Muscularis mucosa
The Muscularis mucosa is the thin layer of the mucosa responsible for pulling the mucosa into its many folds which increases the surface area of the alimentary canal.
The mucosa's outermost layer is called the muscularis mucosa. Elastic fibers and 3–10 smooth muscle cells make up its structure, which is often divided into an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. From the muscularis mucosa, smooth muscle cells may expand into the lamina propria and the villi.Where can you find the muscularis mucosa?The oesophagus and the large intestine, particularly in the terminal region of the rectum, have exceptionally well-developed muscularis mucosae. Additionally, the villi or spaces between the tubular glands of the stomach and large intestine contain isolated muscle cells descended from the muscularis mucosae.To learn more about muscularis mucosa visit:
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How did charles darwin's ideas with regard to natural selection differ from those of french biologist jean baptiste lamarck?
According to Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, only those individual are able to survive that adapt better to the changing environment and are able to reproduce. Whereas according to Lamarck, the characters that an individual gains during its lifetime are passed on to its further generations.
Natural selection is the phenomenon that states that only those individuals area able to survive in the environment that adapt better to the changing surroundings and are successfully able to reproduce. The theory was out forward by Charles Darwin.
Characters are the traits that may be phenotypically visible or present at the genetic level. These characters define an individual.
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Of all six technologies that wood identifies, which do you find the most interesting, useful, or pertinent to your own life? discuss.
orbital launch vehicles are the most interesting, useful, or pertinent to your own life.
What is a launch vehicle?A launch vehicle or carrier rocket may be a rocket-propelled vehicle used to carry a payload from Earth's surface to space, usually to Earth's orbit or beyond. A launch system includes the launch vehicle, launch pad, vehicle assembly, fueling systems, range safety, and other related infrastructure. Orbital launch vehicles are often grouped based on many different factors, most notably payload mass, although price points are a serious concern for some users.
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The nurse is teaching a community health class about the immune system. the nurse asks the class to list various functions of b-cells in immunity. which responses by students are correct?
There are various functions of B-cells in immunity:
B cells create a type of protein (antibodies) that is beneficial to the immune system.Antibodies bind to pathogens or to foreign substances, such as toxins, bacteria, and viruses to neutralize and fight them.Prevents pathogens from entering a normal cell and causing infection.B cells can also recruit other cells to help destroy an infected cell.The immune system is a complex network of organs, cells and proteins that defends the body against infection, and protecting the body's own cells. The immune system records every germ (bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and toxins) that is ever defeated, in order to recognize and destroy them if they come back.The are two cells that are involved in these works, those are The T and B lymphocytes (T and B Cells).Learn more about the Immune System here https://brainly.com/question/6612564
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Which disorders have a known chromosomal inheritance pattern? select all that apply.
A. down syndrome
B. turner syndrome
C. marfan syndrome
D. fragile x syndrome
E. edwards syndrome
The disorders which have a known chromosomal inheritance pattern include the following:
Down syndromeTurner syndrome.Fragile x syndrome.What is Chromosomal disorder?This is referred to any type of syndrome which is characterized by malfunctions in the body system as a result of the abnormal number of chromosomes present.
Down syndrome is characterized by three copies of chromosome 21 being produced.Turner syndrome affects only females and is characterized by the X chromosome being absent fully or partially. On the other hand, fragile x syndrome occurs as a result of a mutations in a gene on the X chromosome.
This is therefore the reason why options A, B and D were chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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In medicine, a complete living entity capable of independent existence is called a/an: _______
a. animal
b. organism
c. human being
d. creature
e. man
In medicine, a complete living entity capable of independent existence is called an b.organism.
In the field of medicine, an organism can be described as a living, independent entity. An organism is made up of one or more than one cells. Hence, the correct option is b. organism.
An organism can show the seven basic life principles. They can show movement. They can reproduce. They can show sensitivity to various stimuli. They can respire. They can carry out the process of excretion. They use nutrition as a source of energy and they can grow.
An organism has an organized structure that helps in the maintenance of the organism.
Other options, such as option c, is not correct as although the human being is a complete living entity but all other organisms also fall under this criteria. Human beings are organisms.
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Identify the letter that indicates a flexible tube that has c-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing.
