The discharging of raw sewage into rivers resulted in epidemic outbreaks of diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera.
The 18th and 19th centuries saw industrialization and large-scale population movement into European towns. Overcrowding in substandard housing with insufficient or nonexistent public waste-disposal and water systems was one impact of this demographic transition. Due to the construction of sewers and the flushing of toilets that directly drain into the river, the river became an open, foul-smelling sewer as a result of strong winds and high tides driving seawater upstream. These circumstances led to frequent epidemics of water-borne illnesses like cholera, typhoid fever, and other infectious diseases.
Therefore, once it gradually became clear that disposing of raw sewage into rivers frequently led to cholera and typhoid epidemic outbreaks, large-scale programs of sewage treatment plant construction began in the U.S. and Europe in the early 20th century.
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When preparing to use a bottle of sterile saline for a dressing change, the nurse notes that the date it was opened was two days ago. what should the nurse do?
Answer:
When preparing to use a bottle of sterile saline for a dressing change, the nurse notes that the date it was opened was two days previous.
What should the nurse do?
(The nurse should obtain a new bottle of sterile saline, as most solutions are considered sterile for 24 hours after they are opened.)
Explanation:
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Overall, water comprises somewhere between _______ percent of a person's body weight.
Overall, water comprises somewhere between 50 - 60 percent of an adult person's body weight.
What is role of water in human body?
Water is necessary for the health of every cell and organ. Water is used to lubricate. It is a component of both saliva and the fluids that surround joints. Through perspiration, water controls body temperature. By pushing food through the intestines, it also aids in the prevention and relief of constipation.
On average, 60% of the human body is made up of water. Age, hydration levels, sex, and all these have a modest impact on the body's water content and consumption.
The brain and heart are made up of 73% water, while the lungs contain roughly 83% water, according to Mitchell and others (1945). Water makes up 64% of the skin, 79% of the muscles and kidneys, and 31% of the bones. Up to 60% of the human adult body is water.
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Which would be included in the assessment of a school health promotional program for adolescents?
The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale would be included in the assessment of a school health promotional program for adolescents.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescents as those folks between ten and nineteen years elderly. the good majority of adolescents are, therefore, enclosed within the age-based definition of “child”, adopted by the Convention on the Rights of the kid, four as an individual below the age of eighteen years.
The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale is a tool for the assessment of the severity of. personal and social issues in adolescence. it's composed of sixteen subscales relevant to adoles. Adolescent assessment in development includes physical, intellectual, emotional and social development.
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What type of cutting tool has teeth that gradually increase in size, allowing it to perform a full cut in one stroke?
The type of cutting tool has teeth that gradually increase in size, allowing it to perform a full cut in one stroke is Broaching tools.
What is a Broaching tool?
A broaching tool, sometimes known as a "broach," is a cutting tool used to remove a specific area or form from a workpiece, frequently on the interior diameter of the piece. The broach is frequently attached to a machine that is propelled by hydraulic pressure or used in a lathe.
A toothed tool called a broach is used in the machining process of broaching to remove material. Linear and rotational broaching are the two basic varieties. The cut is made by running the broach linearly against a surface of the workpiece, which is the most typical method of broaching. A broaching machine, which is commonly abbreviated to broach, uses linear broaches. In rotary broaching, the workpiece is rotated while the broach is forced into it to create an axisymmetric shape. In a lathe or screw machine, a rotary broach is utilized. Both methods are particularly effective because the cut is made in a single broach pass.
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When you can't escape being hit by a fast-moving object, you'll suffer a smaller force if the collision time is?
When you can't escape being hit by a fast-moving object, you'll suffer a smaller force if the collision time is long.
What is Collision?
This is defined as the event in which two or more bodies come together thereby resulting in the exertion of forces on each other in a relatively short time and the effect is dependent on different types of factors and conditions.
The collision time is inversely proportional to the force exerted on the objects. This therefore means that the greater the time over which a collision occurs, the smaller the force which acts upon the object and vice versa.
It is pertinent to note that in other to minimize the effect of the force on an object involved in a collision, the time must be increased and to maximize the effect of the force, the time must be decreased.
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A woman is crying because she just recently received the results of her biopsies, and they confirm that she has invasive breast cancer. which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?
The nurse should listen to the woman talk, and remain silent for a while.- option- C
What are biopsies?
A biopsy is the removal of a small sample of tissue from the body for closer examination. When an initial examination reveals an area of tissue in the body isn't normal, a doctor should advise a biopsy.
An region of aberrant tissue may be referred to by doctors as a lesion, tumor, or mass. These are broad terms that highlight the tissue's unknowable characteristics. A physical checkup or internal imaging test may reveal the questionable location.
Most typically, biopsies are performed to check for cancer. But biopsies can also be used to diagnose numerous other illnesses.
Most of the time, the ideal reaction when a woman first learns she has cancer is to let her express her feelings and worries without interjecting. Giving her false assurances is not therapeutic and can damage a patient/provider relationship's dependability and trust. It is also not helpful to try to inform her about groups or the next steps before she is ready to receive them.
