The genetic information carried by dna is in the the linear sequence and their nucleotides
A nucleotide is one of the structural components, or the building blocks, of the DNA and the RNA. A nucleotide is consists of the base (one of four chemicals: the adenine, the thymine, guanine, and cytosine) plus a molecule of the sugar and one of the phosphoric acid. Nucleotides are the organic molecules consisting of the nucleoside and of the phosphate. They serve as the monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – also deoxyribonucleic acid and the ribonucleic acid, both of which are essential of the biomolecules within all the life-forms on the Earth.
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Which class of organisms gather their energy directly from the sun? a. autotrophs b. carnivores c. herbivores d. detritivores please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Autotrophs class of organisms gather their energy directly from the sun.
Autotrophs- 1: Compared to heterotrophic plants, autotrophic plants just need carbon dioxide or carbonates as a source of carbon and a straightforward inorganic nitrogen component for metabolic synthesis of organic molecules (such as glucose). 2: having a regular metabolism without needing a specific exogenous substance.
Metabolism- The full spectrum of biochemical reactions that take place inside a living being. Anabolism, or the accumulation of chemicals, and catabolism make up metabolism (the breakdown of substances). The breakdown of food and its conversion into energy are particularly referred to as the metabolism.
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Answer:
a. autotrophs
Explanation:
You went for a walk through the desert and found a strange looking object. you want to know whether or not it is living. explain how you would use at least four functions of life to determine whether or not this object is living.
Answer:
If the following characteristics were found, the object would be considered living:
Explanation:
properties of living things
Any procedure that causes a change in the state or activity of a cell or perhaps an organism is a response to stimulation( for example locomotion, enzyme generation, expression of genes, etc.)Cells & cellular structure: A cell membrane, nuclei, & cytoplasm are the three components that make up a cell. Complex arrangements of microscopic fibres and tens of thousands of tiny, unique structures known as organelles can be located in the cytoplasm.Genetics: the transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next. Genetics refers to the study of genetics, which is the transmission of qualities from parents to children.The process through which food is converted into energy in the body's cells is called metabolism.Homeostasis is the constant maintenance of internal, external, and chemical circumstances. You can learn more at:https://brainly.com/question/22557084
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After you narrowly avoid a car accident, you begin to calm down. this response is influenced by the __________ nervous system.
Answer:
the answer is
Explanation:
when you done something like it your body will response with simple reflex action which and its response from the central nervous system
What is the specific heat of a diamond if 4.5 J of heat is required to heat a 0.72 g piece of diamond from 10°C
to 22.3°C?
VARIABLES:
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The specific heat capacity of a diamond is 0.508 J/g/°C.
What is specific heat capacity of a substance?The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of that substance by one degree Celsius.
The specific heat capacity of a substance is calculated from the formula below:
q = mcΔT
where q is the quantity of heat
m is the mass of the substance
c is the specific heat capacity of the substance
ΔT is the temperature change
Making c subject of the formula
c = q/mΔT
From the data provided about the diamond;
q = 4.5 J; m = 0.72 g; ΔT = 12.3 °C (22.3 - 10)
Therefore, specific heat capacity c will be:
c = 4.5/(0.72 * 12.3)
c = 0.508 J/g/°C
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Identify the response of the body's homeostatic control systems to large increases in muscle o2 requirements during heavy exercise.
The response of the body's homeostatic control systems to large increases in muscle O₂ requirements during heavy exercise is the increase in body's pulmonary ventilation.
Homeostasis is the state of balanced internal system of the body. A homeostatic body does gets affected by the outer environment as it adjusts itself accordingly. The state of homeostasis can be in terms of thermoregulation, blood glucose regulation, osmoregulation, etc.
Pulmonary ventilation is the process of inhalation and exhalation of air. This is done to fulfil the demand of oxygen in the body and also to remove the waste carbon dioxide from the body. Pulmonary ventilation in simple terms is breathing.
