The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose as a result of large cells engulfing smaller, aerobic bacteria. The organelle that provides evidence for this theory is mitochondria.
Endosymbiotic theory says that some of the organelles of eukaryotic cells arose from the prokaryotic creatures. Mitochondria and chloroplast are some organelles. The evidence for the theory was given by the technique gene sequencing.
Mitochondria is the double membranous cell organelle. The inner membrane is folded into finger-like projections called cristae. These increase to surface area of mitochondria to produce maximum amount of ATP. The mitochondria has its own DNA which is circular in structure and this gives the evidence for endosymbiotic theory.
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Carbohydrates that are not hydrolyzed enzymatically can be fermented by gut bacteria into _________________ in the large intestine.
Carbohydrates that are not hydrolyzed enzymatically can be fermented by gut bacteria into short chain fatty acids in the large intestine.
Carbohydrates are chemically polyhydroxy ketones and aldehydes. They can be divided into three classes: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides act as the monomeric unit for the formation of di- and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates serve several functions like energy-containing compounds or structural compounds.
Short chain fatty acids are the fatty acids with less than 6 carbon atoms. They are formed inside the colon by certain bacteria and are an indicator of good colon health. The example are butyrate, acetate, propionate, etc. They also have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Vitamin ____ is necessary for vision, bone growth and maintenance of epithelial cells.
Vitamin A is necessary for vision, bone growth, and maintenance of epithelial cells.
We can define vitamins as micronutrients that perform various important functions in the body. Vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body of a person and hence are derived from the diet of a person.
Vitamin A is present in many foods and it is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin A helps the body in various functions such as improving vision, helping the immune system, growth of bones, maintenance of cells etc.
Certain foods contain carotenoids in them. A person's body has the ability to convert these carotenoids into Vitamin A which is then used by the body for various functions. Some preformed sources of Vitamin A include dairy products and eggs.
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Function of the kreb's cycle is to? a. remove hydrogen ions and transfer them to coenzymes b. transfer a hydrogen to an acetyl group c. degrade glucose d. produce carbon dioxid
Function of the Krebs cycle is to (a) remove hydrogen ions and transfer them to coenzymes.
Krebs cycle is also called the Citric acid cycle or the TCA cycle. It occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. It is an important cycle of the aerobic respiration that functions to provide energy to the cells. The energy released is in the form of NADH, FADH₂ and GTP.
Coenzymes are the organic molecules that aid in the catalysis process to the enzymes. They bind to the active site of the enzymes. These are not proteinaceous in structure. The examples of coenzymes are NAD, NADP and FAD.
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Characteristics that are genetically transferred from parents to their offspring are said to be a product of.
Characteristics that are genetically transferred from parents to their offspring are said to be a product of heredity.
The transfer of traits from one generation to the next is known as heredity, also known as inheritance or biological inheritance. Whether through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic make-up of their parents. Variations between people can accumulate through genetics and lead to the natural selection-driven evolution of species. Genetics is the study of heredity in biology. It is well acknowledged that DNA, a molecule that conveys genetic information, is a significant carrier of heritable traits. DNA is a lengthy polymer that contains four types of interchangeable bases. The entire set of characteristics that can be observed in an organism's structure and behavior is referred to as its phenotype.
These traits are the outcome of the interplay between the genotype and the environment.
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In-linked glycosylation will occur in the ______________ which causes the protein to ______________.
In-linked glycosylation will occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, which causes the protein to glycosylation.
The process of glycosylation involves the covalent attachment of a carbohydrate to a target macromolecule, usually a protein or lipid. This adjustment has several purposes. For instance, some proteins require glycosylation in order to fold appropriately.
A crucial and tightly controlled method of processing secondary proteins inside of cells is glycosylation. It is essential for determining the stability, function, and structure of proteins. Glycosylation is known to alter the way proteins are arranged in three dimensions structurally.
The most prevalent type of posttranslational modification (PTM) on excreted and extracellular membrane-associated proteins is protein glycosylation (Spiro, 2002). Many distinct kinds of glycans, also known as carbohydrates, saccharides, or sugars, are covalently joined to a protein in this process.
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The recessive alleles do not contribute to the red coloration of the seed casing. True or false
The statement "the recessive alleles do not contribute to the red coloration of the seed casing" is definitely true.
What are Recessive alleles?Recessive alleles may be defined as a type of alternate form of a gene that must be homozygous when inherited in order to be expressed in the phenotype.
