The amount of raw materials used in production for the year is $4,400.
Given:
Beginning raw materials inventory 3,400
Raw materials purchases 4,900
Ending raw materials inventory 3,900
The amount of raw materials used in production for the year can be calculated by using the following formula:
Direct material used= beginning inventory + purchases - ending inventory
Direct material used= 3,400 + 4,900 - 3,900
Direct material used= $4,400
Raw materials refer to unprocessed or minimally processed natural resources or substances that are used as inputs in the production of finished goods. Raw materials are the basic building blocks for the manufacturing of products, and can include items such as lumber, minerals, metals, oil, grains, and other natural resources. These materials are transformed into finished goods through processes such as manufacturing, refining, and assembly.
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1. Equilibrium point 2. Demand curve 3. Quantity axis 4. Price axis 5 Supply curve Match each of the options above to the items below. O This is the point at which the quantity of oil in supply meets the quantity in demand. O This part of the graph indicates the quantity of oil. The quantity increases along the continuum. O This part of the graph indicates the price of oil. The price increases along the continuum. O This represents the amount of available oil. This increases when prices are high. O This represents how much oil buyers want to purchase.This increases when prices are low.
This reflects the desired amount of oil purchases. When prices are low, this gets worse.
Who is a buyer in business?A buyer, also referred to as a purchaser, is in duty of purchasing goods on behalf of a business. They are in charge of discussing contracts with vendors, investigating potential purchases, and evaluating the present product lineup.
Who is buyer and seller?Seller and Buyer. A buyer is defined as an individual who sells or has contracted to buy goods in Section 2(1) of the Act. A buyer is among the participants in the agreement because a sale is an agreement between two people. The Act's section 2 defines "seller" (13). A salesman is someone who has made a deal to sell something.
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all organizations operate within an environmental context. which dimensions are associated with the general environment? check all that apply. customers regulatory buyers economic
All organizations operate within an environmental context.C.economic dimensions are associated with the general environment.
What is general environment?The sociocultural, economic, political, and technological components make up the majority of the environment. The diversity of external elements that have an impact on an organization's performance and operation is known as the general environment, or macro-environment.
These outside factors can decide whether a company encounters market opportunities or failures.
Hence the correct option is economic here.
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an issue-specific security policy focuses on issues relevant to every aspect of an organization. true false
This statement is True. An issue-specific security policy is a document that outlines specific policies and procedures related to a single security issue or event. It is designed to address a specific security issue or risk that may affect an organization.
These policies are usually created based on an examination of the current security situation and the potential risks associated with it. A comprehensive security policy document can address many different issues, but an issue-specific policy narrows the focus to one issue and outlines the specific procedures and controls that should be in place to protect the organization from that particular issue.
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annual returns on argo stock over the last four years was (from the oldest) 14%, 9%, -2%, 14%, so what is the average growth rate (the geometric average)?
The average growth rate (the geometric average) of the annual returns om Argo stock over the last four years is approximately 7%
To calculate the geometric average of a series of annual returns, we need to multiply them together and then take the nth root of the product, where n is the number of years in the series.
In this case, we have four years of returns: 14%, 9%, -2%, and 14%.
To calculate the geometric average, we first convert the returns to decimal form by dividing by 100
1.14, 1.09, 0.98, 1.14
Then we multiply them together
1.14 x 1.09 x 0.98 x 1.14 = 1.3293
Finally, we take the fourth root of the product to get the geometric average
(1.3293)^(1/4) ≈ 1.07
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organizations face three kinds of specific buying situations. they are new buy, straight rebuy, and modified rebuy. collectively, these situations are called:
There are three different business categories of buying circumstances: the direct rebuy, the modified rebuy, and the new task. The straight rebuy scenario is the simplest:
The business just orders the same product or service again. The straight rebuy, the modified rebuy, and the new task are examples of common buying scenarios. The straight rebuy scenario is the simplest: the company simply orders the same product or service again. When brand distinctions are minimal and consumer involvement is limited, habitual purchasing behaviour develops. In this circumstance, customers frequently choose a brand because they are familiar to it rather than because they have a strong opinion about it.
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the economic model of consumer behavior predicts that consumers will choose to buy the combination of goods and services that makes them as well off as possible from among all the combinations that their budgets allow them to buy. a. true b. false
True. The economic model of consumer behavior suggests that consumers will select the combination of goods and services that maximizes their utility or satisfaction given their budget constraints.
