Free volume in a polymer is the portion of the total mass that is not occupied by the polymer chains themselves, allowing for the placement of diffusing molecules.
It is typically understood to refer to the spaces or pores between polymer strands. Instead, it is thought that the amorphous polymer reaches its glass transition temperature at about 100°C, and that when temperature rises, the gradual transition from a semirubbery formation to the liquid state occurs. Thermal expansion causes free volume to rise to a certain level, at which point the backbone is liberated and the polymer changes into a rubber or leather.
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The geological time scale shows the history of the Earth using information we've gathered from fossils. It is divided into different eras. How are each era divided?
A. By using relative dating
B. By using the Law of Superposition
C. By changes in biodiversity
D. By every 5 billion years
please explain why you those this answer
By using relative dating it is divided into different eras. The correct option is A.
What is relative dating?Without knowing the exact ages of the rocks or geologic events, or how long ago they were formed, relative dating is the process of establishing whether one rock or geologic event is older or younger than another.
Relative dating techniques determine whether an object is more recent or more antiquated than other items discovered nearby.
Relative dating does not provide precise dates; rather, it merely shows which item, fossil, or stratigraphic stratum is older.
The Earth's history is depicted on the geological time scale using data we've learned from fossils. It is separated into various eras by relative dating.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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a radial body form with radial symmetry is most likely to be found in a_________.
A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in option b.) a predator that drifts through the ocean.
Any plane that passes through the center of the body divides it into two equal halves, which is a characteristic of radial symmetry. Echinodermata and the Phylum Porifera both exhibit this kind of symmetry. They are animals with radial symmetry (which is symmetry around a central axis so that the organism can be divided into similar halves by any plane that contains the main axis). Therefore, choice B is right.
Animals that are radially symmetrical have a top and a bottom but no front or rear or obvious left and right sides. These creatures frequently have unlimited range of motion. Comparable species with bilateral symmetry include people, seals, and whales, which typically move forward or backward and have clearly defined front, back, right, and left.
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Complete question is:
A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in...
a.) a chordate that is a prey animal
b.) a predator that drifts through the ocean
c.) an animal that burrows through soil
d.) an animal that is an herbivore
e.) an animal with cephalization.
What DNA shape did James Watson get the Nobel Prize for?
James Crick and James Watson are able to develop their famed 2 different, or double-helix, theory thanks to Franklin's photographs.
What is Rna and what does it do?The information component is DNA. It contains data needed to make proteins, which are several other big molecules. These commands are dispersed across 46 lengthy chromosome structures that are found within each of your cells. These chromosomal are composed of many smaller Plasmid dna,
Where does DNA reside?cell cytosolThe majority of DNA is found in the cell nuclei (where it is known as nuclear DNA), but there is also a tiny bit of DNA in the organelles . Parts of the cell called mitochondria transform the energy from meals into a state that cells can utilize.
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studying finches in the galapagos islands, peter and rosemary grant found that beak sizes became larger between 1976 and 1978. this change over time is a result of:
Between the two years, the population shrank by over 82%. The population's average beak depth appears to be approximately 9.6-9.7 mm in 1976, and only slightly more than 10mm in 1978.
The 1977 drought killed out a large number of finches. The restricted seed supply quickly ran out, leaving only huge seeds that were difficult for small-beaked birds to split open. As a result, birds with larger beaks fared better than birds with smaller beaks.
Finches developed on the Galapagos Islands based on diverse food sources: long, pointed beaks for snatching insects, while broad, blunt beaks for cracking seeds and nuts.
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anything that has mass and volume is blank
Answer:
matter
Explanation:
In science, matter is defined as anything that has mass and volume. Both mass and volume also measure different aspects of matter.
Mass: the amount of matter in some object
Volume: the 3-dimensional space occupied by matter
A researcher uses imaging tools to determine that a bacterial cell is 1 micrometer in diameter. For this measurement to be accurate, what must be true? A. It must be repeated multiple times. B. It must contain the fewest possible significant figures. OC. It must be close to the actual value. D. It must be made using very small units.
A researcher uses imaging tools to determine that a bacterial cell is 1 micrometer in diameter. For this measurement to be accurate, the measurement must be made using very small units. Thus, the correct option is D.
What are measurements?Measurement is the quantification of different attributes of an object or any event, which can be used to compare with the other different objects or events.
