The most a consumer will spend on a supplementary commodity or service is what is known as a marginal benefit.
The correct answer is option c.
It also includes the additional satisfaction or benefit a customer receives by paying for the extra good or service. As usage of the commodity or service increases, the marginal benefit for a consumer tends to decline. Marginal revenue is a term used frequently in the business world to refer to the marginal advantage for producers. =In addition, a marginal advantage is the extra pleasure a customer experiences after purchasing the extra commodity or service.
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for financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of product costs incurred to make 22,000 units?
The total cost of the product was $150,000 ($6.00 + $3.50 + 1.50 = $11.00) (direct materials + direct labour + variable production overhead).
A unit's variable production cost is $11.00.
Units manufactured (b) 22000
$242,000 is the total variable manufacturing cost (a) x (b).
Fixed production costs are $4.00 per unit.
22,000 units were used to establish the fixed cost per unit (d).
$88,000 is the total fixed production cost (c) x (d).
Total product cost equals $150,000 (242,000 + 88,000).
What is the total cost?
The actual costs incurred in producing a specific level of output are known as the Total Cost. In other terms, the term "total cost" refers to the sum of all expenses (cost), both explicit and implicit, incurred on resources to produce a particular level of output. The total cost includes both the fixed cost and the variable cost, which changes depending on the total production (that remains fixed irrespective of the change in the total output). As a result, total cost includes the price of all the components utilised to produce a particular level of output.
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what information do the bias and ts provide to a manager ? how can the manager use this information ?
Tracking signal (TS) and bias provide an estimate whether the forecasting is good or not. If the TS is within a certain range then the forecasting is bias and the manager should analyze further the factors that cause it.
In forecasting, the term bias refers to the historical average inaccuracy. Essentially, will your forecasts be too high (i.e., you overshot demand) or too low (i.e., you undershot demand) on average? This will indicate the general direction of the error.
The bias and TS are calculated to determine whether the forecast regularly over- or under-forecasts.
A tracking signal is an automatic indication of the difference between actual and forecasted sales, inventories, or anything else related to an organization's future demand. It detects and alerts when there are unexpected deviations from forecasted outcomes.
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income is an example of . a. quantitative data b. currency data c. either categorical or quantitative data d. categorical data
An illustration of quantitative data is income.
Income data is it categorical or quantitative?Age, the number of children, and income are only a few examples of quantitative variables. Quantitative variables are sums or counts. Groupings are represented by categorical variables; examples include the sort of pet, agreement level, and shoe brand.
Does income fit the definition of quantitative data?Data that can be quantified includes household income, ZIP code, and the number of children. These are commonly known as demographics.
Is income categorized information?Examples of numerical or quantitative data include height, weight, temperature, GPA, and annual income. Comparatively, categorical data are a sort of qualitative data. Examples include things like name, qualification, and hair color.
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what is created when one company is able to supply all the goods or services needed by the marketplace?
Explanation:
customer relationship
how might strongly defined economic roles and goals be both a strength and a weakness of traditional economies?
Because everyone is focused on achieving the primary aim of survival, a society with well defined roles and objectives may be stronger than others. So, there are no disagreements among community members.
Which one most accurately sums up a traditional economy?A traditional economy is one that is built on enduring values, customs, and the past. Tradition has an impact on economic decisions like manufacturing and distribution. Traditional economies are supported on agriculture, fishing, hunting, gathering, or some mix of these.
What are four traditional economies examples?Brazil, Haiti, Alaska, Yemen, Canada, and Greenland were among the traditional economies in 2022, according to The World Population Review. Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East are the regions with the greatest concentrations of traditional economic systems.
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multiple choice question is seen as a transfer of ownership of a business, property, or enterprise from the public sector to the private sector. multiple choice question. licensing deregulation urbanization privatization
Privatization is seen as a transfer of ownership of a business, property, or enterprise from the public sector to the private sector.
Privatization refers to the transfer of ownership, property, or company from the government to the private sector. The government no longer owns the company or firm.
Privatization minimizes the state's indulgence and interference in a company's operations. Economic Democracy - Privatization dilutes governmental monopolies and allows private firms to participate in economic activities in a more democratic manner.
Privatization lessens the influence of the government while boosting economic progress. Because private bodies do not have a political objective, they are more concerned with fostering organizational growth and efficiency in order to make more cash.
