The chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is GABA and the chief excitatory neurotransmitter is Glutamate.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid that serves as the central nervous system's main inhibitory neurotransmitter (CNS). By preventing nerve transmission, it works to lower neuronal excitability. When GABA attaches to the GABA receptor protein in your brain, it exerts a relaxing effect. Anxiety, worry, and fear can all be relieved with the use of this. The most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and central nervous system is glutamate. You require it to maintain optimal brain function. Glutamate has a significant impact on how learning and memory are shaped. Glutamate must be present at the proper concentrations, locations, and times.
The main distinction between glutamate and GABA is that L-glutamic acid decarboxylase produces GABA from glutamate.
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Is natural immunity better than vaccine-acquired immunity?
Answer: I hope this helps I had no idea
Explanation:
I don’t really know but I have always heard natural is better but with natural immunity you have to keep up with a vitamin which you dispose of during the day vaccine immunity will stay in your body longer
Characteristics that are genetically transferred from parents to their offspring are said to be a product of.
Characteristics that are genetically transferred from parents to their offspring are said to be a product of heredity.
The transfer of traits from one generation to the next is known as heredity, also known as inheritance or biological inheritance. Whether through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic make-up of their parents. Variations between people can accumulate through genetics and lead to the natural selection-driven evolution of species. Genetics is the study of heredity in biology. It is well acknowledged that DNA, a molecule that conveys genetic information, is a significant carrier of heritable traits. DNA is a lengthy polymer that contains four types of interchangeable bases. The entire set of characteristics that can be observed in an organism's structure and behavior is referred to as its phenotype.
These traits are the outcome of the interplay between the genotype and the environment.
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Within eukaryotic cells, which organelle is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis?
Within eukaryotic cells, Nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis.
Nucleus- In terms of genomics, a nucleus is the organelle inside a cell that is membrane-enclosed and houses the chromosomes. The nuclear membrane has a variety of pores that enable the selective transit of certain molecules (such proteins and nucleic acids) from and to the nucleus.
Genomics- In order to understand the structure and function of these sequences and of the ensuing biological products, genomics is the study of all or a portion of an organism's genetic or epigenetic sequence information.
Protein Synthesis- The primary process by which amino acids are disposed of is protein synthesis.
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Can you tell three lines about the following words
1- Nutritionist
2- Psychologist
3- Osteologist
4- Geneticist
Nutritionists typically work with individuals or populations to teach them more about general nutrition, food and health.
Can you tell three lines about the following words
1- Nutritionist:
The Nutritionist is a person who advises other people on the matter of food and nutrition and also the impacts on the life of the peoples. Some people specialize in particular subjects like sports, food, public health and animal and in many others subjects.
2- Psychologist:
A psychologist is a person who practices the psychology and other mental healths which relates with the emotional behaviour of the patient. Their work usually includes the experiments, interpretation and many other things.
3- Osteologist:
Osteologist is a person which study about the bones. The osteologist is the sub discipline of anatomy, anthropology, and paleontology. It is that study in which the student learns about the deep study in bones.
4- Geneticist:
The Geneticist is that kind of study in which the student learns about the genetics, heredity, the science of genes and variation of organism. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer.
So we can conclude that: Nutritionists typically work with individuals or populations to teach them more about general nutrition, food and health.
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When a person is in a state of fear, the hormone epinephrine is released. This stimulates the activation of energy-generating catabolic pathways in order to provide the body with energy for a response to danger. How would that be helpful to a person who encounters a lion?.
The release of the hormone epinephrine will be helpful to a person who encounters a lion because it will lead to the supply of more energy to the muscles in the body and increased blood supply due to which the person can run away from the place of danger to a safe place.
The adrenal gland is a part of the endocrine system of the body.
It consists of two parts- the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones- adrenaline/epinephrine and noradrenaline/norepinephrine.
These hormones are released in response to any stressful situation and during emergency conditions, so they are called emergency hormones or hormones of Fight or Flight.
These hormones have the following effects on the body:-
They increase alertness.
They increase the heartbeat, the strength of contraction of the heart, and also the respiratory rate.
