Scattering occurs when particles or large gas molecules present in the atmosphere interact with and cause the electromagnetic radiation to be redirected from its original path. How much scattering takes place depends on several factors including the wavelength of the radiation, the abundance of particles or gases, and the distance the radiation travels through the atmosphere. There are three (3) types of scattering which take place.
Rayleigh scatteringMie scatteringNonselective scatteringScattering is a term used in physics to describe a broad vary of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are compelled to deviate from a straight trajectory with the aid of localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium thru which they pass by.
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constant temperature and the pressure upon it. Write down the relationship in terms of a (a) Proportion (b) equation (c) formula
Answer:
Proportion : The Equality of two ratios
Equation: Values of two mathematical expressions are equal.
Formula: Mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols.
Explanation:
3. Which of the following is not an example of acceleration?
a. A car coming to a stop at a stoplight.
b. An avalanche increasing speed down the side of a mountain.
c. A cheetah running at a constant speed on a hunt.
d. A jet making a sharp turn in an air show.
Answer:
C: The Cheetah running at a constant speed.
Explanation:
Acceleration can be defined as:
1: A decrease in speed
2: An increase in speed
3: A change in direction.
The cheetah is the only object that does not meet any criteria for acceleration.
The example that is not an example of acceleration is a cheetah running at a constant speed on a hunt. The correct option is option (c).
Acceleration refers to a change in velocity, either in magnitude or direction. In the case of the cheetah running at a constant speed, there is no change in velocity, so there is no acceleration.
The cheetah maintains a steady speed, there is no change in velocity hence, it is not accelerating.
Therefore, a cheetah runs at a constant speed on a hunt. The correct option is option (c).
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2
The melting and boiling points of three pure
substances are given in Table 1.3.
Substance
ethanol
methane
mercury
Melting point
/°C
b
c
-117
-182
-30
Boiling point
/°C
78
-164
357
Table 1.3: Melting and boiling points of ethanol,
methane and mercury.
All three substances have negative values for
their melting point. Which of them has the
lowest melting?
Answer:
-182
Explanation:
according to the table it's the answer
According to forces of attraction and given data the substance with lowest melting point is that one with -182°C.
Forces of attraction is a force by which atoms in a molecule combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature. It can act between an ion and an atom as well.It varies for different states of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.
The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.
The physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density are all dependent on forces of attraction which exists in the substances.Thus,the substance with lowest melting point is that one with -182°C.
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1. Eight atoms of carbon react with 18 atoms of hydrogen, forming only one molecule of CsHis. Is the
forming of only one molecule considered a violation of the law of conservation of mass? Explain.
Eight atoms of carbon react with 18 atoms of hydrogen , forming only one molecule of [tex]C_{8} H_{18[/tex] is considered as violation of the law of conservation of mass .
According to the law of mass conservation , neither chemical processes nor physical changes can create or destroy mass in an isolated system . The mass of the products and reactants of a chemical reaction must be equal, in accordance with the law of conservation of mass .
The reaction occur when eight atoms of carbon react with 18 atoms of hydrogen , forming only one molecule of [tex]C_{8} H_{18[/tex] is given as .
8C +18[tex]H_{2}[/tex] → [tex]C_{8} H_{18[/tex]
Mass of reactants = 8 × 12 + 18 × 2 = 132 g
Mass of reactants = 8 × 12 + 18 = 114 g
So , mass of reactant is not equal to the mass of product .
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A certain sample of liquid has a mass of 42 grams and a volume of 35 centimeters. What is the density of the liquid?
A certain sample of liquid has a mass of 42 grams and a volume of 35 centimeters. The density of the liquid is 1.2 g.cm⁻³
How can I determine a liquid's density?You follow the same procedures you would for a solid to determine the density of a liquid. Divide the mass of the fluid by its volume after computing its volume and weight. Weigh the substance inside the container, then pour it out and weigh the resulting empty vessel. The weight of the empty container is subtracted from the weight of the filled container to determine the fluid's mass.