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The peripheral chemoreceptors for oxygen (in carotid and aortic bodies) increase their rate of discharge primarily in response to:________
Answer:
The peripheral chemoreceptors for oxygen (in carotid and aortic bodies) increase their rate of discharge primarily in response to A decrease in dissolved oxygen in cerebral spinal fluid
Explanation:
When the partial pressure of oxygen changes the peripheral chemoreceptors get activated which then causes respiratory drive changes to maintain normal levels of partial pressure. These receptors sense changes in the level of arterial blood oxygen and starts reflexes which play important role in maintaining homeostasis in hypoxemia. These receptors after sensing changes in the blood oxygen in seconds at the start of hypoxia and immediately begins cardiorespiratory modifications. For example, high blood pressure and high breathing rate, play a key role in the maintenance of oxygen homeostasis. When peripheral chemoreceptors are stimulated, the heart reaction is the consequence of main and secondary reflex processes. The primary reflex stimulation's main result is to activate the medullary vagal centre, which lowers the heart rate. The consequences of secondary reflexes are mediated via the respiratory system.
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Transmembrane proteins move ions or molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. True or false?.
True: Transmembrane proteins move ions or molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient.
Transmembrane proteins function as gatekeepers by allowing or preventing the entry or exit of the ions or molecules across the cell membrane. The transmembrane proteins can function on both sides of the bilayer membrane and transport solutes across it. The transport of ions or molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient of the transmembrane proteins is done by active transport.
The transfer of proteins by transmembrane proteins or transporters is performed by two mechanisms: facilitated diffusion or active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows molecules to pass through the membrane without the use of greater energy by simple diffusion. Whereas, active transport uses the energy in the form of ATP and forces the molecules or solutes to pass through the membrane against the concentration gradient.
We can now say that transmembrane proteins move ions or molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. This transport is generally aided by a mechanism called active transport.
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Which term describes the process by which an increase in functional demand results in an increased number of cells?
Hypertrophy is the process by which an increase in functional demand results in an increased number of cells.
What is Hypertrophy?A tissue or organ undergoing hypertrophy will see an increase in volume as a result of the component cells inside growing larger. It differs from hyperplasia, in which the cell size stays about the same but the quantity increases. Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two separate processes, they commonly go hand in hand, as in the case of the hormonally induced proliferation and expansion of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.
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Before b cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into:___.
a. stem cells
b. antigen presenting cells
c. plasma cells
d. macrophages t cells
B cells develop into plasma cells before secreting antibodies.
What exactly are plasma cells and what do they do?Distinguished B-lymphocyte white blood cells called plasma cells are able to secrete immunoglobulin, or antibody. These cells, which are the primary cells in charge of humoral immunity, play a crucial part in the adaptive immune response.One class of immunoglobulin and one type of antibody can only be produced by plasma cells.Where may one find plasma cells?The bone marrow, where blood cells are created, contains plasma cells. In typical bone marrow, few plasma cells are present. The bone marrow of a person with multiple myeloma frequently has a large number of aberrant plasma cells (myeloma cells). Plasmacytomas are bone tumours that can develop from myeloma cells.
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Which habitats should harbor snapping shrimp species with the greatest degree of genetic divergence from each other?
A5 and B5 habitats should harbor snapping shrimp species with the greatest degree of genetic divergence from each other.
What is genetic divergence ?
Genetic divergence is the process through which two or more populations of an ancestor species accrue separate genetic modifications over time, frequently resulting in reproductive separation and ongoing mutation even after the populations have become reproductively isolated for a while.
What do habitats mean?
A habitat is where an organism establishes its base of operations. All of the environmental requirements are met in a habitat for an organism to survive. That refers to everything an animal requires in order to locate and gather food, choose a mate, and procreate successfully.
Question :
In the ocean, on either side of the Isthmus of Panama, are 30 species of snapping shrimp; some are shallow-water species, others are adapted to deep water. There are 15 species on the Pacific side and 15 different species on the Atlantic side. The Isthmus of Panama started rising about 10 million years ago.
In the following figure, the isthmus separates the Pacific Ocean on the left (side A) from the Atlantic Ocean on the right (side B). The seawater on either side of the isthmus is separated into five depth habitats (1—5), with 1 being the shallowest.
53) Which habitats should harbor snapping shrimp species with the greatest degree of genetic divergence from each other?
A) A1 and A5
B) A1 and B5
C) B5 and B1
D) A5 and B5
E) Both A1/A5 and B1/B5 should have the greatest, but equal amounts of, genetic divergence.