In a more simple sense, a recessive allele may be characterized as a type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual.
The red coloration of the seed casing is determined by the effect of dominant alleles while the green coloration of the seed casing is influenced by the effect of recessive alleles.
Therefore, the statement "the recessive alleles do not contribute to the red coloration of the seed casing" is definitely true.
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Name the 6 sets of extraocular muscles and the cranial nerve that innervates each one.
Answer:
Each of the six groups of extraocular muscles is innervated by a different cranial nerve.
Explanation:
Superior oblique, inferior oblique, superior rectus, and inferior rectus are all located on the Cranial Nerve Number 3. The lateral rectus is located on Cranial Nerve Number 6.
The extraocular muscles are indeed the 7 extrinsic muscles of something like the human eye. These 4 recti muscles, both superior as well as inferior oblique muscles, and indeed the levator palpebrae superioris are the 6 extraocular muscles that control visual stimuli and eyelid lifting, accordingly. The location of the eye just at the time of muscle contraction affects the activities of the 6 ocular muscles.
The typical tendinous ring, the fibrous ring near the rear of the orbit, is the basis of a 4 extraocular muscles known as the recti.
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Why do scientists use diamonds to help them gain understanding of the
conditions inside the Earth?
Your answer
* 1 point
Answer:
Scientists use Diamonds instead of other Metals or Non-Metals to help them gain understanding of the conditions inside the Earth as Diamond is the hardest material discovered in this world so far. Its Melting Point and Boiling Point is extremely high, which explains why it doesn't melt when in contact with Lava.
The rna responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis is ___.
The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis is tRNA.
In the field of science, Ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be described as a nucleic acid molecule that is single-stranded. RNA plays important functions such as helping is coding and decoding of the genome.
During the process of transcription, mRNA is formed from the DNA. These mRNA is referred to as transcripts that have a coding sequence for the formation of proteins. The mRNA carries a sequence for proteins in the form of codons. These codons have complementary amino acids which are brought to the ribosomes by the tRNA.
In the ribosomes, where the formation of protein has to occur, it is the transfer RNA (tRNA) that brings the amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
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The best description of the bonds that form polypeptides and the difference between polypeptides and proteins is.
Answer:
Explanation:
A peptide is two or more amino acids joined together by peptide bonds, and a polypeptide is a chain of many amino acids. A protein contains one or more polypeptides. Therefore, proteins are long chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.
hope this helps :)
Polypeptides are collections of amino acid chains linked by what are known as peptide bonds. The carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid condense, forming these peptide bonds and releasing a water molecule in the process.
The size and complexity of polypeptides and proteins primarily differentiate them from each other. Polypeptides are amino acid chains that are usually less than 50 amino acids long. On the other hand, proteins are larger and more complex molecules made up of one or more polypeptide chains folded into certain three-dimensional (three-dimensional) structures known as tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins .
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A neuron with an excitatory center-inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate _____.
A neuron with an excitatory center-inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate only the center
What does a neuron's receptive field look like?The area of the sensory world where a neuron's receptive field is located is where an appropriate stimulation can either raise (excitatory) or reduce (inhibitory) a neuron's activity. The region of the retina known as a retinal ganglion cell's receptive field is where light stimulus alters the cell's response or firing rate.
a reduction in receptor sensitivity even while a stimulus is present.
Additionally called hypercomplex cells. cell of the visual cortex with a strong inhibitory field at one end of its field that reacts best to stimuli of a very specific type anywhere in a broad receptive field. The locations of these cells are in V1 and V2. Their receptive field is the biggest.
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Which types of drugs taken by a pregnant patient are more likely to have effects on a fetus? a.protein-bound drugs b.ionized drugs c.drugs that are highly polar d.lipid-soluble drugs
(D) Drugs that are lipid-soluble cross the placenta more easily. Highly polar, ionised, or protein-bound medications have a hard time crossing the placenta.
Why are drugs lipid soluble?Lipid-soluble medicines diffuse more quickly because the cell membrane is lipoid. Larger molecules typically take longer to cross membranes than smaller ones. The majority of pharmaceuticals are weak organic acids or bases that exist in aquatic environments as both ionised and unionised forms.
The gut wall and liver substantially process the more lipophilic medications (first-pass metabolism). The variability of this first-pass clearance can lead to 20-fold variations in the plasma drug concentrations of patients who received the same dose. Additionally, it makes patients with hepatic disease, particularly cirrhosis, more susceptible to pharmacological interactions with substances that change the hepatic drug metabolism, such as cimetidine.