Calculation of the above problemMass = 42gms
Volume = 35 cm³
Formula Used:
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
Putting values,
Density = 42 g ÷ 35 cm³
Density = 1.2 g.cm⁻³
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At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acid?
The peptide bond is broken by the hydrolysis of water. The hydrogen ion of water goes to the -NH end (shown to the right of bond C) and the hydroxyl Ion of water goes to the -CO ends (shown to the left of bond C), resulting in the breakdown of peptide Bond and formation of individual amino acid.
The reaction of water with another compound forms two or more products. Some examples of hydrolysis include dissolving salts of weak acids or weak bases in water or dissolving sulfuric acid in water to form hydronium and bisulfate compounds.
The difference between hydration and hydrolysis is that hydrolysis is the process of breaking a bond with water whereas hydration is defined as an electrophilic addition reaction without breaking the original molecule. During hydration, water molecules are added to the substance. A chemical decomposition process that involves breaking bonds and adding hydrogen cations and hydroxide anions of water.
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2. What is the concentration in mol dm-3 of a solution which contains 3 moles of a given solute in 0.25dm³ (250cm³) of solution.
The concentration in mol dm-³ of a solution which contains 3 moles of a given solute in 0.25dm³ (250cm³) of solution is 12 mol/dm³.
How to calculate molarity?The concentration of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of the solution by its volume as per the following formula;
Concentration = moles ÷ volume
According to this question, a solution contains 3 moles of a given solute in 0.25dm³ (250cm³) of solution. The concentration of the solution can be calculated as follows:
Concentration = 3moles ÷ 0.25dm³
Concentration = 12 mol/dm³
Therefore, the concentration in mol dm-³ of a solution which contains 3 moles of a given solute in 0.25dm³ (250cm³) of solution is 12 mol/dm³.
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When the difference between a measured value and the known value is expressed as percentage error, it is usually written as
When the difference between a measured value and the known value is expressed as a percentage error, it is usually written as either negative or positive.
How do introduce differences in measured values?The accepted terminology to introduce differences in measured values during experimentation and data collection is to introduce this difference with the sing based on the first data (either positive or negative).
In conclusion, when the difference between a measured value and the known value is expressed as a percentage error, it is usually written as either negative or positive.
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is gas occupies 733 cm at 10.9 at what temp will it occupy 950 cm
Temperature of gas at volume of 950 cm³ is 368.14K or 94.99⁰c.
Volume is the amount of space a three-dimensional object takes up, expressed in cubic units.units of volume are mL, liter, cm³ or m³.Given,
in this question, volume occupied by gas at 10.9⁰c is 733cm³.
we have to find out temperature at which gas occupies volume of 950 cm³.
First, convert temperature from celcius to Kelvin
10.9⁰c = 10.9 + 273.15 = 284.05 K
By equation or Boyle's Law
P1 x V1 / T1 = P2 x V2 / T2
Pressure is constant here
therefore, V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
here, V1 = 733 cm³
T1 = 284.05 K
V2 = 950 cm³
we have to find out T2
So, 733 / 284.05 = 950 / T2
T2 = 284.05 × 950 / 733 = 368.14 K
= 94. 99⁰c
Therefore the temperature of gas at volume of 950 cm³ is 368.14K or 94.99⁰c.
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A glass of orange juice contains 3.1 dl of juice. how many milliliters of orange juice are in the glass?
Answer:
310
Explanation:
How many grams of phosphorus are present in 3.51 moles of phosphorus trichloride ? grams.
108.81 grams of phosphorus are present in 3.51 moles of phosphorus trichloride, PCl₃.
The molecular formula of Phosphorus trichloride is PCl₃.
One mole of phosphorus trichloride contains one mole of phosphorus element.
The molar mass of phosphorus = 31 g.
So,
1 mole of phosphorus trichloride contains 31 g of phosphorus
Since,
1 mole PCl₃ has 31 g Phosphorus
1 × 3.51 moles PCl₃ has 31×3.51 g Phosphorus
3.51 moles PCl₃ has 108.81 g of Phosphorus
Hence,
3.51 moles of phosphorus trichloride have 108.81 grams of phosphorus present in it.