Measurement is a process of determining how the large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a reference quantity of the same kind. These quantities are measured in units. The small measurements like diameter of a cell should be measured through using very small units.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna
Answer:
olecranon fossa
Explanation:
The olecranon fossa is located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna.
A student notices that the fish in his saltwater aquarium have begun to get sick. He checks the aquarium and finds that the water's
salinity is at 37 parts per thousand (ppt), which is too high. The student adjusts the salinity to 32 ppt, which is the ideal value for his
aquarium. By how much did the student change the water's salinity?
0.86 ppt
5 ppt
69 ppt
1,443 ppt
If a student notices that the fish in his saltwater aquarium have begun to get sick. The amount that the student change the water's salinity is 5 ppt.
How to find the water salinity?Using this formula to find the amount that the student change the water's salinity
Change of water salinity = High water salinity - Adjusted salinity
Let plug in the formula
Change of water salinity = 37 ppt - 32 ppt
Change of water salinity = 5 ppt
There the student changed the water's salinity by 5 ppt.
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the ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body’s fluid levels.
The pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate the body’s fluid levels.
Pituitary gland is a very small-sized endocrine gland present at the base of the brain. It is divided into two segments: anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The hormones secreted by pituitary are involved in controlling other endocrine glands. The hormones secreted from pituitary are: luteinizing hormone, oxytocin. vasopressin, Growth hormone, prolactin, etc.
Hormones are the chemical messengers that are released by parts of the body called endocrine glands. The hormones are released directly into the blood stream and regulate various functions of the body. The example of hormones are: insulin, growth hormone, glucagon, oxytocin, testosterone, etc.
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Hey student examines the globe shown in the picture what are two benefits of using this globe as a model of earth
Two benefits of using this globe as a model of the earth are that it gives a visual representation and also gives the accurate proportions of the earth, which help scientists and students understand the earth.
What is the significance of the globe as an earth model?A globe provides an accurate representation of the earth, such as the relative sizes of land masses and oceans, and helps people understand the earth, while a globe provides a visual representation of the earth's shape, size, and geographical features, too.
Hence, two benefits of using this globe as a model of the earth are that it gives a visual representation and also gives the accurate proportions of the earth, which help scientists and students understand the earth.
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Which of the following statements about color processing is correct?a. DNA RNAThe location of the cytoplasm of the nucleusb. DNA RNAStructure of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, nitrogenous basec. DNA RNAFunctions of protein synthesis Protein synthesis and degradationd. DNA RNALevels affected by protein synthesis activity were not affected by protein synthesis activity
All of the claims made about colour processing are false. The claims have nothing to do with colour processing and instead deal with DNA and RNA, protein synthesis, and protein synthesis activity.
The process by which the visual system recognises and understands colour information from the environment is known as colour processing. The beginning of the process is when light enters the eye; this light has various wavelengths that correlate to various colours. Cones are specialised retinal cells that are responsible for detecting these wavelengths. We can see a broad variety of colours because there are three separate types of cones, each of which is sensitive to a different range of wavelengths. Different neural circuits in the brain process the cone impulses, enabling humans to recognise varying colours, saturation, and brightness. A crucial and intricate component of eyesight that affects how we see the world around us is colour processing.
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the genetic foundation of a particular phenotype that includes contributions of dna from both parents. state of true or false.
1. true
2. false
if you crossed a true-breeding yellow-seed plant (aa) with a heterozygous yellow-seed plant (aa), offspring what would you expect? (aa) individuals would be green.
The offspring of a cross between a true-breeding yellow-seed plant (AA) and a heterozygous yellow-seed plant (Aa) would be expected to produce a 1:1 ratio of yellow-seeded and green-seeded plants.
The true-breeding yellow-seed plant (AA) is homozygous for the dominant allele (A) that codes for yellow seeds, while the heterozygous yellow-seed plant (Aa) is carrying one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a) for the same gene.
When the two plants are crossed, each offspring will receive one allele from each parent, resulting in half of the offspring having the genotype AA (yellow seeds) and half having the genotype Aa (yellow seeds).
The recessive allele (a) codes for green seeds, and when it is present in the heterozygous Aa genotype, it will be expressed and result in green-seeded plants. Therefore, the offspring of this cross would be expected to have a 1:1 ratio of yellow-seeded (AA and Aa) and green-seeded (aa) plants.