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Calculation of the amount of oxygen entering the blood per breath after running
12 breaths are taken on average each minute. The volume of air inhaled with each typical breath is known as tidal volume (TV).
Your body needs more oxygen and creates more carbon dioxide while you exercise because your muscles are working harder. Your breathing must rise from about 15 times per minute (12 liters of air) at rest to between 40 and 60 times per minute (100 liters of air) during exercise in order to meet this additional demand.Additionally, your circulation quickens to ensure that the muscles have enough oxygen to continue working.The heart and lungs, two of the body's major organs, work hard while you exercise. The lungs both supply the body with oxygen, which gives you energy, and eliminate carbon dioxide, which is a waste product produced when you make energy.Therefore, breathing rate increases after exercise.
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The p in ph stand for the german word potenz, witch means "power" or "potential." the h represnts hygrogen ions. how are these related to the definition of ph
Answer:
The answer is following:
Explanation:
The definition of pH is "power of hydrogen ions," as stated above.
An indicator of a solution's acidity is its hydrogen ion percentage. A much more acidic solution is indicated by a greater concentration.
The pH equation is
pH = -log(H+)
In this way, pH serves as a measurement for hydrogen ions.
The hydrogen ion potential increases with increasing pH negativity. Hydrogen is the meaning of the H in pH. However, there is significant disagreement regarding what the p stands for. According to the Carlsberg Foundation, pH stands for "power of hydrogen." The French argue that it is their term for power, puissance, while German scientists assert that it refers for Potenz, which also means power. According to ancient Romans, the word is pondus hydrogen (Latin for "amount of hydrogen"). The British would say that the possible hydrogen is the only complexity involved.
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How does the structure of the plasma membrane depend on the amphiphilic (means both hydrophobic and hydrophilic) nature of phospholipids?
The amphiphilic molecules arrange themselves into a bilayer, with their hydrophilic phosphate-containing heads facing the water on each side of the membrane and their hydrophobic tails directed towards the center, avoiding water.
A phospholipid is a lipid composed of two fatty acid tails, glycerol and a phosphate-linked head group. Biological membranes typically have two phospholipid layers with their tails pointing inward, a configuration known as a phospholipid bilayer.
The primary material of the plasma membrane is composed of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer. They are amphipathic, which means they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, making them ideal for this role.
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Sugars pass from cell to cell in the leaf starting in the _______ of the mesophyll; they move through the _______ of other cells and finally pass into the _______ of the sieve tube element
Sugars pass from cell to cell in the leaf starting in the symplast of the mesophyll; they move through the symplast or apoplast of other cells and finally pass into the symplast of the sieve tube element
In symplastic pathway the sugar will move through the cytoplasm of the cell and pass on to the other cell through the plasmodesmata.
In apoplastic pathway the sugar will move through the cell wall and intercellular spaces and does not cross the cell membrane.
When the sugar are synthesized by the leaves first it will move through the symplast of the mesophyll cells. Then sugar will be travelling either through symplastic or apoplastic pathway in other cells and pass through the sieve tube elements in symplastic pathway
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When a person is in a state of fear, the hormone epinephrine is released. This stimulates the activation of energy-generating catabolic pathways in order to provide the body with energy for a response to danger. How would that be helpful to a person who encounters a lion?.
The release of the hormone epinephrine will be helpful to a person who encounters a lion because it will lead to the supply of more energy to the muscles in the body and increased blood supply due to which the person can run away from the place of danger to a safe place.
The adrenal gland is a part of the endocrine system of the body.
It consists of two parts- the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones- adrenaline/epinephrine and noradrenaline/norepinephrine.
These hormones are released in response to any stressful situation and during emergency conditions, so they are called emergency hormones or hormones of Fight or Flight.
These hormones have the following effects on the body:-
They increase alertness.
They increase the heartbeat, the strength of contraction of the heart, and also the respiratory rate.
They also stimulate the activation of energy-generating catabolic pathways.
The above-mentioned effects help a person to escape a stressful situation.
Thus, the release of the hormone epinephrine will be helpful to a person who encounters a lion because it will lead to the supply of more energy to the muscles in the body and increased blood supply due to which the person can run away from the place of danger to a safe place.
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What is an important regulation process that connects various parts of a system?