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Why was it important not to over-heat the beaker when drying the sodium chloride?
It important not to over-heat the beaker when drying the sodium chloride so that parts won't be lost, and in addition, if the beaker were to overheat, it would crack.
Can you evaporate sodium chloride?
At gas pressures ranging from 0.74 to 212 psia, the rate of evaporation of molten NaCl in the presence of different gases was observed. The rate in crucibles heated by induction had a distinct slope at high and low pressures and was a linear function of (1/P).It is demonstrated that the (1/P) dependency is predicted for turbulent free convective mass transfer. Under some circumstances, when pressure dropped, the rate of evaporation also did. This result is explained by the condensation of NaCl in the gas and the subsequent reflux of NaCl particles into the melt. The significant disparity in evaporation rates between Ar, He, and CO2 is related to the CO2's infrared absorption as well as variations in thermal conductivity.
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how are the earthquakes distributed on the map
The earthquakes distributed on the map on the fault lines at edge of tectonic plates.
Tectonic plate boundaries, or along fault lines, are where earthquakes are most likely to occur. On a map showing tectonic plates, earthquakes will be distributed along the lines on the map. The earthquake epicenter locations shown on the map are not dispersed around the earth's surface at random. The majority of earthquake epicenters are confined to a small area. Most earthquake epicenters, including those in the western parts of North and South America, are found at the edges of certain continents. The Pacific Plate is likewise surrounded by earthquakes. Along the Himalayan mountain range, which is over India, there are also frequent earthquakes. Additionally, all regions with active volcanoes have an earthquake epicenter, but not all regions with earthquake epicenters have active volcanoes, if you try to compare the locations of earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes.To learn more about earthquakes visit:
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How many moles of oxygen atoms are in 4.14 moles of magnesium phosphate: mg3(po4)2 (mw. 262.87 g/mol)?
33.12 moles of oxygen atoms are present in 4.14 moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg₃(PO₄)₂.
Molecular weight of magnesium phosphate = 262.87 g/mol
Number of moles of magnesium phosphate = 4.14 moles
Since,
1 mole of magnesium phosphate contains 8 moles of oxygen atom
therefore,
4.14 moles of magnesium phosphate will contain 4.14 × 8 oxygen atoms.
1
Hence, 33.12 oxygen atoms are present.
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What is the percent yield of koh when 22.4 grams of ko2 reacts with an excess of water to produce 13.9 grams of koh?
The percent yield of KOH is 78.7%.
Balanced chemical reaction:
4KO₂ + 2H₂O → 4KOH +3O₂
m(KO₂) = 22.4 g; mass of the oxide
m1(KOH) = 13.9 g; mass of the potassium hydroxide produced
n(KO₂) = 22.4 g ÷ 71.1 g/mol
n(KO₂) = 0.315 mol; amount of the oxide
From chemical reaction: n(KO₂) : n(KOH) = 1 : 1
n(KOH) = 0.315 mol; amount of the potassium hydroxide
m(KOH) = 0.315 mol x 56.1 g/mol
m(KOH) = 17.67 g; a theoretical yield of KOH
the percent yield = 13.9 g / 17.67 g x 100%
the percent yield = 78.7%
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If you move from the equator to a location in the mid-latitudes, the wintertime average temperature will _____, and the temperature range will _____.
If you progress from the equator to a location within the mid-latitudes, the wintertime average temperature will decrease, and thus the temperature range will increases.
What is the relationship between latitude and temperature?
As latitude increases, the temperature falls, and therefore the other way around. Generally, round the world, it gets warmer towards the equator and cooler towards the poles.
However, other factors could influence the temperature in several locations like altitude, precipitation, and ocean currents
Why is it called latitude?
On a map where north is up, latitudes run laterally (left to right). they're named after the angle created by a line connecting the latitude and the center of the Earth, and therefore the line connecting the equator and the center of the Earth. Latitudes specify the north-south position of a location on the world .