Question :
A woman is crying because she just recently received the results of her biopsies, and they confirm that she has invasive breast cancer. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?
A) "I know a great support group you can join."
B) "I'm sure you are going to be fine. You are in great hands."
C) Listen to the woman talk, and remain silent for a while
D) "You'll beat this thing, I know it. You are very strong."
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A food worker needs to thaw frozen fish fillets, how should the food worker thaw the fish?
Frozen fish fillets should be thawed under cold, running water to preserve the fish's natural flavor and freshness. In fact, if we use hot water or something similar, the fresh meat won't be natural and may even be slightly cooked, which is bad for chefs because they won't be able to serve overcooked meals to customers.
It's important to keep in mind that fish meat is more heat-sensitive than beef, which means it can be ruined with less heat. Some types of fish are even only cooked with lemon and vinegar.
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Women who become pregnant for the first time at a later reproductive age (35 years or older) are at risk for which complications? one, some, or all responses may be correct.
Getting pregnant after the age of 35 carries a number of risks, such as
decreased fertility, gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, a higher chance of premature birth,a higher chance that the baby will have genetic abnormalities, an increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirth, a higher likelihood of needing a C-section, etc.When in professional interaction with pregnant women over the age of 35, healthcare practitioners must take into account their challenges and concerns. Healthcare professionals themselves need more information on older women's pregnancies in order to better comprehend and be aware of the hazards associated with pregnancy that older women face. This is necessary to satisfy the demands of older pregnant patients. Healthcare professionals should keep in mind that pregnancy can cause a wide variety of emotions, from happiness to fear, in women who are past the prime of motherhood. Older pregnant women have a need for information and actively seek it out. For older pregnant women, information provided by healthcare professionals is crucial as they prepare to become moms.
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The nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions to a client who is currently prescribed probenecid. which food would the nurse encourage the client to continue to eat?
The nurse would encourage the client to eat spinach.
Probenecid increases the excretion of uric acid in the urine and prevents the kidneys from absorbing it. Patients taking this drug are advised to avoid excessive purine intake. Offal, sardines, scallops, anchovies, broth, ground beef, herring, shrimp, mackerel, gravy, and yeast are high-purine foods that should be avoided or consumed in moderation.Purine-rich foods include spinach. Is not a drug called probenecid, also marketed under the name Probalan, stimulates the excretion of uric acid in the urine. It is mainly used to treat hyperuricemia and gout. Gout and gouty arthritis are prevented by using this drug. Sudden or severe attacks of gout cannot be treated and may even be exacerbated. Probenecid belongs to the subclass of uric acid.The correct answer is spinach.
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According to the classification of hypertension diagnosed in older adults, hypertension that can be attributed to an underlying cause is termed?
According to the classification of hypertension diagnosed in older adults, hypertension that can be attributed to an underlying cause is termed secondary hypertension
This is because due to underlying factors, these risk factors increase the likelihood of a person being hypertensive and they can include being overweight, etc.
What is Hypertension?This refers to the increase in blood pressure of a person to an abnormal and unhealthy level.
Hence, we can see that According to the classification of hypertension diagnosed in older adults, hypertension that can be attributed to an underlying cause is termed secondary hypertension
This is because due to underlying factors, these risk factors increase the likelihood of a person being hypertensive and they can include being overweight, etc.
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Although most people understand that healthy eating, as well as quitting smoking, can improve their general wellbeing, there are companies
who make millions of dollars on programs designed to help. Commercials for weight loss programs or nicotine gum abound. What conclusion
can be drawn from these constant advertisements?
OA Changing certain habits can be difficult.
OB.
Americans are becoming less health conscious.
OC.
Diet, exercise, and clean living are simple.
O D. Doctors agree on one specific way to change.
The conclusion which can be drawn from these constant advertisements of weight loss programs or nicotine gum is that changing certain habits can be difficult and is therefore denoted as option A.
What is a Habit?
This is described as when an individual does something routinely and is usually subconscious and examples include smoking, eating junks etc. certain habits can lead to unhealthy lifestyle of individuals and needs to be checked.
For example smoking increases the risk of individuals in having lung cancer and some people still do it because it has become a habit for them which is why some companies have provided products and awareness to help out.
Some companies have made weight loss programs or nicotine gum abound which will help curb it because they are aware that changing certain habits can be very difficult.
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Answer:
A
Explanation:
Changing certain habits can be difficult. just took test
What dietary supplement ingredient has been tested for its ability to improve memory in alzheimer's patients, but has produced only small and unreliable improvements in published research?
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a plant that has grown in popularity due to suggestions that it boosts memory and may be used to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.
What is Alzheimer's disease?
A degenerative neurologic condition called Alzheimer's disease results in the death of brain cells and brain shrinkage. The most frequent cause of dementia, which is characterized by a steady deterioration in mental, behavioral, and social abilities and impairs a person's capacity for independent functioning, is Alzheimer's disease.
The disease's early symptoms include forgetting recent conversations or experiences. A person with Alzheimer's disease will have severe memory loss as the condition worsens and lose the capacity to do basic tasks.