'E' letter for Trachea indicates a flexible tube that has c-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing.
There are many cartilage rings in a typical trachea (windpipe) (a strong and flexible tissue). These C-shaped rings give your child's trachea support while enabling it to bend and move naturally during breathing.These rings are O-shaped rather than C-shaped due to a congenital anomaly known as full tracheal rings. Your youngster may get aberrant windpipe thinning and airway stenosis as a result. The trachea has between 16 and 20 rings. This cartilage defect may have an influence on any number of those rings. While some kids with full tracheal rings may at first only show minor breathing issues, other kids might be in serious respiratory distress.Learn more about the Trachea with the help of the given link:
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What changes occur in extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments during dehydration?
Answer:
cellular shrinkage and metabolic dysfunction.
Explanation:
In dehydration, fluid from the extracellular compartment is depleted first, followed by fluid from the intracellular space. Fluid loss from the intracellular space results in cellular shrinkage and metabolic dysfunction. Dehydration occurs because of decreased water intake, increased fluid loss, or both.
According to the complete replacement model, the transition from premodern to modern homo sapiens?
According to the Complete Replacement Model, the transition was from the premodern to the modern Homo sapiens: only they occurred once, in the Africa. By the 165,000 ya individuals were they using fire at the Pinnacle Point, as the evidenced by the microliths that has show the evidence that the stone had been be carefully heated.
Homo sapiens, (Latin: “wise man”) the species is to which all modern human beings belong. the Homo sapiens is one of the several species of grouped into the genus the Homo, but it is the only one that is not extinct. and See also human evolution.
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At fuyan cave in southern china, paleoanthropologists found 47 adult teeth associated with cave formations dated to between 120,000 and 80,000 years ago. fuyan cave is most likely the?
Fuyan cave is most likely the oldest-known modern human site in China.
Fuyan caves are limestone caves present in Hunan Province of Southern China. These caves came to fame due to the discovery of modern humans. The discovered teeth were thought oldest modern humans, which were discovered at site other than Africa. Additional proof of the facts associated with discovery was presence of cavities in those teeth.
To find the age of those teeth, the stagalamites present above the regions of discovery of teeth were dated. The results indicated them to be 80,000 years old, confirming the age of teeth to be same. Though humans discovered this cave in 1984, but, the excavation was performed in the year 2011. It was also excavated in year 2013.
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What would be the benefit of a controlled lab experiment versus an observational field study? what are the benefits of using a model?
The fundamental benefit of conducting experiments as opposed to observational research is that a well-conducted study may provide solid proof that the intervention actually produced the desired outcome. Two or more groups may be compared in an experiment.
What distinguishes an observational research from a controlled experiment?In an observational research, participants are measured or surveyed without any attempt to influence them. In a controlled experiment, participants or objects are divided into groups, and one group is given a treatment while the other is not.
Strength: Due to the natural environment of a field experiment, behaviour is more likely to represent actual life, giving it better ecological validity than a lab experiment.
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Smooth muscle fibers can sustain a contraction without fatigue by allowing dephosphorylated myosin to remain attached to actin in what is called the ________.
Smooth muscle fibers can sustain a contraction without fatigue by allowing dephosphorylated myosin to remain attached to actin in what is called the latch state.
What is muscle contraction?Muscle contraction is defined as an action potential travels along the nerves to the muscle. The beginning of muscle contraction occurs with signal generated from the nervous system. There are mainly two types of muscle contraction and the situation occur when a muscle contracts and a change in size takes place.
Isotonic concentric contraction is the type of muscle contraction in which muscle shortening takes place. Isotonic eccentric contraction is the type of muscle contraction in which the muscle lengthening whilst it is under tension.
Therefore, Smooth muscle fibers can sustain a contraction without fatigue by allowing dephosphorylated myosin to remain attached to actin in what is called the latch state.
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Describe how distances in space are measured using the speed of light. Use Barnard's star as an example.
Distances in space are measured using the speed of light because light can travel through space and have very high speed.
How is distance measured with light?A light-year is a measurement that is used by astronomers to measure distance in space. A beam of light travels in one year about a distance of six trillion miles which is a very long distance. In a vacuum, light travels at the speed of 670,616,629 miles per hour. The speed of light is very fast so that's why the scientists used the speed of light for measuring long distance in space.