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why do germinating seeds undergo cellular respiration
Cells can convert available nutrient materials in to the energy through cellular respiration processes. As seeds germinate, cellular respiration takes place because seeds need energy to grow and develop.
In the process of cellular respiration, which occurs in germination seeds, this same carbon dioxide released is directly inversely proportional to the oxygen absorbed by the seed. The calcium carbonate (solid) that results from this reaction between the carbon dioxide and CaO lowers the volume of fuel in the tube as well as permits the water to rise. To get the energy they require to grow and develop, pea seeds go through cell respiration. Sugars are metabolised within cells to produce energy through a process known as respiration. In the seeds, structures referred to as cotyledons house the respired sugars.
(Why do germinating seeds undergo cellular respiration?)
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How might distributions of mosquito-transmitted diseases, such as malaria or west nile virus, be influenced by human activity and climate change over the next 50-100 years?
According to studies, rising temperatures brought on by climate change can hasten mosquito growth, biting rates, and virus illness incubation.
Long-distance viral movement may shift as a result of how climate change affects bird nesting and migratory timing. Illnesses that are transmitted by a mosquito bite are referred to as mosquito-borne diseases. Mosquitoes can transmit the Zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue, as well as malaria to humans. Both employers and employees should take precautions against illnesses that mosquitoes carry. In contrast to West Nile virus, which is a single-stranded RNA infection that infects West Nile fever, plasmodium is a mosquito-borne illness brought on by Plasmodium parasites. West Nile disease and malaria are both spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes.
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13.
14.
12-18. Fill in the missing terms in the chart below: il Snustu out to asm.loidini og
Major Event(s) of Stage
production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary
(15)
12.
Menstrual Cycle Stage
2. Ovulation (16)
omnior gaiv
word Bank.
"Menstruation.
Follicular Phase
Luteal Phase.
Corpus luteum
Progesterone.
Follicles.
called
enlarging follicle produces estrogen which causes the
uterus to get ready for embryo implantation (thickens its
lining)
--
yellow tissue fills the follicle after ovulation
-- called the
(17) "yellow
body" -- secretes the hormone
(18) which maintains the thickness of the uterine lining,
thus readying the uterus for pregnancy
olov- periodic shedding of the thickened lining of the uterus
which occurs if fertilization does not occur
2
The production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary is called Follicles. Progesterone is called enlarging follicle produces estrogen which causes the uterus to get ready for embryo implantation (thickens its lining).
What is Menstruation?Menstruation is defined as the menstrual cycle of a person which involves the shedding of endometrium which is the lining of the uterus that occurs throughout the reproductive life of a person.
Corpus luteum is called the "yellow body" which secretes the hormone which is the yellow tissue fills the follicle after ovulation. When the egg is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed during menstruation. The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days.
Thus, the production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary is called Follicles.
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what happens to the chromosomes during metaphase? are there two copies or a single copy of each chromosome?
During metaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell and there two copies of each chromosomes.
There are two copies of each chromosome, also known as sister chromatids, held together at the centromere. The centrosomes, which are located at the poles of the cell, create the mitotic spindle that helps to pull the sister chromatids apart. As the sister chromatids align at the equator, the kinetochores on the centromere attach to the spindle fibers.
As the cell progresses through metaphase, the sister chromatids remain connected until the cell undergoes anaphase. During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This process of separation creates two identical sets of chromosomes, which will be used to create two daughter cells.
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Silverswords had no tree and shrub competitors prior to recent human ecological disturbance to the Hawaiian Islands. Descended from a tarweed ancestor that evolved in an environment with many tree and shrub species, its arrival on the islands represented a(n) _______because of a(n)_______.
opportunity, lack of competition. Silvers words had no tree and shrub competitors prior to recent human ecological disturbance to the Hawaiian Islands. Descended from a tarweed.
ancestor that evolved in an environment with many tree and shrub species, its arrival on the islands represented a(n) opportunity because of a(n) lack of competition. Due to a lack of competition, the advent of the silverswords on the Hawaiian Islands provided an opportunity. The silverswords, which derived from a tarweed progenitor that developed in an ecosystem with numerous tree and shrub species, discovered a new habitat with little to no competition from other trees and shrubs on the islands. Because there was no competition, the silverswords were able to prosper and adapt to their new environment. The recent human ecological disturbance to the Hawaiian Islands, however, has transformed the terrain, and the silverswords now confront additional problems as they fight for resources with invasive plant species.