They also stimulate the activation of energy-generating catabolic pathways.
The above-mentioned effects help a person to escape a stressful situation.
Thus, the release of the hormone epinephrine will be helpful to a person who encounters a lion because it will lead to the supply of more energy to the muscles in the body and increased blood supply due to which the person can run away from the place of danger to a safe place.
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During transcription, rna polymerase synthesizes ______ from a(n) ______ template.
During transcription, rna polymerase synthesizes RNA strand from a(n) DNA template.
What is transcription?Transcription is a classic event in molecular biology in which the DNA is transcribed to mRNA.
Transcription is an important event mentioned in central dogma of molecular biology. It is from transcription, translation (synthesis) of proteins is possible.
Transcription occurs at specific site in the cell. In prokaryotes, transcription takes place in cytoplasm whereas in eukaryotes, nucleus is the site for transcription.
Transcription involves three main steps:
Initiation - Binding of an enzyme RNA polymerase at the promoter region initiates the process of transcription. Thus, an mRNA strand is produced from a DNA sequence.Elongation - Specific nucleotides are added to this mRNA strand through complementary base pairing (A-U, C-G).Termination - RNA polymerase comes across a termination sequence in a gene and stops the process.After transcription, processing of mRNA is carried out so that it becomes mature and fully functional for translation process.
Therefore, transcription is important in copying information from DNA sequences for the correct synthesis of proteins.
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Each peroid of the periodic table begins on the left with a:
very active metal
metalloid
rare-earth metal
Answer:
Rare Earth medals
Explanation:
How does the structure of the plasma membrane depend on the amphiphilic (means both hydrophobic and hydrophilic) nature of phospholipids?
The amphiphilic molecules arrange themselves into a bilayer, with their hydrophilic phosphate-containing heads facing the water on each side of the membrane and their hydrophobic tails directed towards the center, avoiding water.
A phospholipid is a lipid composed of two fatty acid tails, glycerol and a phosphate-linked head group. Biological membranes typically have two phospholipid layers with their tails pointing inward, a configuration known as a phospholipid bilayer.
The primary material of the plasma membrane is composed of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer. They are amphipathic, which means they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, making them ideal for this role.
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Select the correct answer.
In a lab, a group of students measured the temperature at which various substances boiled. Their results are listed in the table.
Accepted Value (°C) Measurement in Lab (°C)
seawater 100.7 101.8
mercury 359.6 370.0
jet fuel 163.0 165.9
ethanol (alcohol) 78.4 81.8
Which measurement has the highest percent error?
seawater
mercury
jet fuel
ethanol
ethanol has maximum 4.3% error in the sample
Equation for percent error = (Measurement value - accepted value)/accepted value x100
for seawater :
Accepted Value 100.7 101.8
percent error = 101.8-100.7 ÷ 100.7 × 100
= 1.09%
for mercury :
Accepted Value 359.6 Measurement value 370.0
percent error = 370.0 - 359.6 ÷ 359.6 × 100
= 2.89%
for jet fuel :
Accepted Value 163.0 Measurement value 165.9
percent error = 165.9 - 163.0 ÷ 163.0 × 100
= 1.77%
for ethanol (alcohol) :
Accepted Value 78.4 Measurement value 81.8
percent error = 81.8 - 78.4 ÷ 78.4 × 100
= 4.3%
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A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme. A polar amino acid was changed to a nonpolar amino acid. What is a likely result of this mutation?.
Answer:
A mutation occurred in the gene that encodes the enzyme sucrase, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the active site of the enzyme. A polar amino acid was changed to a nonpolar amino acid. The result of this mutation sucrase will not be ale to bind in the active site.
Explanation:
A digestive enzyme known as sucrase catalyzes the breakdown of sucrose into its component sugars, both glucose plus fructose. One kind, sucrase-isomaltase, which is secreted at the brush boundary of the small intestine. A condition known as congenital sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency impairs a person's capacity to digest particular sugars. The carbohydrates sucrose and maltose could not be broken down by those who have this disease.
Which foods include sucrose?