So we can conclude that distances in space are measured using the speed of light because light can travel through space and have very high speed.
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Label the following statements as either true or false.
Some enzymes remove single amino acids from proteins by beginning at the amine or N-terminus.
a. True
b. false
It's true some enzymes remove single amino acids from proteins by beginning at the amine or N-terminus.
How enzymes work ?Enzymes play a crucial role in reducing a reaction's activation energy, or the amount of energy required for the reaction to start. Enzymes function by attaching to reactant molecules and holding them so that chemical bond-forming and bond-breaking reactions proceed more quickly.
How do enzymes work in digestion ?The breakdown of the food you eat is greatly aided by digestive enzymes. These proteins quicken chemical processes that change nutrients into things your digestive system can absorb. Digestive enzymes are present in your saliva. Your pancreas, gallbladder, and liver are a few of the organs that release them.
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How does the bottleneck effect undermine the effort of conservation biologists who are trying to save species nearing extinction?.
Bottleneck effect helps the biologists to save species nearing extinction because it helps in reestablishment of the species.
Specified, widespread violence or purposeful culling, human population planning, and other human actions such as famine, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts can all cause population bottlenecks. Population bottlenecks can also occur owing to genetic bottlenecks. Such occurrences can lessen the genetic variety of a community, leaving just a smaller population to transmit genes to future generations of offspring through sexual reproduction.
from such a small population by continuously breeding and providing good environment the again flourishment of the species can take place.
Thus, this small population is now taken care of by biologist so that the proper sexual reproduction can take place and thus the population is maintained and thus conservation takes place.
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Strong evidence for the common ancestry of all life comes from the fact that _________________.
Strong evidence for the common ancestry of all life comes from the fact that similar DNA sequences
What is DNA?
Humans and nearly all other species carry their genetic information in DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA of an individual can be found in almost all of their cells. The majority of DNA is found in the cell nucleus (where it is known as nuclear DNA), but there is also a tiny quantity of DNA in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Cellular organelles called mitochondria transform the energy from food into a form that can be utilized by cells.
Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (C) are the four chemical bases that make up the code that stores the information in DNA (T). More than 99 percent of the 3 billion bases that make up human DNA are the same in every person.
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explain how atp is formed and broken down in the body
Answer:
ATP is able to power cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule (a process called phosphorylation). This transfer is carried out by special enzymes that couple the release of energy from ATP to cellular activities that require energy.
The principle that describes the technique of having body parts and appendages dragged behind the rest of the body and continue to move when the body stops, like a cape, is called:__________
The principle that describes the technique of having body parts and appendages dragged behind the rest of the body and continue to move when the body stops, like a cape, is called Follow Through and Overlapping Action.
Difference between follow through and overlapping actionThe concept of "Follow Through" states that an item or its loosely coupled elements will keep moving even after the character has stopped. Similar to overlapping action, which describes how various sections of an object or body typically move at various rates.
What is the overlap principle?The concept of overlapping action states that various bodily components will move at various velocities. As a result, when you walk, your arms will move more slowly than your head. Animation may have believable motion by using both overlapping action and follow-through.
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One of the serous membranes is thicker than the other serous membranes and contains a lot of fat. which membranes so you think is thicker and why?
Golgi membrane is thick because membrane thickness play a key role in protein function .
What is serous membrane and its function?Serous membrane is a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium lining the content and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid to allow lubricating sliding movement between two surfaces.
Serous fluid lubricates the membrane and reduces the friction and abrasion when organs on the thoracic or abdominopelvic cavity move against each other or the cavity wall.
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Multiple lines of evidence indicate that complex multicellularity evolved at least six different times. which of the superkingdoms includes organisms that exhibit complex multicellularity?
Opisthokonta, Archaeplastida, Stramenopila from the superkingdoms includes organisms that exhibit complex multicellularity.