What is economic model?An economic model is a theoretical framework used to analyze and explain economic behavior. It typically consists of mathematical equations and graphical representations of economic relationships. Economic models are used to describe the interactions of economic agents, to explain historical economic phenomena, and to forecast economic trends and outcomes. They are also used to test the implications of different economic policies and to evaluate the efficacy of different economic solutions. Economic models are generally based on assumptions about human behavior, economic incentives, and the structure of the economy.
In other words, consumers will make purchases based on the combination of goods and services that makes them as well off as possible within their budget.
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which of the following is a way to relax a constraint or bottleneck?multiple choicehave employees work overtime.install faster machinery.train workers to improve productivity.all of these choices are correct.
Employees work overtime, Install faster machinery, Train workers to improve productivity All of these choice are correct.
These options are all viable possibilities. All of these involve removing a restriction or production process bottleneck.
By enabling extended hours of operation, making staff work overtime can enhance the capacity of a bottleneck.By allowing for higher production in the same length of time, installing quicker equipment can also boost a bottleneck's capacity.By boosting a bottleneck's productivity and output, employee productivity training may help ease a limitation.Before selecting a choice, it's crucial to weigh the affordability and viability of each alternative because some may have long-term effects or not be practical in specific circumstances.
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A $1000 face value coupon bond with a $60 coupon payment every year has a coupon rate of
A. 0.6 percent.
B. 5 percent.
C. 6 percent.
D. 10 percent.
C. 6 percent, $Coupon\ Rate = \frac{Coupon\ Payment}{Face\ Value}$
$Coupon\ Payment = $60, $Face\ Value = $1000, So, $Coupon\ Rate = \frac{60}{1000} = 0.06 = 6%$ Therefore, the coupon rate is 6 percent.
What is the relationship between coupon rate and yield to maturity?The coupon rate and yield to maturity are related but not the same thing. The coupon rate represents the fixed annual income received from a bond, while the yield to maturity takes into account the current market price of the bond and any capital gain or loss from holding the bond until maturity.
How does a change in interest rates affect the coupon rate?A change in interest rates can have a significant impact on the coupon rate of a bond. When interest rates rise, the value of existing bonds with lower coupon rates tends to fall, and the coupon rate on new bonds issued tends to increase. Conversely, when interest rates fall, the value of existing bonds with higher coupon rates tends to rise, and the coupon rate on new bonds issued tends to decrease.
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how will each of the following changes affect the equilibrium price and quantity in the market for ham? use a graph to determine your answer. 1. an increase in the price of eggs (if people eat ham and eggs together). 2. an increase in the price of pig feed. 3. a simultaneous increase in the price of pig feed and eggs.
With the help of supply and demand analysis, the effects of each of these changes on the ham market may be determined. a rise in the cost of eggs, a rise in the cost of pig food, a rise in egg and pig feed prices at the same time.
A market is a gathering place for buyers and sellers to exchange goods and services at a price that is mutually acceptable. A grocery shop is an example of a physical market. A virtual market is an online marketplace. The dynamics of supply and demand determine the market price for a certain commodity or service. The price will decrease and vice versa when the supply of an item or service outweighs the demand. Markets are essential to how resources are distributed and how commodities and services are distributed in an economy.
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Fuel efficenty regulations reduce the use of steel in automobile production and increase the use of lighter materials such as aluminum. Also, increased import restrictions have been imposed that limit the amount of steel that can be imported in the US. How would this affect a graph showing the market for steel in the US?
A drop in US steel supply is indicated by a left shift in the supply curve and the demand curve also shifts to the left, indicating a drop in US steel demand.
What is a demand curve?Demand in economics describes the willingness of a consumer to buy goods and services and to pay a certain price for them. The demand for a good or service usually falls as the price rises. Graphically displayed demand plan. Show how price and quantity demanded are related. Law of Demand All other things being equal, individuals will demand fewer units of a good or service if its price is higher.
Plot price and quantity data points with price on the y-axis and quantity on the x-axis. Then connect the dots. You will see the slope drop and move to the right.
Equilibrium(E) refers to the situation where quantity(Q) demanded equals quantity(Q) supplied. The demand(DD) & supply(SS) curve intersect at equilibrium(E).