Answer:
An important regulation process that connects various parts of a system is feedback.
Explanation:
A reaction inside a biological system—a molecule, tissue, species, or population—that affects the behavior or performance of that system is known as feedback. It essentially involves the regulation of a metabolic pathway by the activity's byproducts.
Both positive and negative feedback is possible. Negative feedback is indeed a component of any feedback mechanism that keeps things in balance. Positive feedback in biology occurs far less frequently. Whenever a change in variable results in a reaction that undoes the original change, this is known as negative feedback. A reaction is generated by a change in a factor when there is positive feedback. For instance, a warm-blooded species like a whale keeps a greater body heat to improve the internal equilibrium and while a cold-blooded animal such as fish retains a lower temperature of the body in accordance with the surrounding environment.
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Thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arterioles to the smallest venules are?
Capillaries
Thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arterioles to the smallest venules are capillaries.
Nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the blood and body tissues through the tiny, thin-walled capillaries that connect the arterioles and venules.What are capillaries?These little blood vessels have thin walls. Oxygen and nutrients from the blood can enter organs and tissues through the walls. The capillaries also eliminate waste from your tissues. In capillaries, carbon dioxide and waste are exchanged for oxygen and nutrients.Where do capillaries reside within the body?Continuous capillaries are the smallest blood veins in your circulatory system.They link your arteries and veins. Additionally, they support the endocrine system, brain, kidneys, lungs, small intestines, and kidneys.To learn more about capillaries visit:
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Assume that you have a eukaryotic cell with three chromosomes within it. how many 5' ends would there be?
The number of 5' ends would be Gap 1:6, Gap 2:12.
The carbon atoms in the sugar ring are numbered from 1' to 5', and the "5 prime end" of a nucleic acid strand has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 5' carbon and the "3 prime ends" has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 3' carbon. For a single-stranded (ss) DNA strand or an RNA strand, that is an easy enough task.
The pairing of the 5' end of one strand with the 3' end of the other strand in double-stranded (ds) DNA is not immediately apparent, however (it is "antiparallel"; ). If one strand is the sense strand of a gene. In that situation, the direction is determined by the sense strand's orientation.
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What are the limitations of classical conditioning in addressing the cognitive processes of humans?
Humans' thoughts, perceptions, and expectations impact the success of associating. Humans take into account the predictability of an event as well.
What is cognitive process?Thanks to a series of chemical and electrical impulses that occur in your brain during cognitive processes, you may understand your surroundings and learn new things. Numerous messages are produced by chemical discharges from neurons, which other neurons in the area then convert into conscious and unconscious thoughts. A few examples of cognition are procedural knowledge, emotional responses, and the conscious interpretation of your five senses. Complex mental processes including memory, learning, language use, problem-solving, decision-making, reasoning, and intelligence are also considered to be parts of cognition.Learn more about the cognitive process with the help of the given link:
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If a case of anorexia nervosa has neared a medical crisis, the first step in treatment is to?
If a case of anorexia nervosa has neared a medical crisis, the first step in treatment is to restore adequate body weight.
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person has a fear of being overweight and thus avoids eating as much as possible. He is very concerned about his body shape and weight. He tries unhealthy routines to acquire a perfect body shape or indulges in unhealthy practices like vomiting after eating.
Anorexia nervosa can be diagnosed by oneself. Various symptoms associated with anorexia nervosa include fatigue, underweight, insomnia, abnormal blood count, excessive hair fall, etc. It can take over your life if not treated in time. Treatment may help you develop a better sense of your personality and can return to your normal diet to keep you healthy.
Younger people are more at risk. they become self-obsessed with their thin body shape and avoid treatment. This could be quite life-threatening. It can even affect your health and cause many problems like kidney disorders, heart disorders, low bone density, muscle loss, etc.
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Each peroid of the periodic table begins on the left with a:
very active metal
metalloid
rare-earth metal
Answer:
Rare Earth medals
Explanation:
A group of executives assigned to oversee the organization's ethics by ruling on questionable issues and disciplining violators is referred to as a(n)________
A group of executives assigned to oversee the organization's ethics by ruling on questionable issues and disciplining violators is referred to as an ethics committee.
What is an organization's ethics?An organization's ethics may be defined as the category of code of conduct of the individuals who are consistently working in a particular organization. These ethics typically expresses the utility of an organization to its employees and other entities irrespective of governmental or regulatory laws.
An ethics committee is a collection of executives that are significantly appointed in order to oversee company or organization ethics.