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a situation in which firms expect one thing to happen, but then something else happens is commonly referred to in economics as a
Answer:
shock
Explanation:
A situation in which firms expect one thing to happen, but then something else happens is commonly referred to in economics as a shock.
What is an economic shock?An economic shock refers to any change to fundamental macroeconomic variables or relationships that has a substantial effect on macroeconomic outcomes and measures of economic performance, such as unemployment, consumption, and inflation. Shocks are often unpredictable and are usually the result of events thought to be beyond the scope of normal economic transactions.
Economic shocks have widespread and lasting effects on the economy, and, according to real business cycle theory (RBC), is thought to be the root cause of recessions and economic cycles.
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four years ago, evelyn created an irrevocable life insurance trust, transferred a life insurance policy that named her as the insured to the trust, and funded it with interest-bearing bonds. income from trust assets is used to pay the premiums on the life insurance policy. the beneficiary of the trust is evelyn's son, bruce. the trustee is the trust department of a bank. what is one advantage of this trust arrangement for evelyn? a) she removed the proceeds of the insurance policy from her gross estate by transferring the policy to the trust. b) she avoids having all income from the trust taxed to her during her lifetime. c) she will maintain control over the policy even though it is transferred to the trust. d) she avoided all gift tax liability on the insurance policy by transferring it into the trust.
The advantage of this trust arrangement for evelyn is b) she avoids having all income from the trust taxed to her during her lifetime. So the taxes that pack Evelyn are not too big
In the term of insurance and business, Irrevocable life insurance trusts or also known as ILIT generally can be defined as the insurance that allow individuals to ensure the benefits from a life insurance policy can avoid estate taxes and follow the interests of insured. The Irrevocable life insurance trusts cannot change or undue the trust after its creation and must be irrevocable.
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a. an exchange or event that has a direct and measurable financial effect. b. four periodic financial statements. c. the two equalities in accounting that aid in providing accuracy. d. the results of transaction analysis in debits-equal-credits format. e. the account that is debited when money is borrowed from a bank. f. a resource owned by a business, with measurable value and expected future benefits. g. cumulative earnings of a company that are not distributed to the owners. h. every transaction has at least two effects. i. amounts presently owed by a business. j. assigning dollar amounts to transactions.
An exchange or occurrence that directly impacts a company's assets, obligations, or stockholders' equity is referred to as a transaction. Feedback: A transaction is an occurrence or activity that affects a company's assets, obligations, or stockholders' equity in a tangible way.
What kind of circumstance has a quantifiable financial impact on the company?A business event is considered an accounting event if it has an effect on the account balances in the financial statements of a company. These occurrences must be recorded in accordance with the accounting formula, which states that assets must equal liabilities plus shareholders' equity.
What are the two accounting equalities that help to provide accuracy?One is to double-enter transactions to keep the debit and credit balances equal. The amount of assets equals the shareholder's capital and obligations, which is the second equality. To balance the accounting equations and calculations, this is done. Accurate accounting would not exist without these equality.
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With time, which one of the following strategies would most likely result in an outward shift in the production possibilities curve of an economy?a. passage of legislation reducing the workweek to 30 hoursb. an increase in the marginal income tax rate, which would reduce the work effort of individualsc. instituting a tax policy encouraging investment at the expense of consumptiond. instituting a tax policy encouraging consumption at the expense of investment
Establishing a tax structure which it encourages investments above consumption.
What is a simple definition of economy?A community's resource allocation is ultimately determined by a collection of connected processes of production and consumption collectively referred to as an economy. The production and consumption of goods and services as a whole satisfy the needs of the people who reside there and conduct business there.
What is economy and its types?A system of production and exchange of products is called an economy. A state will fail if its economy is unsustainable. Market economy, authoritarian, and mixed economies are the three primary types of economies.
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why is the initial requirements definition process so important in the systems design and development
The initial requirements definition process is crucial in the systems design and development because it sets the foundation for the entire project.
This process involves
Clarifies project goals and objectivesEstablishes project scopeAvoids misunderstandings and miscommunicationFacilitates decision-makingIncreases project efficiencyImproves project qualityIn conclusion, the initial requirements definition process is critical to the success of a systems design and development project, as it lays the foundation for clear communication, informed decision-making, and efficient project execution.