In the given diagram we can see that DD is the initial demand(DD) curve & SS is the initial supply curve. E is the equilibrium. As the availability of substitutes increases the demand(DD) decreases & the curve shift Equilibrium(E) refers to the situation where quantity(Q) demanded equals quantity(Q) supplied. The demand(DD) & supply(SS) curve intersect at equilibrium(E).
In the above diagram we can see that DD is the initial demand(DD) curve & SS is the initial supply curve. E is the equilibrium. As the availability of substitutes increases the demand(DD) decreases & the curve shifts backward to DD1. The import restrictions lead to a decrease in supply(SS) & the curve shifts leftward to SS1. The new equilibrium is E1.ts backward to DD1. The import restrictions lead to a decrease in supply(SS) & the curve shifts leftward to SS1. The new equilibrium is E1.
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utilize the following graph of the gasoline market to answer the following question: a question: suppose that initially the equilibrium price is $10 and equilibrium quantity is 20. now suppose that incomes decline. after the shift was there excess quantity demanded or excess quantity supplied?
If the lower income would reduce the quantity of the demand, but the quantity supplied would remain the same, resulting in excess quantity supplied.
What is demand and supply interaction?The interaction between demand and supply determines the market price and quantity of a good or service. When the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied, the market is in a state of equilibrium, where price and quantity remain stable unless there is a change in demand or supply.
What happens if income is declined?If incomes decline, it is likely that people will buy less of a good at any given price. This means that the demand curve shifts to the left, resulting in a lower quantity demanded at the initial price of $10. If the quantity supplied remains unchanged, this will result in an excess quantity supplied (i.e. unsold goods) at the initial price of $10.
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what value would be returned on the formula in cell d49?
It should be noted that the value that would be returned would be 1. This is based on the information provided.
Simply being able to count the cells that would fit certain criteria is the goal of a COUNTIFS function. The number of times the criteria are satisfied in this situation would be the value that is returned.
=COUNTIFS is the function (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, . . . )
The first range and its criteria, the second range, etc. will therefore be evaluated. As a result, since the criteria are satisfied just once, the value returned would be 1.
The only objective of a COUNTIFS function is to count the number of cells that would match a given set of criteria. The value returned in this case would depend on how frequently the criteria are met.
The function has the name =COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, . . . )
As a result, it will evaluate the first range and its requirements, the second range, etc. The value returned would be 1, since the criteria are only matched once.
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suppose you can buy 885 shares of vertex pharmaceuticals incorporated (vrtx) stock on margin at $159 per share. your initial margin is 54% and you borrow at the 9 percent. you sell your vrtx shares 4 months later for $180 per share. there were no dividends paid and the prices reflect commissions paid. what is your percent return if you buy on margin?
The percent return if you buy VRTX stock on margin is 26.8%.
What was your return percentage if you buy on margin?To calculate the percent return on a margin trade, you need to consider the total amount borrowed, the interest paid on the loan, and the net profit from the trade.The initial investment is 885 * $159 = $140,915The amount borrowed is $140,915 * 54% = $76,000The interest paid on the loan after 4 months at 9% per year is $76,000 * (9/12 * 4) = $2,160The net profit from the trade is 885 * ($180 - $159) = $19,865The total return is ($19,865 + $76,000 - $2,160) / $76,000 = 26.8%Therefore, the percent return if you buy VRTX stock on margin is 26.8%.To learn more about stock refer:
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which one of the following is the best example of systematic risk? group of answer choices the federal reserve increases interest rates people become diet conscious and avoid fast food restaurants airline pilots go on strike the price of lumber declines sharply a hurricane hits a tourist destination
One example of systematic risk is "the federal reserve increases interest rates." Systematic risk is the term for elements that impact the entire market and cannot be eliminated through portfolio diversification. It is also referred to as market risk or non-diversifiable risk.
When the Federal Reserve increases interest rates, individuals and corporations must pay more to borrow money. This may result in decreased expenditure, slower economic expansion, and recession. As a result, it can have an impact on the value of financial assets generally as well as the stock market.
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which two of the following are among the biggest challenges in conducting good marketing research?
1. Consumers may not be willing to reveal personal information.
2. Consumers' stated intentions may not match their actual purchase behavior.
Consumers may not be willing to reveal personal information and Consumers' stated intentions may not match their actual purchase behavior are the biggest challenges in conducting good marketing research.