Vegetables and fruits contain sucrose, which is extracted from the sugarcane and used in food manufacturing and cooking. Sugar cane , grapes, oranges, beets, as well as other vegetables and foods all usually have the same amount of sucrose as the sugar inside the sugar bowl. Components for other sugars.
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The bone that is situated next to the eardrum is called the __________; the bone that sits next to the oval window is called the __________.
The bone that is situated next to the eardrum is called the malleus.
The bone that sits next to the oval window is called the stapes.
Given,
The bone that is situated next to the eardrum is called the __________; the bone that sits next to the oval window is called the __________.
We need to fill in the blanks.
What are eardrums and their parts?The eardrum is a transparent gray membrane and there is a middle ear
bone called the malleus attached to the center part of the drum.
The space inside the ear drum is called the middle ear.
The three smallest bones of the body are found in the middle ear.
They are:
- The hammer (malleus)
It is attached to the eardrum.
- The anvil (incus)
It is in the middle of the chain of bones.
- The Stirrup (stapes)
It is attached to the membrane-covered opening that connects the middle ear with the inner ear (oval window)
Thus
The bone that is situated next to the eardrum is called the malleus.
The bone that sits next to the oval window is called the stapes.
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The cells in the nervous system that handle information processing are called? specialty cells. blood cells. synapses. neurons.
Option D: The cells in the nervous system that handle information processing are called neurons.
Nerve cells, often called neurons, are the building blocks of the nervous system. They interact with the information and transfer this information along various distances through electrical impulses. The nervous system is generally made up of two types of cells: nerve cells and glial cells. Glial cells are the supporting system of neurons. The nervous system is broadly divided into two categories:
The central nervous system (CNS) contains the brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) contains neurons and their parts such as sensory neurons and motor neurons.
Analysis of the information brought in by sensory neurons is done in CNS while PNS works as transportation for these signals from one neuron to another. Motor neurons carry the signals out of the CNS after analysis.
Information processing in the nervous system is handled by neurons or their parts like interneurons that connect one neuron to another in the CNS. These signals are then transferred by motor neurons to respond to stimuli.
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Transport proteins (transporters) require energy expenditure for each molecule of substrate transported. the reason for this energy requirement is?
Transport proteins (transporters) require energy expenditure for each molecule of substrate transported. the reason for this energy requirement is option(a) i.e, the solute must be transported against a concentration gradient.
Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins, which means they span the membrane across which they transport things and remain there permanently. Through enhanced diffusion or active transport, the proteins may aid the movement of molecules. Transport proteins that participate in assisted diffusion include channel proteins, gated channel proteins, and carrier proteins.
Transport proteins enable everything from nerve impulses to cellular metabolism by transferring molecules across membranes. For instance, the sodium-potassium gradient that causes our nerves to fire would not exist without transport proteins.
The cell membrane contains transport proteins that enable the selective transit of particular molecules from the surrounding environment. Each transport protein recognizes a particular molecule only (indicated by matching colors).
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The complete question is:
Transport proteins (transporters) require energy expenditure for each molecule of substrate transported. The reason for this energy requirement is __________.
A) the solute must be transported against a concentration gradient
B) the solute must be forced through the hydrophobic membrane
C) the conformational shape of the solute must be changed during transport
D) the solute must be chemically altered
What sentence represents a hypothesis?
Answer:
2
Explanation:
A hypothesis uses "IF" and "THEN"
Why do scientists use diamonds to help them gain understanding of the
conditions inside the Earth?
Your answer
* 1 point
Answer:
Scientists use Diamonds instead of other Metals or Non-Metals to help them gain understanding of the conditions inside the Earth as Diamond is the hardest material discovered in this world so far. Its Melting Point and Boiling Point is extremely high, which explains why it doesn't melt when in contact with Lava.
Lant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create atp.
Lant cells have two energy-related organelles Chloroplast, harness light energy to create sugars and Mitochondria, break down these sugars to create ATP.
Chloroplast- The primary process for converting solar radiation energy into chemical energy that organisms may use takes place in chloroplasts. As a result, they make up around 50% of the protein in leaves, and the chloroplast's ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase is by far the most prevalent protein on Earth.