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suppose you have the opportunity to make an investment in a real estate venture that expects to pay investors $770 at the end of each month for the next eight years. you believe that a reasonable return on your investment should be an annual rate of 15 percent compounded monthly. required: a. how much should you pay for the investment? b. what will be the total sum of cash you will receive over the next eight years? c. what do we call the difference between the present value and total cash received? note: for all requirements, do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount.
a. The investment will cost you $32,874.
b. You will get a total of $62,184 in cash over the next eight years.
c. The return on investment is the distinction between the present value and total cash received.
Any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, corporation, business trust.
Other entity whose direct or indirect assets are significantly tied to real property or interests therein is referred to as a real estate venture.
Any Person that is not a Restricted Subsidiary and is primarily engaged in the acquisition, development, or financing of real estate activities, directly or indirectly through its Subsidiaries.
Otherwise, and of which the Company owns at least 20% of the capital stock, is referred to as a Real Estate Venture.
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kluber, inc. had net income of $914,000 based on variable costing. beginning and ending inventories were 56,400 units and 54,800 units, respectively. assume the fixed overhead per unit was $1.95 for both the beginning and ending inventory. what is net income under absorption costing? multiple choice $805,580 $907,760 $1,022,420 $910,880 $914,000
Based on variable costs, clubber, Inc. generated a net profit of $914,000. 56,400 units were in the first and 54,800 units were in the final inventories.
How can net income under absorption costing can be calculated?Assume that the fixed overhead per unit for the starting and ending inventories was $1.95.
Net profits less $805,580 in costs of absorption
With the aid of absorption costing, Monika estimated her annual income at $65,000. The company began off with no inventory, 20,000 planned and real manufacturing parts, and 18,000 units sold. Standard variable production expenses were $20 per unit, while fixed manufacturing overhead was expected to cost $100,000.
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what account is credited when manufacturing overhead is applied?
When manufacturing overhead is used, the Work in Process inventory account is debited and the Manufacturing Overhead account is credited.
What is manufacturing overhead?The term "manufacturing overhead" refers to the incidental expenses made during the production phase that are not directly related to the creation of a particular product. These expenses consist of indirect labor as well as charges for rent, utilities, property taxes, insurance, and depreciation.
The indirect expenses of operating a manufacturing operation are represented by manufacturing overhead, which is a required part of the cost of products sold. Allocate or assign these indirect expenses to the manufactured items in order to appropriately calculate the cost of goods supplied. To do this, the manufacturing overhead rate is applied to the expenses of each product's direct labor or direct materials.
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variable costs question content area bottom part 1 a. are fixed in total as production levels change. b. decrease per unit as production volume increases. c. are fixed per unit and vary in total as production levels change. d. vary per unit of output as production levels change.
The correct option is Option A
Variable costs is best defined as: Are fixed in total as production levels change.
Variable costs are costs that vary with the volume of production or sales. These costs change in proportion to the changes in the level of business activity. Variable costs include direct materials, direct labor, and commission on sales. Unlike fixed costs, which remain constant regardless of changes in production or sales volume, variable costs rise or fall in direct proportion to changes in output.
An example of a variable cost is the cost of raw materials used in the production of a product. As the production volume increases, the cost of raw materials also increases, and as the production volume decreases, the cost of raw materials decreases. Another example is the cost of commission paid to salespeople, which varies directly with the volume of sales they generate.
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suppose that consumers and farmers expect the price of wheat will decrease next month. the result will be that
The expectations of consumers and farmers regarding the future price of wheat can have a significant impact on the wheat market.
When consumers and farmers expect a decrease in the price of wheat, they may alter their behavior in response to those expectations. Consumers may delay their purchases of wheat-based products, such as bread, pasta, and baked goods, in anticipation of lower prices in the future. This decrease in demand for wheat-based products can cause a decrease in the current price of wheat. As the price of wheat decreases, farmers may reduce their production of wheat, as it becomes less profitable. This decrease in supply, combined with the decrease in demand, can further drive down the price of wheat. On the other hand, if the expected decrease in price does not occur, this could lead to a surplus of wheat. As the supply of wheat exceeds demand, prices may continue to decline, putting downward pressure on the wheat market. This can negatively impact farmers, who may have to sell their wheat at a lower price, and also impact consumers, who may have to pay higher prices for wheat-based products due to the decreased supply. In conclusion, the expectations of consumers and farmers regarding the future price of wheat can have a significant impact on the market, and it is important to consider these expectations when making decisions about the production and consumption of wheat. Market participants must be aware of the potential consequences of their actions and be prepared to adjust their strategies in response to changes in the market.