What is marketing research?The intentional, unbiased process of gathering, analyzing, and coming to a conclusion about an assessment pertinent to a suitable promotional issue that a corporation is facing is known as marketing research. It involves obtaining primary and secondary data and evaluating it in order to better understand the target market and direct product decisions.
Research methodology is to supply knowledge in order to generate suitable marketing plans and decisions. Determine target markets, ascertain consumer interests and preferences, evaluate the competition, and assess the success of marketing campaigns are some examples of this.
There are various formats for marketing research, including:
1. Primary research is gathering information from the target market directly using techniques like surveys, focus groups, and in-depth interviews.
2. Collecting data from sources that have already been compiled and published, such as market reports, government statistics, and industry studies, is known as secondary research.
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a for-profit business exists to maximize profits for owners. in contrast, what type of business uses its profits to provide a public service?
A 'for-profit business' exists to maximize profits for owners. Whereas, a non-profit business uses its profits to provide a public service
Non-profit organizations are typically established with the aim of serving a specific social cause or community need, rather than generating profits for owners or shareholders. Examples of non-profit organizations include charities, educational institutions, and religious organizations.
The profits generated by non-profit organizations are used to further their mission and provide services to the community, rather than being distributed as dividends to owners.
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of the segments that make a healthcare financial system work, which segment gathers evidence that an event has occurred?
Of the four segments that make a healthcare financial system work, D. The accounting system records evidence that an event has occurred.
An accounting system is a collection of accounting processes that are linked by rules and controls. An accounting system's purpose is to record company transactions, summarize those transactions into aggregated forms, and provide reports that decision makers can use to monitor, evaluate, and improve operations.
Though an accounting system can be totally paper-based, this is often encountered only in very small organizations. Accounting systems are often based on off-the-shelf accounting software, augmented by any procedures required to input data into the software.
An accounting system often covers the primary functional aspects of a corporation, such as purchasing products and services, selling goods and services, and paying personnel for salaries earned.
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Correct question:
Of the four segments that make a healthcare financial system work, which segment records evidence that an event has occurred?
A. The original records
B. The reporting system
C. The information system
D. The accounting system
D. The accounting system
organizations try to be socially responsible to their local communities, in part, to minimize their negative impact on communities. group of answer choices true false
True, organizations try to be socially responsible to their local communities, in part, to minimize their negative impact on communities.
Being socially responsible means that an organization considers the impact of its actions on society and the environment, and takes steps to minimize negative effects. This can include things like reducing waste and emissions, supporting local communities through charitable giving, and ensuring that working conditions are safe and fair for employees. By being socially responsible, an organization can improve its reputation and relationships with stakeholders, which can lead to increased long-term success. Being socially responsible is a key aspect of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which refers to the ethical and responsible behavior of a company in its interactions with stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, and the wider community. CSR involves taking into account the social and environmental impact of a company's operations and making conscious decisions to minimize negative effects and maximize positive impact. One of the ways that organizations can be socially responsible to their local communities is by reducing their environmental footprint. This can include reducing waste, conserving energy and water, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By doing so, organizations can help to preserve the natural resources of the planet for future generations and reduce the impact of their operations on the local environment.
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an investor wants to be able to buy 4 percent more goods and services in the future in order to induce her to invest today. during the investment period, prices are expected to rise by 2 percent. which statement(s) below is/are true? i. 4 percent is the desired real risk-free interest rate. ii. 6 percent is the approximate nominal rate of interest required. iii. 2 percent is the expected inflation rate over the period.
1st and 3rd. These statements are true. The desired real risk-free interest rate is the rate of return that the investor wants to receive on her investment, after adjusting for inflation.
In this case, the desired real rate of return is 4 percent. The expected inflation rate over the period is the increase in prices over the period, which is 2 percent.
As for statement II, it is not true. To calculate the approximate nominal rate of interest required, we need to add the desired real rate of return to the expected inflation rate:
Nominal rate of interest required = Desired real rate of return + Expected inflation rate
Nominal rate of interest required = 4% + 2% = 6%
So, the approximate nominal rate of interest required is 6 percent.
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If a comparison between average cost and price reveals whether a firm is earning profits, then a comparison between average variable cost and price reveals _____.
If a comparison of average expense and price reveals that a firm is profitable, a comparison of firm's variable cost and cost reveals if the firm is profitable if real costs are excluded from the calculation.
