenoids, phycobilins, and several types of chlorophyll. Cyanobacteria are heterotrophic prokaryotes without internal membranes. These are thylakoids, flattened sacs where photosynthesis takes place.Learn more about the cyanobacteria with the help of the given link:
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Event-driven propagation:_______.
a. provides a means to duplicate data for events.
b. pushes data to duplicate sites as an event occurs.
c. pulls duplicate data from redundant sites.
d. triggers a virus.
Event-driven propagation pushes data to duplicate sites as an event occurs.
An event-driven architecture prevalent in modern applications developed with microservices uses events to trigger and interact between decoupled services. An event is a state change or an update, such as an item being added to a checkout process on an e-commerce webpage. Event-driven propagation pushes data to duplicate sites as an event occurs.
A data and application event-driven propagation is a contemporary design approach centered on data that describes "events," something that just happened. The taking of a measurement, pressing a button, or swiping a credit card are all examples of events.
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