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True or False? rna catalysis can be selected in laboratory experiments.
True, RNA catalysis can be chosen in lab experiments.It was unexpected to find catalytic RNA because, at first glance, RNA doesn't seem like it would make a good catalyst.
The discovery nearly thirty years ago that RNA can catalyze reactions with abilities comparable to protein enzymes disproved a core biological tenet that RNA serves only as a simple carrier molecule between DNA and proteins.
The active role of RNA as a biological catalyst is seen in the catalytic core of the ribosome and spliceosome, as well as the self-splicing of group I and group II introns. These discoveries, combined with RNA's inherent ability to function as both an effective information carrier and a useful macromolecule, prompted the concept of an RNA world.
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Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid 1800s.A. a cells have nucleiB. All cells can arise from spontaneous generation***C. All cells originate from preexisting cells***D. The cell is the fundamental unit of all life***E. All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell theory, which was developed in the middle of the nineteenth century are All life's basic building block is the cell. Cells make up every living thing on earth. Existing cells are the source of all new cells.
What does the "3 Modern Cell Theory" entail?Three fundamental concepts underlie modern cell theory: There are cells in every living thing. The only cells that can exist are other cells (the principle of biogenesis). Inorganic organisms, cells serve as the basic building blocks for both structure and function.
The cell wall has three levels, what are they?The middle lamella, the secondary cell wall, and the primary cell wall are the three main layers into which these parts are arranged (not pictured). The cell wall offers tensile strength and protection to the cell and encloses the plasma membrane.
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protein complementarity is the practice of combining sources of protein such that amino acid deficiencies in one source are counterbalanced by abundances in another source.
Protein complementation is when you combine two vegetable proteins to get all 9 amino acids that are essential for your body.
In general , main protein sources are grains and legumes they are also known as complementary proteins sources reason is when these two are combined they will provide all of the essential amino acids. Like wise Nuts and seeds are also considered as complementary to legumes because they contain important amino acid like tryptophan, methionine, and cystine.
Hence , Mutual supplementation is term used when we combine two or more lacking protein sources to make a complete protein. Examples includes Lentils or legumes combined with grains, nuts or dairy also Grain foods with dairy products.
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why are colonies important in the study of microbiology?
Colonies are very important in the study of microbiology as they allow us to identify the microorganisms.
A colony is basically what we call a group of microbes which are derived from the same mother cell. This basically means that one single mother cell reproduces in order to produce a group of cells that are genetically identical and this group of genetically identical cells form a mass, which is called a colony.
The morphology of these colonies are able to give scientists information regarding how a particular microbe which has replicated into a group that are sharing the same genes. Studying a particular colony microbes aids the microbiologists in identifying the microbe.
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regions of the brain where neural activity is momentarily relatively high (i.e., where neurons are firing a lot, processing incoming information and/or actions) are characterized by:
Regions of the brain where neural activity is momentarily relatively high are characterized by increased regional blood flow.
Аlthough the humаn brаin аccounts for only аbout 2% of the body weight, it consumes neаrly 20% of the oxygen we extrаct from the аir we breаthe. This dependence of the brаin on oxygen is highlighted by the fаct thаt fаilure of oxygen delivery to the brаin, usuаlly the result of а stoppаge of the heаrt, results in unconsciousness within seconds. Аn exаminаtion of the relаtionship between oxygen delivery to the brаin аnd flowing blood regionаlly within the highlights the nаture of this dependency.
The signаl used by PET to mаp chаnges in neurаl аctivity in the humаn brаin is bаsed on locаl chаnges in blood flow). Increаsed neurаl аctivity in а locаl brаin region increаses blood flow in thаt region.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full options were
A. increased regional blood flow
B. decreased cerebrospinal fluid production
C. a high degree of myelination
D. greater concentrations of proteins
E. postsynaptic depression
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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beta-sheets are a type of secondary structure and are found in every protein. T/F
Not every protein contains beta-sheet secondary structure. Proteins can have a variety of secondary structures such as alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and turns. The type of secondary structure present in a protein depends on the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.