What is the distinction between average variable and variable cost?Total variable costs also include expenditures for a product cycle, whereas average variable costs show the amount that these variable costs sum for each tool that benefits.
How do you differentiate between variable repaired and semi-variable costs?A fixed cost is one that does not change based of the output of the production process. A variable cost, on the other hand, is one that is determined solely by the output level. A semi-variable cost thus combines this same features of a set rate and an indirect cost.
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on december 15 we performed $5,000 worth of service for a customer and immediately received $5,000 in cash. what is our revenue for december if we use the accrual basis of accounting, assuming that this is the only transaction that affected both revenue and cash in december?
$5,000 is our revenue for December if we use the cash basis of accounting, assuming that this is the only transaction that affected both revenue and cash in December.
Cash basis accounting is a type of accounting that only records income and expenses when cash is exchanged. This system is easier to understand than accrual basis accounting, which records income and costs when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when money is actually transferred.
Small enterprises, sole proprietorships, and individuals are the most likely to adopt cash basis accounting. A cash basis accounting example is when a company records revenue only when it is received and expenses only when they are paid.
Revenue would not be recorded until it was received in cash (or another form of payment), and expenses would not be recorded until they were paid.
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A 50-cent-per-pack tax on cigarettes will reduce smoking by teenagers by 12 percent. This represents
positive assessment.It is a proclamation of good.Given that it expresses an cause and effect relationship, it is a positive statement.
What does the% stand for?The% is a relative number that is used to represent hundredths of the any quantity.Since one percent (1%) equals one tenth about something, 100 percent denotes the entire amount, and 200 percent denotes twice the amount mentioned.
What do the formula symbols mean?A a one or two-letter identifier of an element is known as a chemical symbol.The chemical symbols O for oxygen, Zn or zinc, and Fe fer iron are a few examples.A symbol's first letter is usually capitalized.The second letter of a symbol that has two letters is lowercase.
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in a market-driven planning approach, market research occurs at what two points in the process?
In a market-driven planning approach, market research occurs when there is need of assess n pretest in the process.
Market research, also recognised as "marketing research," is the method of determining the feasibility of a new service or product through direct customer research.
Market research enables a company to identify its target market and obtain opinions or other feedback from clients regarding their interest in a product or service.
This type of study can be carried out in-house, by the corporation itself, or by a 3rd market research firm. Surveys, testing of the product, and focus groups can all be used to accomplish this.
Typically, test subjects are recompensed with product samples or a monthly allowance for their time. Market research is an essential component of a new product or service's research and development (R&D).
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the porter five-forces model is designed to help us understand how social attitudes and cultural values impact u.s. businesses. group of answer choices true false
The given statement "The porter five-forces model is designed to help us understand how social attitudes and cultural values impact U.S. businesses" is False because it is also used to analyze the new market.
The porter five-forces model is the model of five forces in which the analyze of the operating environment the new method of a competition in the business field.
This model from the industrial organization economics in determining the competitive intensity and attractiveness of the industry in the term of the profitability.
The five forces models in which the five forces are competitive rivalry, supplier power, buyer power, threat of substitution and the threat of new entry.
The question is incorrect, the correct question is here:
The porter five-forces model is designed to help us understand how social attitudes and cultural values impact U.S. businesses. State True or False.
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what is the advantage of defining the decision variables as is done in this model rather than stating the amount to be invested and expressing the decision variables directly in dollar amounts?
Decision variables are elements of your model that you have influence over, like the rent rate or the amount to put into a mutual fund.
Decision variables are necessary for OptQuest models but not for Crystal Ball models. To answer the problem, the program is attempting to determine these quantities. Decision variables are elements that affect revenue or expenses, such as the quantity of a product produced or the quantity shipped from one location to another.
An unknown in an optimization problem is a choice variable. It has a domain, which is a condensed representation of the entire set of the variable's potential values. Types of decision variable are references.
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The slope of a budget constraint line is influenced by:a. the tastes and preferences of the decision-maker.b. none of the abovec. how much one item costs compared to the cost of the other item.d. how effectively one more of each of the two competing goods satisfies wants.
The slope of such a budget line line is effected by the proportion of a price of just one great to the price of another.
C is the correct answer.
What factors influence the curve of a budget line line?The relative price of the options determines the curve of the budget constraint. Choices outside of the budget are unaffordable. The cost of opportunity is measured by how much is given in exchange.