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economy where the government owns and offers all the goods and services
The government would then own, supply, and set the prices for all goods and services, creating what is known as a command economy.
How do planned and market economies differ?In a centrally planned economy, the government controls commerce, consumption, and all other aspects of the economy. Supply and demand are the driving forces underlying all economic activities in a market economy (production, consumption, and exchange).
What are command and market economies?In a command economy, the cost and timing of production are established by the government, which also controls the means of production. Most nations either have a command economy or a market economy.
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janelle's running a app campaign and knows that although it's powered by machine learning, her inputs as a marketer still matter a lot. in which three ways can janelle best guide the machine toward a successful outcome? (choose three.)
Janelle can give the system a lot of data and time, she can change the marketing approach over time, and she can strategically establish bids and budgets.
How does machine learning work?With the use of machine learning (ML), a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), software systems can make increasingly accurate predictions about the future without having to be explicitly instructed to do so. In order to predict new output values, machine learning algorithms use historical data as input.
Machine learning is significant because it facilitates the development of new goods and provides businesses with knowledge of consumer behavior trends and functional business patterns.
Many of the top businesses today, including Face-book, Goo-gle, and Ub-er, depend heavily on machine learning for their daily operations. For many businesses, machine learning has emerged as a key differentiator in the marketplace.
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refer to table 3-21. jamaica has a comparative advantage in the production of a. radios and norway has a comparative advantage in the production of coolers. b. neither good and norway has a comparative advantage in the production of both goods. c. both goods and norway has a comparative advantage in the production of neither good. d. coolers and norway has a comparative advantage in the production of radios.
Based on the information, it can be inferred that Jamaica has a comparative advantage in the production of radios and Norway has a comparative advantage in the production of coolers (option A).
How to identify the correct conclusion on the graph?To identify the correct conclusion about the information in the graph, we must analyze the data in the graph and establish trends or in this case comparative advantages. Based on this information we can infer that Jamaica produces more radios than Norway and Norway produces more coolers than Jamaica.
Based on the above, the most accurate conclusion would be that Jamaica has a comparative advantage in the production of radios and Norway has a comparative advantage in the production of coolers (option A).
Note: This question is incomplete because there is some information missing. Here is the complete information:
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some ceos and business owners today like mark benioff and john mackey,believe that: multiple select question. income disparities can be resolved with more taxes businesses should serve all major stakeholders, not just their owners not just a business, but all of its stakeholders should benefit from its success income disparities are a natural and accepted outcome of capitalism
Some CEOs and business owners today like Mark Benioff and John Mackey, believe that c) not just their owners not just a business, but all of its stakeholders should benefit from its success.
According to Mark Benioff, CEO of Salesforce, compassionate capitalism is an economic system that helps all key stakeholders so that they can experience the benefits of capitalism.
Two examples of modern CEOs and business owners are Mark Benioff and John Mackey. Directly reducing income inequality can be accomplished by either raising or lowering the incomes of the poorest.
Stakeholder Capitalism is a developing global reform movement that boosts investor returns by adding value to employees, customers, supply chain and distribution partners, communities, and the environment. Organizations can benefit their shareholders by doing good for people and the environment, according to science and common sense.
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Correct question:
some CEOs and business owners today like mark Benioff and john Mackey, believe that
a) income disparities can be resolved with more taxes
b) businesses should serve all major stakeholders,
c) not just their owners not just a business, but all of its stakeholders should benefit from its success
d) income disparities are a natural and accepted outcome of capitalism
boone is a highly stressed adult working in the high-paced field of advertising. he works long hours, often all seven days of the week, and consistently has a deadline to meet. according to stress researchers, it is likely that boone will
Option b is correct. According to stress researchers, Boones are more likely to catch colds than non-stressed people.