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What is the name of all the cell contents between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm, the semi fluid substance of a cellular this is outside to the nuclear membrane and inner to the mobile membrane, every now and then defined because the nonnuclear content material of protoplasm.
In eukaryotes which cells having a nucleus ,the cytoplasm consists of all the organelles. There are some functions such as protects cell contents; makes touch of different cells consists of channels, transporters, receptors, enzymes and mobile identification markers, meditates the access and go out substance.
Cellular contents among the plasma membrane and nucleus, inclusive of cytosol and organelles.It includes features from all cell types. A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm.
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The heart is
O lateral; superior
O medial; inferior
O inferior, medial
O superior, inferior
to the arm and
to the cranial cavity.
Spatial systems include the ______. interrelated contents of areas internal representation of an area or an environment complete isolation of individual elements in an area
Spatial systems include the interrelated contents of areas.
Spatial systems include:
the physical components of a system for spatial information. Disks for storing multiple data types (alphanumeric, graphic, and picture), digitizing tablets and scanners for entering graphic data, plotters and printers for displaying the results, and other peripherals make up a spatial information system.A spatial system is what?The study of measuring, mapping, and visualization of constructed and natural settings is known as spatial systems. Where, what, and when are the questions we hope to address. Drones and laser scanners could be used by surveyors and spatial engineers to measure the built and natural environments.What advantages does spatial have?Commercial, social, political, and environmental advantages of spatial technology are also present. It can assist both businesses and consumers in determining the best travel routes to avoid traffic jams, boost fuel economy, and improve road safety. This increases road safety, cuts pollutants, and saves time.To learn more about spatial systems visit:
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Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell. True or false?.
Unlike simple diffusion, Facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell is false. It does not require energy expenditure by the cell because it is a passive process.
In facilitated diffusion, molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration. It is the passive movement of molecules and the membrane allows only selective types of molecules to pass. Only small and non-polar molecules can pass through the membrane.
Some factors that affect facilitated diffusion are temperature, concentration, distance, and size of the molecules.
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Which layer of skin is least protected by melanin?
a. stratum basale
b. stratum granulosum
c. stratum spinosum
d. stratum corneum
Stratum corneum is least protected by melanin.
What is melanin ?
Your body contains melanin, which is responsible for the colour of your hair, eyes, and skin. The more melanin you create, the darker your eyes, hair and skin will be. Your body's melanin content is influenced by a number of variables, including your genes and how much sun exposure your ancestors received.
The barrier that keeps undesired things from entering the body and excessive water loss from occurring is now widely acknowledged to be the stratum corneum (SC), the skin's outermost layer and interface with the outside world. The main developments in our understanding of this tough membrane are summarized in this study.
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In animals, an intentional, programmed death of some cells occurs through a process called ______.
In animals, an intentional, programmed death of some cells occurs through a process called apoptosis.
What is apoptosis?Multicellular organisms go through a process called apoptosis, which is a type of programmed cell death. The morphology and death of cells are influenced by biochemical processes. The following modifications occur: chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, mRNA decay, nuclear fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and blebbing. The daily loss of cells by the typical adult human due to apoptosis ranges from 50 to 70 billion. Between twenty and thirty billion human cells die every day in children between the ages of eight and fourteen on average.
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How does variation in molecular units provide cells with a wider range of functions?
Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions as: Proteins have variation in their structure which changes the function of the protein and Gene expression proteins have regulatory proteins, which help in controlling gene expression.
Eukaryotic cell have lots of organelles such as the the ribosomes which make proteins for the cell. Because of different kind of molecular units such as flagellum, ribosomes, and cell walls, cells are able to preform many functions at once. The variation of the molecular units and organelles allow the cell to do may things at once. Species with genetic variation and its resultant phenotypes can respond and adapt to changing environmental conditions.
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What structure is used in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions?
The cell wall is used in the bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions. Bergey divided the kingdom Prokaryotae into four divisions in the first edition: Gracilicutes: they have a gram-negative cell wall. Firmicutes are bacteria with gram-positive cell walls.