Mitochondria- The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular). Adenosine triphosphate, a tiny molecule, serves as a storage container for the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP).
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Complete the following sentence.
Humorism is the idea that health is maintained by keeping four fluids in the body in balance. The four “humors” are: yellow bile, black bile, blood, and
.
Phlegm i think this is the correct answer hopefully this helps
How do the upper layers receive nourishment if epithelial tissues are not vascular?
The avascularity of epithelial tissues is almost complete. For example, no blood arteries may get through the basement membrane to enter the tissue, therefore nutrients must be absorbed or diffused from the surface or underlying tissues.
What is Epithelial tissue ?The epithelium is a type of body tissue that covers all of the internal and exterior body surfaces, lines hollow organs and body cavities, and makes up the majority of glandular tissue.
Epithelial tissue has three main purposes: acting as a barrier of protection, secreting chemicals, and absorbing substances. The primary function of particular tissues varies depending on the location and cell type. Goblet cells and stratified epithelium commonly form protective barriers.Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and simple pseudostratified are the four main classes of simple epithelium.Learn more about Epithelial tissue here:
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How fight or flight response, predator warnings (mimicry), protection of young and avoidance responses can trigger behavior between organisms.
Anti-predator variations are mechanisms advanced thru evolution that help prey organisms of their consistent warfare towards predators.
Mimicry happens while one species of animal (the mimic) resembles every other species that has without problems recognizable characteristics (the model) and as a end result deceives a capacity predator (the dupe) that could in any other case seize and devour it.
Vegetation and herbal items so that it will guard themselves from predators, known as as protecting mimicry. Predatory animals mimic a few herbal item in order that their prey get pressured and is without problems attacked or caught.Mimicry is an edition that creatures have that makes them mimic different dwelling things. Camouflage is an edition that creatures use to cover themselves from different creatures through mixing into their environment.
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In studies of disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs, one searches each pair for __________________, focusing on those areas of dna that are thought to be involved in the disorder
In studies of disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs, one searches each pair for epigenetic differences.
What is DNA?The DNA is the genetic material that is found in human beings. The DNA of a person contains the information that could be passed on from parents to the offspring and this is the basis of inheritance.
In studies of disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs, one searches each pair for epigenetic differences , focusing on those areas of DNA that are thought to be involved in the disorder.
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Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______. select all that apply.
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a cell wall.
Cell walls are a protective layer that is rigid and only partially permeable on some types of cells. This outer layer is located near the cell membrane in the majority of plant cells as well as those of fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea (plasma membrane).
Animal cells, however, do not have a cell wall. The cell wall of a cell performs a number of essential functions, including support, construction, and defence.
Depending on the organism, the cell wall's makeup varies. The vast majority of a plant's cell wall is made up of sturdy cellulose fibres. Cellulose, a substance used in the production of paper, is found in large quantities in both wood and cotton fibre. The walls of bacterial cells are composed of a polymer of sugar and amino acids called peptididoglycan.
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The cardiac cycle consists of alternate periods of emptying and filling, also called?
Cardiac cycle consists of alternate periods of emptying and filling also called systolic phase.
What is emptying and filling phase in cardiac cycle?
Systole typically refers to Ventricular systole, during which the ventricles are pumping blood out of the heart through the aorta and pulmonary veins. The ventricles are filled with blood in two stages - diastole and atrial systole . In diastole , both the atria and the ventricles are relaxed.
Systolic phase describes the period that starts when the heart is maximum filled with blood and then ejected from the ventricle to the aorta .
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Function of the kreb's cycle is to? a. remove hydrogen ions and transfer them to coenzymes b. transfer a hydrogen to an acetyl group c. degrade glucose d. produce carbon dioxid
Function of the Krebs cycle is to (a) remove hydrogen ions and transfer them to coenzymes.
Krebs cycle is also called the Citric acid cycle or the TCA cycle. It occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. It is an important cycle of the aerobic respiration that functions to provide energy to the cells. The energy released is in the form of NADH, FADH₂ and GTP.