The Yerkes-Dodson Law is a model of the relationship between stress researchers and task performance. Too little or too much arousal leads to poor performance. This is also known as the inverse U model of arousal.
Researchers Robert Yerkes and John Dodson studied the relationship between arousal levels and task performance. Their discovery is known as the Yerkes-Dodson Law. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, a higher level of physiological or mental arousal improves performance on light tasks.
The motivational arousal theory suggests that people are driven to perform behaviors in order to maintain optimal levels of physiological arousal.
The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests a relationship between performance and arousal. Increased arousal can help improve performance, but only up to a point. Excessive arousal leads to poor performance.
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The complete question is:
Boone is a highly stressed adult working in the high-paced field of advertising. He works long hours, often
all seven days of the week, and consistently has a deadline to meet. According to stress researchers, it is likely
that Boone will
a. develop a Type B personality.
b. catch colds more often than nonstresses people.
c. heal faster from wounds.
d. contract HIV.
e. develop cancer.
according to david vogel, which of the following should a firm be most cautious about when engaging in corporate social responsibility (csr) activities? multiple choice the easily measurable ethical payoff can turn out to be lower than the anticipated levels. attrition levels may rise because of indifference among employees engaging in activities related to social responsibility. investing in corporate social responsibility (csr) when consumers are not willing to pay higher prices to support that investment. employees may become over-indulgent in activities related to social causes.
Option (c), Investing in corporate social responsibility (CSR) when customers are not prepared to pay greater costs to support that investment, according to David Vogel.
What are the benefits of corporate social responsibility? Is corporate social responsibility lucrative for the business or does it result in higher costs?CSR adds value for the company in key areas like image, client relationships, and employee relationships. The costs and risks that the businesses must manage can also go down as a result.
What cost-cutting techniques does CSR employ?A corporate social responsibility program can cut employee turnover by up to 50%7, which decreases operating expenses by preventing the need to invest in personnel replacement. The same goes for customers; maintaining them as clients is financially advantageous. It's clear that much.
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a share of stock is now selling for $145. it will pay a dividend of $10 per share at the end of the year. its beta is 1.0. what must investors expect the stock to sell for at the end of the year? assume the risk-free rate is 7% and the expected rate of return on the market is 18%. (round your answe
The must investors expect the stock to sell for at the end of the year is $155.
What is the investors ?An investor is an individual or entity that commits money to an asset or business venture with the expectation of generating a profit. Investors can range from individual savers to large financial institutions such as banks, insurance companies, hedge funds, or venture capital firms. They may invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, real estate, currency, commodities, and other types of investments. Investments provide a source of capital for businesses to use for growth and development, and can generate income for individual investors. Investing is a way to increase wealth and secure financial stability over time, but it also carries risks.
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) one of the key objectives of segregating duties is to a) ensure that no collusion will occur. 11) b) make sure that different people handle different parts of the same transaction. c) make sure that different people handle different transactions. d) achieve an optimal division of labor for efficient operations.
One of the key objectives of segregating duties is to make sure that different people handle different parts of the same transaction.
Segregation of responsibilities (SOD) is a simple construction block of sustainable threat management and internal controls for an enterprise. The precept of SOD is based totally on shared obligations in a key manner that disperses the essential features of that process to multiple men or women or departments.
Segregation of duties is a key internal management meant to limit the prevalence of mistakes or fraud by way of ensuring that no employee has the ability to perpetrate and cover mistakes or fraud inside the regular path of their obligations. Separation of responsibilities is the method by which nobody man or woman has sole manipulation over the lifespan of a transaction. ideally, no one character must be capable of provoking, recording, authorizing, and reconciling a transaction.
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Complete Question:
One of the objectives of the segregation of duties is to
A) make sure that different people handle different parts of the same transaction.
B) ensure that no collision will occur.
C) make sure that different people handle different transactions.
D) achieve an optimal division of labor for efficient operations.
the many small choices we make daily about working or goofing off, using company phones and computers responsibly, and following safety rules, make it clear that ethical decisions start with the_____.
The assertion is genuine that the many small picks we make each day about working or goofing off, the usage of organisation phones and computer systems responsibly, and following security rules, make it clear that ethical selections begin with each individual.