Tenericutes are organisms that lack a cell wall. The microorganisms are classified into 35 different categories. These groups are not intended to constitute formal taxonomic ranks, but rather to carry on Bergey's practise of categorising bacteria into easily identifiable morphological groups. Cell walls: almost all bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls; however, archaea and eukaryotes do not.
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in a plant, which of the following would represent the smallest level of organization?
Answer:
Atom would be the smallest apparently but if you are not that deep in biology then you can go with cell itself
Here is a little table to help your confusion.
Atomic level/AtomMolecular level/MoleculeOrganelle level/OrganelleCellular level/CellTissue level/tissueOrgan level/organOrgan system level/Organ systemOrganism level/OrganismPlease please ASAP help me ..Will mark Brilliantest
Alex poured some pond water into three beakers. She then put waterweed into each beaker. She put the beakers in different places.
b. In the school pond there were lots of water lilies with large leaves covering the surface. There were not many plants growing below the surface. Suggest a reason for this.
Answer:
because the water lillieswere covering the pond so less light was entering
Answer:
The reason for this because no plant grows in no light area.
Explanation:
In the second answer, we can see that the pond is covered with water lilies which have larger leaves covering the large surface area of water, not allowing sunlight to pass through it. Sunlight is necessary to carryout photosynthesis, which means plant don't grow in no light condition. Hence, no plant grows in no light area.
How often should neurologic assessments and vital signs be taken initially for the patient receiving tissue plasminogen activator (tpa)?
Neurologic assessments and vital signs need to be taken initially for the patient receiving tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) each regular 15 min (15 minutes).
What is the tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)?The tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is a factor used or to trigger the natural process of breakdown of blood clots during coagulation, which may be very useful to restore the normal blood flow to the brain after a stroke.
In conclusion, neurologic assessments and vital signs need to be taken initially for the patient receiving tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) each regular 15 min (15 minutes).
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If+the+nucleotide+variability+of+a+locus+equals+0%,+what+is+the+gene+variability+and+number+of+alleles+at+that+locus?
The nucleotide variation is obtained by comparing nucleotide sequence between individuals between individuals of a particular population. If genetic variability is 0 % then the number of alleles would be 1.
What is genetic variability?Genetic variability is the evolutionary process and development of new species. Genetic variability describes the dissimilarities such as brown eyes, blue eyes that happen naturally when DNA is altered.
Genetic variability varies in population. Genetic variability describes the tendency at which traits in a population may vary.
Gene variation refers to a differences in the genetic makeup of the individual. Genetic variation is a important process of natural selection and biological evolution.
Therefore, The nucleotide variation is obtained by comparing nucleotide sequence between individuals between individuals of a particular population. If genetic variability is 0 % then the number of alleles would be 1.
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Which part of the brain is responsible for thinking and planning? limbic system hypothalamus brain stem cerebral cortex
Cerebral Cortex is responsible for thinking and planning.
Cerebral Cortex- The outer layer of neuronal tissue that makes up the cerebrum of the brains in mammals and humans is called the cerebral cortex, often referred to as the cerebral mantle. Only 10% of the cerebral cortex is made up of allocortex, which is a six-layered structure.
Neuronal tissue- The neural tissue performs some specific duties as a specialized tissue. It is the primary element of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are the three main components of our nervous system that are made of nervous tissue.
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Calculate the percentage ionization in these amino acid side chains at the ph values specified:
i. aspartate at ph 5.4
ii. glutamate at ph 11.8
iii. histidine at ph 8.0
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and pKa can be used to determine the % ionization if it is assumed that the amino and carboxyl groups are not preventing ionization.
aspartate at ph 5.4 = 98.3%glutamate at ph 11.8 = 100%histidine at ph 8.0 = 99%Henderson-Hasselbalch equation- Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation to determine the pH of a solution. Knowing the pH of a solution is particularly significant for many chemical processes as well as for biological systems. The estimated pH value of a buffer solution may be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
pH- A solution's acidity or alkalinity may be determined based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution, or pH. Typically, the pH scale runs from 0 to 14.
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Which statement describes the culture of the Anasazi and Aztec best?
A. The Anasazi and Aztec civilizations lived in Mexico.
B. The Anasazi and Aztec created pottery for trading.
C. The Anasazi and Aztec were known for farming.
D. The Anasazi and Aztec were known for building stone temples.
The statement which describes the culture of the Anasazi and Aztec best is that they were known for farming and is denoted as option C.