Complex multicellularity appeared comparatively late in life's history, in the Ediacaran Period, more than three billion years after microbial life began to diversify. Plants, animals, and macroscopic fungus form terrestrial landscapes, while creatures and seaweeds animate the water. Complex multicellularity is the most sophisticated degree of biological structure and has only occurred a few times in metazoans, green plants, brown and red algae, and fungus. Opisthokonta, Archaeplastida, and Stramenopila are the superkingdoms with creatures that display complex multicellularity. Opisthokonts are eukaryotic groupings that comprise amoebae, fungi, and mammals. The photoautotrophic red algae, green algae, land plants, and the small group glaucophytes comprise the Archaeplastida, a large group of eukaryotes. Stramenopiles are eukaryotes categorized as protists because they are not fungi, animals, or plants.
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The areas for speech are found in the _________ and __________ lobes. a. frontal . . . occipital b. temporal . . . frontal c. occipital . . . parietal d. frontal . . . parietal please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The areas for speech are found in the frontal and temporal lobes.
The areas for speech are preferably found in the frontal and temporal lobes of our brain. Our brain is primarily responsible for all bodily functions. The brain has many parts like the medulla, cerebellum, and cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is the primary organ for speech. The cerebrum has two hemispheres which are divided into smaller regions called lobes. These include temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes.
The frontal lobe and the temporal lobes are primarily responsible for speech. They are located on the front and side of the brain above the ears. The frontal lobe is the largest of the four lobes and is responsible for many functions. Broca's area is a part of the frontal lobe which is responsible for turning your words and thoughts into verbal words. Another Wernicke's area is situated in the temporal lobes and is responsible for processing and understanding the languages and words of speech. Arcuate fasciculus is a band of nerves that connect the above two areas.
The areas of speech are Broca's area and Wernicke's area which are found in the frontal and temporal lobes respectively.
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Complete the sentences describing the properties of water that contribute to its role as a solvent in living organisms.
The unequal sharing of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a water molecule makes water a polar molecule.
Which property of water is used as a solvent in living organisms?Water is an excellent solvent because, provided the solute is nonpolar, it can be broken up and surrounded by water, which will dissolve it into solution. This is possible because of the electron configuration of a water molecule.
Water behaves in this way because the positive charge on the hydrogen end of the molecule is drawn to the negative charge of a polar molecule, while the negative charge on the oxygen end is drawn to the positive side of a polar molecule .
The "universal solvent" moniker refers to water's broad range of molecule-dissolving abilities, which are what make it such a vital life-sustaining force. Water's function as a solvent aids biological processes by facilitating the transportation and utilisation of nutrients and oxygen by cells.
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Determine whether the given procedure results in a binomial distribution. if not, give the reason why not. toss a coin, and record the number of tosses until the first head
Yes it is a binomial distribution
The binomial distribution was the sum of the series of the multiple independent and the identically distributed Bernoulli trials. In the Bernoulli trial, the experiment was said to be random and they can only have two possible outcomes: the success or the failure. the Binomial distribution is the common probability the distribution was that models the probability of to obtaining the one of two outcomes and under a given number of the parameters. It is summarizes the number of the trials when each trial has to be the same chance of the attaining one of the specific outcome. The binomial distribution was model allows us to compute the probability of the observing the specified number of "successes" when the process is also repeated a specific number of the times (e.g., in a set of patients) and the outcome for the given patient is either the success or a failure
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The _____ nervous system conserves energy, while the sympathetic nervous system consumes energy.
The nervous system conserves energy, while the sympathetic nervous system consumes energy.
What is the nervous system?The nervous system is an organ system that coordinates the activities of muscles, monitors organs, constructs and processes data received from the senses and initiates actions.
The nervous system can either be the following;
SympatheticParasympatheticThe sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system that raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and dilates the pupils when under stress.
On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is one of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system, based between the brain and the spinal cord, that slows the heart and relaxes muscles.
This suggests that the parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy because it slows the heart while the sympathetic nervous system consumes energy.
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A flowerless, seed-bearing plant is called a(n) ____. group of answer choices
a. angiosperm
b. gymnosperm
c. crinoid
d. echinoid
e. sponge
Gymnosperms are flourless, seed-bearing plants. Therefore, the answer is option B.
Gymnosperms are seed bearing plants. Since gymnosperms do not have flowers, their seeds are not usually encased in an ovary, unlike the angiosperms. Instead, their seeds are open on the surface of bracts (leaf like structures).