The ethics committee undertakes responsibility for disciplining unlawful performers and also questioning the basis of ethics which is essential if the organization is to directly consequences employee behavior.
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1.
How does the relative and absolute age of rocks and the fossil
record provide evidence to Earth's geologic history?
Through the application of radiometric dating techniques, the relative and absolute ages of rocks and fossil records offer proof of the earth's geographic past.
The geologists' dating techniques are typically based on radioactive dating.
To date the history of such events, credible sources of information such as the natural decay of the elements or compounds contained in the artifacts are used.
For instance, Red Rock Canyon is a region of geologic significance to all people.
The Red Rock Canyon National Conservation area is a beauty that took millions of years to create. Red Rock Canyon was discovered at the bottom of an ocean basin around 500 million years ago.
This ocean basin has accumulated limestone that is home to marine life fossils. The Aztec Sandstone has been found to contain the footprints of two-footed, meat-eating dinosaurs.
There were also uncovered the footprints of small creatures including spiders, scorpions, early mammals, and proto-mammals. Red Rock Canyon's fossils and rock formations provide proof of the planet's geologic past.
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Who/or what can fix melting polar ice caps????
Answer:
Scientist says giant walls and cooling tunnels may be the best ways to save polar ice.
Explanation:
For years, scientists have been exploring ways to save the vast sheets of ice covering Greenland and Antarctica, which as the climate warms are melting and falling into the ocean.
Answer:
humans can fix it if we stopped using so many polutants to the air and cause climate change but really the savior would be trees because they produce fresh air so if we plant or let the earth grow then it would go back to normal.
Explanation:
cuz
Please explain so I can learn how to do questions like this.
Voluntary green power purchases began through a variety of state and utility programs. Between 1999 and 2004, more than 500 utilities in 34 states began to offer their retail customers the option to buy green power. Mandates that required utilities to offer green power products were enacted in 5 states between 2001 and 2003. All but one statement describes a benefit of green power.
A Green power supports the use of renewable energy resources.
B Green power is a cheaper energy resource for the general population.
C Green power reduces greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants.
D Green power fosters an improved living and community enviorment.
it is A
The green power supported the resources
The ________, first proposed by francis crick, summarizes the relationships between dna, rna, and protein.
The fundamental doctrine describes the connection between DNA, RNA, and proteins and was first put forth by Francis Crick.
The fundamental tenet of molecular biology is the idea that genetic information can only move from DNA to RNA to protein or from RNA to protein directly. Cells create proteins through a process known as protein synthesis. Transcription and translation take place simultaneously. The conversion of genetic information from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus is known as transcription. Initiation, elongation, and termination are its three stages. The process of transcription involves moving genetic information from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. Initiation, elongation, and termination are its three stages. Following processing, the mRNA transports the information to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome, which is made up of proteins and rRNA, is where translation happens. The mRNA's instructions are read during translation, and tRNA then transports the appropriate structure of a protein to the ribosome. rRNA then facilitates the formation of links seen between amino acids, resulting in a polypeptide chain. To create the finished protein, a polypeptide chain may go through additional processing after being created.
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Blo 182 in assignments the artificial selection of which organisms was useful for darwin to come up the term natural selection?
When Darwin returned to England aboard the HMS Beagle after his voyage to the Galapagos Islands, he used artificial selection to help gather data to justify his theory of evolution. After studying the finches on the islands, Darwin moved to raising birds, notably pigeons, back home to test his theories.
What, according to Darwin, is artificial selection?Artificial selection is the discovery of desirable qualities in plants and animals by humans, as well as the procedures taken to improve and maintain such traits in future generations.
They may adjust an organism's properties by choosing which creatures were permitted to reproduce. . Darwin referred to this form of alteration in organisms as artificial selection.
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On a blood smear slide prepared using wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a u-shaped nucleus and pale-blue cytoplasm. this cell is most likely a(n) __________.
If on a blood smear slide prepared using wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a u-shaped nucleus and pale-blue cytoplasm, then this cell is most likely a monocyte.
What is a monocyte?A monocyte is a blood cell ( a white blood cell) that plays a fundamental role in immune responses by protecting the body and eliminating pahtogenic harmful entities such as viruses and microorganisms such as bacteria.
In conclusion, if on a blood smear slide prepared using wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a u-shaped nucleus and pale-blue cytoplasm, then this cell is most likely a monocyte.
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