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a different scientist makes zinc iodide by the same method. the scientist obtains 12.5g of zinc iodide. the percantage yeild in this reaction is 92.0% whta is the maximum theoretical mass of zinc iodide produced in this reaction?
A different scientist makes zinc iodide by the same method. the scientist obtains 12.5g of zinc iodide. the percentage yield in this reaction is 92.0% then the theoretical mass is 13.6 g.
What is percent yield?Percent yield is defined as a measure of actual number of mole obtained by reactant in comparison to the theoretical yield.
Percent yield equal to actual yield divided by theoretical yield multiply by 100
As given percent yield is 92%, actual yield is 12.5 g
Then Theoretical yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100
= 12.5 / 92 x 100 = 13.6 g
Thus, different scientist makes zinc iodide by the same method. the scientist obtains 12.5g of zinc iodide. the percentage yield in this reaction is 92.0% then the theoretical mass is 13.6 g.
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Complete each row of the table below by filling in the missing prefix or missing exponent.
The metric prefixes are a follows;
1 ng = 10^-9 g1 dg = 10^-10 g1μg = 10^-6 g1Mg = 10^6 gWhat are metric prefixes?The SI unit is the international system for the measurement of quantities. We know that the SI system is based on the metric system. The metric system has the units meter, gram and seconds as part of it.
Sometimes we use prefixes to show the magnitude of quantities when we are using the metric system. Let us now try to find the correct prefix or power in the following cases;
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someone please help me i wasn’t here in class when this was taught
Answer:
text me i can teach you on inbox
You are heating a piece of glass and now want to pick it up. you should?
Answer:
pick it up with tongs
Explanation:
Because ___ occurs without oxygen scientist believe this stage in cellular respiration evolved first
Because glycolysis occurs without oxygen scientists believe this stage in cellular respiration evolved first.
Glycolysis, which does now no longer require oxygen and is stated to have developed earlier than the opposite energy-generating tiers of cell breathing at a time while there has been no oxygen withinside the Earth's environment The first step is breathing, which is anaerobic and does now no longer require oxygen.
Glycolysis happens withinside the cytosol of the cellular and does now no longer require oxygen, while the Krebs cycle and electron shipping arise in mitochondria and require oxygen.
The first step in cell breathing, glycolysis, happens withinside the cytoplasm of the cellular. A glucose molecule is damaged down into molecules of pyruvate (pyruvate).
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which elements have one valence electron?
Answer:
GOLDEN TRICK
Explanation:
GO TO ND ASK.
MARK 5 STAR FOR THIS BRILLIANT ADVICE.
Help I need help on this !! Please
Fast!!
Step 1 convert gal to L step 2 convert L to cl
Here given data is water are held in tanker truck volume = 5,500 gallon
So here 1st we have to convert
5,500 gallon = 20,819 Litre
So in 1st step we have to converted gallons into litre
Then 1 litre = 100 centilitre so,
20,819 Litre = 208.19 centilitre
So, in the 2nd step we have to converted litre to centilitre
5,500 gallon = 20,819 Litre and 20,819 Litre = 208.19 centilitre
This is how the conversion from beginning to ending
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A solution of h2so4(aq) with a molal concentration of 6.80 has a density of 1.318 g/ml. what is the molar concentration of this solution?
The molal concentration of the solution is 5.38 M.
The molal concentration of sulphuric acid = 6.80 m
The density of the solution = 1.318 g/ml
Mass of the sulphuric acid in the solution is,
[tex] = 6.80 \times 9.80[/tex]
[tex] =666.4 \: g[/tex]
The mass of sulphuric acid present in the solution is 666.4 g.
Let the mass of the solvent in which sulphuric acid is dissolved be 1000 grams.
So the total mass of the solution is,
= Mass of solvent + Mass of sulphuric acid
[tex] = 666.4 \: + \: 1000[/tex]
[tex] = 1666.4 \: g[/tex]
The total volume of the solution is,
[tex] = \frac{1666.4 \times 1}{1.318 \times 1000} [/tex]
[tex] = 1.264 \: L[/tex]
The volume of the solution is 1.264 liters.