How steep is the initial budget line?The cliff face of the total budget is the price ratio of good 1 as well as good 2. This would imply dividing the price of goods on the x axis by the price of goods on the y axis.
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T/F the philosophy of utilitarianism is used to explain why restaurants
The goal of utilitarianism is to produce both winners and losers. Restaurants, theaters, and hotels should make themselves disability accessible, according to utilitarian philosophy. The rights to life, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness are all examples of human rights.
What is utilitarianism ?A variation of consequentialism known as utilitarianism holds that the only criteria for determining what is right and bad are the results of any action.
Utilitarianism takes into account the interests of all sentient creatures equally, in contrast to other varieties of consequentialism like egoism and altruism.
On a number of matters, including whether decisions should be made based on the anticipated outcomes of acts (act utilitarianism) and whether agents should follow guidelines that maximize utility, utilitarians have disagreed (rule utilitarianism).
There is controversy over whether the utility of those who are least fortunate or average utility (total utilitarianism) should be prioritized.
Despite the fact that the hedonists Aristippus and Epicurus, who believed that enjoyment was the only thing that mattered.
Hence, The goal of utilitarianism is to produce both winners and losers. Restaurants, theaters, and hotels should make themselves disability accessible, according to utilitarian philosophy.
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Buying a house can be described as which of these? A.) Low-involvement decision B.) Reactive decision C.) Programmed decision D.) Nonprogrammed decision
Option D is Correct. The decision to purchase a home can be characterized as non-programmed. Adopting new technology, acquiring another company, and enhancing brand image are a few instances of non-programmed.
A nonprogrammed decision is one that does not adhere to a predetermined process, and the criteria for such decisions are not clearly stated. The information on which a decision is based is typically vague or partial, which are the main features of an unprogrammed decision.
In order for us to make effective decisions when faced with non-programmed choices, our reflecting mechanism in our brains will typically need to be engaged. Heuristics, however, can enable decision-makers to switch to the rapid, reactive system when making programmed judgments, allowing them to quickly move on to other problems.
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raul overheard one of his co-workers in a phone conversation say, thank you for taking my call so quickly. i'd like to order number 1284h, the all-american ashlee simpson lip-synching doll. can i use the easy pay plan? the co-worker was in which stage in the consumer purchase decision process?
The co-worker was in the Purchase stage of the Consumer Purchase Decision Process.
What is Consumer Purchase Decision Process?
The Consumer Purchase Decision Process is a five-step model that describes the steps a consumer goes through when making a purchase decision. The steps are:
Problem recognition: The consumer recognises a need or want that they have.Information search: The consumer actively seeks information to satisfy their need or want.Evaluation of alternatives: The consumer evaluates the options available to them in terms of their attributes, benefits, and costs.Purchase decision: The consumer makes a decision to purchase a product or service.Post-purchase evaluation: The consumer assesses the overall satisfaction with their purchase and may form an opinion on the product or brand that can influence future purchase decisions.To know more about Consumer Purchase Decision Process, visit
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how would each of the following transactions affect the gdp of the united states? a. the u.s. government pays $1 billion in salaries for government workers. gdp will (click to select) . b. the u.s. government pays $1 billion to social security recipients. gdp will (click to select) . c. the u.s. government pays a u.s. firm $1 billion for newly produced airplane parts. gdp will (click to select) . d. the u.s. government pays $1 billion in interest to holders of u.s. government bonds. gdp will (click to select) . e. the u.s. government pays $1 billion to saudi arabia for crude oil to add to u.s. government-owned oil reserves.
GDP was the total market value of all the products produced inside a country's borders over a certain time period.
a. An increase of $1 billion in GDP.
Government employee salaries are a direct government purchase of services and are included in GDP.
b. Transfer payments to recipients of Social Security are not included in GDP.
Despite being spent by individuals, they will still be included in the government's budget as "Personal consumption expenditure."
c. Increase GDP by $1 billion as government consumption now includes the purchase of airplane parts.
d. Not included in the GDP, as In contrast to net business interest, which is often for a loan used to buy capital equipment and is recognized as part of GDP because it is tied to production, interest paid on government bonds is not included in GDP because it is typically not for a loan used to purchase capital equipment.
e. No effect, as A $1 billion payment to Saudi Arabia for crude oil to increase reserves qualifies as government consumption and would increase GDP, but it would also be deducted as imports, so overall GDP remains unchanged.
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