Coenzymes are the organic molecules that aid in the catalysis process to the enzymes. They bind to the active site of the enzymes. These are not proteinaceous in structure. The examples of coenzymes are NAD, NADP and FAD.
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To sterilize the nutrient broth and nutrient agar, the tubes and bottles are __________.
The tubes and bottles are autoclaved in order to sterilize the nutrient broth and nutrient agar.
What do you mean by sterilize?To rid (something or someone) of all live microbes in order to make it sterile (as by the use of steam or dry heat) Use an autoclave to sterilize surgical instruments. to surgically sterilize cats and dogs in order to remove their reproductive ability.
How do we sterilize?Combining heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration can result in sterilization. Examples include the use of steam under pressure, dry heat, UV radiation, gas vapor sterilant, chlorine dioxide gas, etc.
What makes sterilization important?To stop the spread of diseases linked to the usage of an object, sterilization eliminates all bacteria on its surface or in its fluid.
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In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:_____.
In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system controls the functions when an individual is at rest.
Sympathetic nervous system controls the body's fight or fright response. This means it is functional when the body undergoes some stress, danger or excitement. The hormones associated with it are epinephrine and nor-epinephrine.
Parasympathetic nervous system controls all the activities that relax the body. These functions include digestion, breathing, lacrimation, etc. The chemical released during this response is acetylcholine. Acetylcholine can bind to two types of receptors: nicotinic receptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
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how many kinds of waves are there?
Answer:
There are two main waves; transverse and longitudinal. Transverse waves are like the waves we see in the ocean when we are at the beach. Longitudinal waves consist of sound, but different. Longitudinal waves have more complex properties than sound waves. They follow a consistent pattern of compressions and rarefactions within a(consistent) medium.
In-case you wonder what a medium is, a medium is the substance that carries the wave. Remember that it only transports the wave, and it plays no part in actually making the wave. When waves crash, the particles within the medium are disturbed, so they carry/pass on the disturbance to keep the wave's pattern consistent.
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A good or "valid" experiment will only have blank independent variable that you will test.
A good or "valid" experiment will only have one independent variable that you will test.
In the field of research, an independent variable is the one that can be changed and the effects of these changes are studied. An independent variable is a variable that is not varied by other variables. A dependent variable is one that gets affected by the changes in the independent variable.
It is important that one independent variable be studied at a time in order to produce accurate results a study. If we study more than one variable in a single experiment, then we won't be able to analyze which independent variable was responsible for producing a change. Hence, in order to accurately study the effects of an independent variable, it is good that only one variable is studied in an experiment.
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The ratio of density of a mineral to that of freshwater is called the mineral's ______.
Relative density is the ratio of density of a mineral to the density of freshwater.
What is density?
The substance's mass per unit of volume is known as its density (or specific mass). Density is most frequently represented by the symbol ρ (the lower-case Greek letter rho). Its unit is kg/m³
Relative density is the ratio of density of a mineral to the density of freshwater. It's a dimensionless and unitless constant. It depends on the material.
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Which type of stroke correlates with the clinical manifestations of a severe headache?
Hemorrhagic stroke is a type of stroke correlates with the clinical manifestations of a severe headache.
Hemorrhagic stroke- The term "hemorrhage" also refers to bleeding, which is the loss of blood. Internal bleeding is when it occurs within the body, while external bleeding is when it happens outside the body.
Severe headache- The agony of a migraine headache is frequently characterized as throbbing and hammering. They typically occur one to four times each month and can last anywhere from four hours to three days. Along with the discomfort, individuals also have additional symptoms including sensitivity to light, sound, or scents; nausea or vomiting; appetite loss; and an upset stomach or pain in the abdomen.
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Who/or what can fix melting polar ice caps????
Answer:
Scientist says giant walls and cooling tunnels may be the best ways to save polar ice.
Explanation:
For years, scientists have been exploring ways to save the vast sheets of ice covering Greenland and Antarctica, which as the climate warms are melting and falling into the ocean.
Answer:
humans can fix it if we stopped using so many polutants to the air and cause climate change but really the savior would be trees because they produce fresh air so if we plant or let the earth grow then it would go back to normal.
Explanation:
cuz