The molal concentration of this solution is,
[tex] = \frac{6.80}{1.264} [/tex]
[tex] = 5.38 \: M[/tex]
Therefore, the molal concentration of the solution is 5.38 M.
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Sodium bicarbonate or beta-alanine used to improve anaerobic performances exert their effect by?
Sodium bicarbonate or beta-alanine used to improve anaerobic performances exert their effect on the slow rate of decrease of creatine phosphate.
Anaerobic means "with the air" and refers to the body's use of oxygen to produce energy. This typically includes exercises that last longer than 2 minutes. Continuous "steady state" exercise is done with aerobic exercise. Anaerobic means "without air" and refers to the body's ability to produce energy without using oxygen.
Examples of aerobic exercise include swimming laps, running, or cycling. Anaerobic exercise involves a rapid burst of energy and is performed with maximum effort in a short period of time. Examples include jumping, sprinting, and lifting heavy objects. "Walking is a great aerobic exercise. It's thought to be weight-bearing and good for bone strength and health," he says. Oftentimes, people feel unwell and want to lose weight and get fit, but think they need a gym membership to exercise.
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Through bonding, atoms are able to attain the same electron configuration as a(n)?
The placement of electrons in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus is known as electronic configuration
What is electron configuration?The placement of electrons in orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus is known as electronic configuration, also known as electronic structure or electron configuration. As follows: 1s will be filled first, with a maximum of 2 electrons, followed by 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, and 5p. The Aufbau Principle, the Pauli-Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule are a set of three guidelines we must adhere to while allocating electrons to orbitals. To determine the valence electrons of an atom, electron configurations assist us to understand the chemical behavior of elements. The shell number (n), kind of orbital, and superscript indicating the number of electrons in the orbital are the first three symbols used to represent the electron configuration.
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A sample of ethanol (c2h5oh) contains 4.2x10^23 hydrogen atoms. how many c2h5oh molecules are in this sample?
There are 7.0 x 10^22 C2H5OH molecules in the sample.
Ethanol (also referred to as ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, consuming alcohol, or actually alcohol) is an organic chemical compound. It is simple alcohol with the chemical system C2H6O. Its method can be also written as CH3−CH2−OH or C2H5OH (an ethyl team linked to a hydroxyl group) and is regularly abbreviated as EtOH. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with an attribute wine-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive drug, a leisure drug, and an energetic ingredient in alcoholic drinks.
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how many significant figures of .00000281 mA
Answer:
3 Significant Figures.
Explanation:
The zeros to the left of non-zero numbers are Leading Zeros. These zeros are NOT significant. They serve as placeholders to locate the decimal point.
Answer:
3
Explanation:
To determine the number of significant figures in a number use the following 3 rules:
Non-zero digits are always significant
Any zeros between two significant digits are significant
A final zero or trailing zeros in the decimal portion ONLY are significant
Example: .500 or .632000 the zeros are significant
.006 or .000968 the zeros are NOT significant
technique that separates mixture by solubility
The technique that is used to separate chemical mixtures by solubility is evaporation.
What is solubility?Solubility is defined as the process by which a substance called solute is able to dissolve in a solvent to form a solution.
Evaporation is an example of separation technique that helps in the separation of two substances based on their solubility.
Other examples of separation technique include the following:
Filtration,Distillation, andChromatography.When two substances form a solution, both can be separated into its different constituents through heating the solution in the process of evaporation.
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Acetylcholine binds to receptors on muscle fibers which open ion channels (allowing ions to move along their concentration gradient), what type of transport is this an example of?
Acetylcholine binds to receptors on muscle fibers which open ion channels (allowing ions to move along their concentration gradient). This is an example of passive transport.
Passive transport is a biological phenomenon of movement that does not require external energy from the cell. It is the movement of ions or other chemical substances within the cells.
This movement happens along the concentration gradient. The chemical substance moves from high concentration to low in this phenomenon. simple and facilitated diffusion that happens in the cell are also types of passive transport. Other than that, passive transport also includes Filtration and Osmosis.
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