When there are two preferences in a scenario and neither resolves the difficulty in an ethically ideal manner?An moral dilemma (ethical paradox or moral dilemma) is a trouble in the decision-making technique between two possible options, neither of which is virtually suitable from an moral perspective.
The Fundamental Principles of Ethics. Beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice constitute the four standards of ethics
A patron service representative taking accountability for failing to observe thru with a provider motion is making an ethical decision. A supervisor taking duty for his crew not making a deadline due to the fact of his lack of oversight is moral behavior.
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https://brainly.com/question/13015186#SPJ4the textbook notes that the formulation stage of the afi framework has parallels to the guiding policy of a good strategy. what is the key guiding policy developed by nvidia, as mentioned earlier? multiple choice nvidia would release a better chip in one-third the time of the traditional industry. nvidia must have a set of coherent actions for their strategy to be successful. nvidia had to stumble before it could focus on needed improvements. nvidia must have the most user-friendly chip in the marketplace. nvidia must take this business away from intel while the market is still small.
Option (a), In a third less time than the conventional sector, Nvidia would introduce a better chip.
*While the industry norm was 18 months, Nvidia instituted a policy of releasing a new chip every 6 months.
What sets Nvidia apart from its competitors?NVIDIA started spending a lot of money on R&D early on, focusing on emerging technologies. NVIDIA gained a competitive edge by releasing new graphics chips every six months as opposed to the industry standard of every 18 months.
What three elements are included in the Nvidia data center platform?Its three pillars are the CPU for general-purpose computing, the GPU for accelerated computing, and the DPU for processing and moving data within the data center.
What functions do Nvidia chips fulfill?The Bloomberg — Nvidia on Tuesday introduced new flagship chips for video gamers that use AI to enhance images. The CPUs will be manufactured, according to the business, by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.
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an organization's ethical represents employees' perceptions about the extent to which the work environment supports ethical behavior. multiple choice question. climate demographics mix attitude
An organization's ethical represents employees' perceptions about the extent to which the work environment supports ethical behavior. multiple choice question.
It is Climate. How ethical issues should be handled within organisations is defined by the ethical atmosphere. It is essential to organisational life as a result. We used the social identity technique to compare how employees reacted to two distinct ethical climates, one based on self-interest and the other on friendship.
Better attitudes and behavioural intentions among employees were predicted by an ethical environment of friendship, and these were mediated by commitment to and identification with the company.
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What are the three primary activities of a business?
The three primary activities of a business are operational, marketing, and financial.
Operational activities are the day-to-day tasks that keep the business running, such as product development, production, and distribution. This involves managing resources and processes to produce and deliver products or services to customers.
Marketing activities aim to create awareness, interest, and demand for a business's products or services. This includes activities such as market research, advertising, sales, and customer relationship management.
Financial activities focus on managing the financial resources of a business, including budgeting, accounting, and financial planning. This involves tracking and analyzing financial performance, managing risk, and making informed decisions about investment and growth opportunities.
These three primary activities are interrelated and work together to support the overall success of a business. A company must effectively manage its operational processes, market its products effectively, and use its financial resources wisely to achieve long-term success.
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how do complements affect a primary product or service?
They lower the utility of the primary product. Products or services that are utilized in tandem: As one's price drops, the other's demand rises.instance: peanut butter with jelly.
When two items are considered to be substitutes when the price with one thing falls?The two goods are referred to as replacements when a decrease in the price of one item lowers the demand for another.complements are two items that are in high demand for one another.
What purpose do complimentary products serve?Since the consumer yearns for the similar product whenever the price of the primary commodity fluctuates, complementary products have a character of joint demand that facilitates interaction.This relationship is known in economics as negative pass of demand.
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a single earthquake damages a large number of buildings in a given geographic region. this simultaneous loss to a large number of policyholders insured by an insurer exemplifies:
The answer is Objective risk, this simultaneous loss to a large number of policyholders insured by an insurer exemplifies objective risk.
What do you mean by insurance?A strategy to control your risk is to purchase insurance. You purchase protection from unforeseen financial losses when you purchase insurance. If something horrible happens to you, the insurance company compensates you or a person of your choice. If an accident occurs and you don't have insurance, you can be liable for all associated expenses.
What are the four primary categories of insurance?However, the majority of financial experts advise that we all get life, health, auto, and long-term disability insurance.
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