What is Agriculture?This is defined as a practice which is characterized by the growing of crops and rearing of animals for personal and commercial purposes and is dependent on resources such as availability of water, sunlight etc.
The people of Anasazi and Aztec are known to be predominantly into agriculture and employed the use of irrigation systems so as to ensure that their crops are well watered for optimal growth and yield.
This is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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How have humans contributed to an imbalance in the nitrogen cycle?
Humans contributed to an imbalance in the nitrogen cycle increase in nitrogen-producing industrial and agricultural activities as well as the burning of fossil fuels is causing humans to overstimulate ecosystems with nitrogen, finds a recent study. Nitrogen is a necessary element for life, but at large concentrations, it is harmful to the environment.
Scientists have shown that by changing the quantity of nitrogen stored in the biosphere, humans are interfering with the nitrogen cycle. The main cause is the burning of fossil fuels, which emits nitric oxides into the atmosphere, where they react with other substances to produce smog and acid rain.
The addition of nitrogen can cause a nutrient imbalance in trees, changes in the health of forests, and losses in biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. More processes than merely the nitrogen cycle are impacted when nitrogen availability is increased because there is frequently a shift in carbon storage. The majority of human activities that have contributed to the rise in nitrogen levels worldwide are small-scale, ranging from the manufacture and use of nitrogen fertilizers to the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles and power plants.
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A 9th grade student in a biology class views a sample of pond water under a microscope. She observes unicellular organisms with cell parts including chloroplasts, a flagellum, and a nucleus. She observes the organism ingesting (eating) food for energy. Which kingdom is this organism in?
The organism will belong to the protist kingdom.
Plants and ProtistsThe plant kingdom consists of multicellular eukaryotic organisms whose cells contain an organelle known as chloroplast.
The chloroplast houses the chlorophyll which is a green pigment responsible for the capturing of solar radiation and gives plants the capacity to manufacture their own foods using photosynthesis.
Organisms in the protist's kingdom are also eukaryotic but strictly unicellular. Some of them have the capacity to carry out heterotrophic as well as autotrophic nutrition like plants.
The organism observed by the student is unicellular and contains chloroplasts. This means that the organism belongs to the protist's kingdom.
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The collagen-rich ________ limits expansion of the nucleus pulposus when the spine is compressed.
The collagen-rich annulus fibrosus limits expansion of the nucleus pulposus when the spine is compressed.
Annulus fibrosus is the tough cartilaginous tissue that surrounds the sift nucleus pulposus. These two structures together form the intervertebral disc. It is responsible for the stability of the spine during rotation. The toughness of the annulus fibrosus is due to the collagen fibers.
Spine is the backbone present in the vertebrates. In humans it is formed of 5 different types of bones that are total 33 in number. The spine in necessary to maintain the posture of the body and keep it erect. It begins from the base of the skull and extends till the hipbone.
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Intercellular junctions important in sealing the space between the cells and filling the gaps are called gap junctions. True or false?.
False,
Tight junctions are intercellular connections that are crucial for securing the gap between the cells.
Specialized tiny holes known as gap junctions "bridge the gap" between cells by joining their cytoplasm.
Tight Junction- The neighboring epithelial cells' upper lateral surfaces are encircled by tight junctions, which are thin belts that form fusion points or "kisses" at their intersections. They help the body create fluid compartments with different compositions and preserve the polarity of the cells.
Intercellular- The area between cells is known as the intercellular space. The cell's outer membranes surround it.
Cells- The simplest form that can sustain life on its own and makes up all living things, including the body's tissues.
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What type of inheritance involves genes that segregate and assort independently?
Mendelian inheritance involves genes that segregate and assort independently.
Independent Assortment- According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, the alleles of two or more distinct genes are separately selected into gametes. In other words, an allele with one gene doesn't really affect the allele for another gene that a gamete acquires.
Genes- The fundamental genetic component transferred from parent to kid. Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are organized sequentially at specified sites on chromosome in the cell nucleus.
DNA- The molecule found inside cells that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism to grow and operate. This knowledge may be handed down from one generations to the next thanks to DNA molecules.
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