(False)
Key points:
Beta-sheet is a type of secondary structure in proteins, along with alpha-helices.Beta-sheets are composed of beta-strands, which are extended chains of amino acids.Beta-strands are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the nitrogen of another amino acid several residues down the chain.Beta-sheets can be formed between beta-strands running parallel or antiparallel to each other.Beta-sheets contribute to the overall three-dimensional structure of proteins, helping to give the protein its specific shape and stability.Not all proteins contain beta-sheet secondary structure, as the type of secondary structure depends on the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.Beta-sheets play a role in protein-protein interactions, and can also participate in the formation of beta-sheet-rich aggregates in diseases such as Alzheimer's and prion disorders.Learn more about protein here:
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how do transcription factors and signaling molecules relate to the concepts of autonomous and conditional specification?
Transcription factors as well as signaling molecules play an important role in autonomous and conditional specification as especially conditional specification is dependent on external influences in the determination of the cell fate.
In autonomous specification if a particular blastomere is first removed from an embryo early which is in its development, then that isolated blastomere will be able to produce the same cells which it would have made if it were not removed from the embryo.
Conditional specification basically involves the development of reversible cell fate due to external influences. Transcription factors as well as signaling molecules are the ones which influence a cell's fate during conditional specification.
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cells called transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the tissues and the lungs. true or flase
cells called transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the tissues and the lungs ,is True.
Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and they transport carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.Your tissues use oxygen to make energy and emit carbon dioxide as waste. The carbon dioxide waste is transported to your lungs by your red blood cells, where it is exhaled. Red blood cells transport oxygen from your lungs to your body's tissues. For energy production, your cells utilise oxygen. It takes roughly seven days for red blood cells to properly mature and are then released into the bloodstream from the soft bone tissue (bone marrow) of your body. A protein that enables red blood cells to transport oxygen from your lungs and transfer it to other tissues in your body gives them their vivid red hue (hemoglobin).
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do you really understand meiosis and non-disjunction? try these questions: 1. if an individual has the genotype xxy, did non-disjunction occur in their mother or their father (or both) and at which division(s), meiosis i or meiosis ii?
The genotype of the mother is XX, while that of the father is XY. If a non-disjunction occurred in an individual with the genotype XXX, it would occur in her mother since only from her mother could she acquire two Xs, but from her father, a non-disjunction would result in a XXY.
This non-disjunction occurred during meiosis I, when two copies of the same chromosome are transferred to separate cells. During this phase, the separation of these two chromosomes did not occur since they were both Xs from the mother brought together to the new haploid cell.
The non-disjunction on meiosis II simply indicates that two chromatids from a chromosome did not split and does not result in copies.
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Helpppp please ( protein synthesis test)
The process in the image is translation, which occurs in the ribosomes, the template is a messenger RNA or mRNA while the final product is a protein.
What is the cell process of translation?The cell process of translation refers to the generation of a protein in the ribosomes by using a RNA as template which s called mRNA.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cell process of translation is based on the use of a messenger RNA template to create a protein sequence that will be sued in the cell.
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two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separates proteins on the basis of which two properties?
The traditional technique for separating proteins based on their charge (isoelectric focusing, IEF) and size is called two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE).
A lab procedure called electrophoresis is used to divide DNA, RNA, or protein molecules according to their size and electrical charge. The molecules are moved through a gel or other matrix using an electric current. Smaller molecules can travel more quickly than larger ones thanks to pores in the gel or matrix, which function as a sieve.
The procedure of electrophoresis involves passing a current across a gel that contains the target molecules. Depending on their size and charge, the molecules will flow through the gel in various directions or at various rates, enabling them to be separated from one another.
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the hypothalamus has neurosecretory neurons that produce the hormone
GnRH is produced by neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus.
How do hormones work?Your body uses hormones as chemical messengers. They go to organs or tissues through your circulation. They impact several processes, including growth and development, and work gradually over time. How your body converts food into energy is through metabolism.
How do hormones affect the body?The majority of the hormones that your body produces are produced and released by specialized glands that are part of your endocrine system. An organ that produces hormones, digestive fluids, perspiration, or tears is referred to as a gland. Hormones are directly released into the circulation by endocrine glands.
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