Gymnosperms grow mostly in temperate forests and cold boreal forests. There are four main divisions of gymnosperms which include:
Coniferophytes: They are evergreen trees that bear cones. They include trees with needle-like leaves like pines, firs, hemlock and sequoias.Cycadophytes: They include the cycads and grow in subtropical and tropical forests.Ginkgophytes: They only grow in China and can live for thousands of yearsGnetophytes: It is divided into three genera; Ephedra, Gnetum and the Welwitschia.Learn more about gymnosperms here:
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Retinal cells that make connections with bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and other cells like themselves are called:_____.
Names the retinal cells that communicate with ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and other cells that are similar to them.
What are retinal cells?
Light must travel through layers of neurons and capillaries before it reaches the photosensitive regions of the rods and cones in vertebrates because the light-sensing cells are located at the rear of the retina. The optic nerve must pass through the retina in order to reach the brain because the ganglion cells, whose axons make up the optic nerve, are located at the front of the retina. The blind spot results from the absence of photoreceptors in this area.
Retina amacrine cells are interneurons that communicate with ganglion cells and bipolar cells.
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PRETTY PRETTY PLEASEEEEEE HELP
What does the term "homeostasis" mean?
Question 2 options:
respond to their environment
maintain a stable internal environment
made up of units called cells
based on a universal genetic code
Answer:
Homeostasis has become the central unifying concept of physiology and is defined as a self-regulating process by which an organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.
Explanation:
so the answer is, maintain a stable internal environment
Which instructions would be included when teaching a client with hyperthyroidism who just had radioactive iodine to ablate thyroid tissue?
The instructions that would be included when teaching a client with hyperthyroidism who just had radioactive iodine to ablate thyroid tissue is not holding infant.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition of over-activation of thyroid gland. It results in a over production thyroxine hormone.
Overproduction of the hormone can cause acceleration of the body metabolism leading to rapid weight loss. It can also cause other condition like irregular heart beat.
Radioactive iodine is treatment that is suggested for dealing with hyperthyroidism. It kills the targeted thyroid cells and do no harm to other body parts.
But it has other effects like neck tenderness, nausea, swollen salivary gland, etc.
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Gemstones are commonly found in pegmatites, which are igneous rocks that are _____. group of answer choices
Gemstones are commonly found in pegmatites, which are igneous rocks that are exceptionally coarse grained.
Pegmatite are the igneous rocks which are crystalline in nature and are exceptionally coarse grained. It is composed of 33.6 percent albite, 30.4 percent quartz, 21 percent perthite and 14 percent muscovite.
They contain exceptionally large crystals and are also called as architectural stones.
Gemstones are pieces of mineral crystals which is cut and polished to form jewelry and other ornamental items.
Gemstones are commonly found in pegmatites like topaz, tourmaline, kunzite, blue aquamarine, pink morganite.
Pegmatite are mined for both gemstones and rare earth minerals.
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Keratin proteins are made of long chains of _______________linked together end-to-end like beads.
Keratin proteins are made of long chains of amino acids linked together end-to-end like beads.
Your skin is supported, wounds are treated, and your hair and nails are kept in good condition. Your body contains 54 different varieties of keratin. The two are as follows: Type I: 28 of the 54 different types of keratins in your body are type.The substances known as amino acids, or the "building blocks of proteins," play a variety of vital functions in your body.You require them for essential functions like producing hormones, neurotransmitters, and proteins. Some people use particular amino acids as supplements as a natural way to enhance or increase sports performance.To learn more about keratin.
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In _____ diseases, the function or structure of the affected tissue or organs progressively deteriorates over time.
Degenerative diseases cause the affected tissue or organs to gradually lose their function or structural integrity over time.
Describe tissue:A collection of cells with similar structures and functions is referred to as a tissue. The intercellular matrix, a nonliving substance, fills the spaces between the cells. There might be a lot of this in some tissues and not much in others.
What four purposes do tissues serve?Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nerve tissue are the four basic tissue types, each of which is distinguished by its appearance and purpose. In addition to forming protective barriers, epithelial tissue plays a role in the transport of ions and molecules. Other tissue types are supported and anchored by connective tissue.
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