Symptoms may momentarily get better or progress more slowly with medication. These therapies occasionally enable persons with Alzheimer's disease to maintain independence and optimize function. Numerous services and programs are available to assist those who have Alzheimer's disease and those who care for them.
There is currently no known medication for Alzheimer's disease that can stop the illness's progression in the brain. Death occurs in advanced stages of the illness as a result of complications from significant loss of brain function, including dehydration, starvation, and infection.
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The sphincter that allows chyme to pass into the small intestine is known as the:_____.
The sphincter that allows chyme to pass into the small intestine is known as the pyloric sphincter.
What is Chyme?This is defined as the semi fluid partly digested mass of food which has been expelled by the stomach. It also results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown it undergoes and contains enzymes and other types of acids.
The pyloric sphincter allows chyme to be passed into the small intestine for further digestive processes such as enzymatic actions and also back flow which is why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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The nurse is reviewing the procedure for vitamin k injection in the newborn with a nursing student. which information would the nurse provide to the student?
The information which the nurse who is reviewing the procedure for vitamin k injection in the newborn would provide to the student will be that Vitamin K is required in the body for blood clotting.
Vitamin K injections are given to newborns to prevent serious diseases such as haemorrhagic damage or its deficiency to the newborn. It can be given to newborns in the form of drops or injections but the injections are safer and more effective.
The injection should be given as IM (intramuscular) dose injection within 6 Hours post birth. One intramuscular (IM) dose of vitamin must be given routinely within the time period (0.5 mg for infants weighing ≤1,500 g or 1.0 mg for infants weighing >1,500 g).
The student should make sure that follow up doses are important. If the newborn is not ready for injection then oral medicine in form of drops can be given.
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Exercise has no positive effects on the nervous system. T F
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Ambulatory infusion centers are free standing centers that dispense and administer prescribed medications by continuous or intermitten infusion to ambulatory patients. True or false
It is true that ambulatory infusion centers are free standing centers that dispense and administer prescribed medications by continuous or intermitten infusion to ambulatory patients.
The ambulatory infusion centers offer administration of varied medication like antibiotic, therapy, pain management medication, etc. to the patients.
Healthcare professionals could refer a patient as ambulatory patient . This suggests the patient is in a position to steer around. When surgery or medical treatment, a patient is also unable to steer unassisted. Once the patient is in a position to try and do therefore, he's noted to be ambulant.
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The healthcare practitioner is caring for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (dka). the healthcare practitioner observes the patient for which electrolyte imbalance?
The healthcare practitioner observes shift in potassium ion concentration.
Rapid changes in the plasma concentration of potassium ions can occur during diabetic ketoacidosis.Despite the fact that diabetic ketoacidosis causes a deficiency of total potassium stores in the body, acidemia plasma levels are usually normal or above 1,2 due to the cell release of The majority of these individuals have an extracellular fluid deficit of 5-10%. The patient's weight decreased from 72 kg to 68 kg last month. He may have lost a little lean body mass, but he may be about 7% underweight. (However, clinical assessment is often imprecise).Therefore, potassium ion concentration will be disturbed.
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What is the reason for mixing two or more medications in one syringe for an intramuscular injection?
Answer:
the reasons are that Some medications must be mixed from two vials or from a vial and an ampule. Mixing compatible medications avoids the need to give a patient more than one injection.
Explanation:
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The client in the scenario had a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. what would be the priority education topics to teach the patient?
The priority education topics to teach the patient which has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease include;
Remaining in upright position at least 2 hours after meals.Proper mastication of food and eating slowly.What is GERD?This is referred to as Gastroesophageal reflux disease which is characterized by bile and stomach acid irritating the food pipe lining due to the repeated back flow to the area.
The topics which should be taught is eating slowly and proper mastication so as to ensure that digestion occurs faster and sitting upright will also assists to prevent the back flow of the acids and enzymes.
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A workout that alternates periods of high-intensity exercise with periods of low-intensity exercise or rest is known as __________ workout.
Answer:
An Interval Workout
Explanation:
The nurse should instruct the client that the most common type of renal calculi is composed of:_______
The nurse should instruct the client that the most common type of renal calculi is composed of calcium salts like calcium oxalate.
Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi are the insoluble mass of crystallized salts that are formed within the kidney.
There are four types of kidney stones - calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine.
These stones accumulate and block the urinary tract i.e, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, etc, and cause various symptoms like pain, fever, nausea, etc.
Out of the four types of kidney stones, the most common type is calcium oxalate.
Almost 3/4th of all kidney stones are made of calcium oxalate.
Thus, the nurse should instruct the client that the most common type of renal calculi is composed of calcium salts like calcium oxalate.
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Explain the role of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in human body?
Answer: In Explanation
Explanation:
Nitrogen is required for protein synthesis and production of several nitrogenous compounds such as neurotransmitters, hormones, and components of antioxidant defense.
Carbon Dioxide is a dilator of smooth muscle. Smooth muscle surrounds hollow spaces in the human body (bladder, bowel, arteries, bronchial airways, etc). The smooth muscle around these hollow spaces will spasm and constrict if your alveolar CO2 levels are low. Carbon Dioxide also transports oxygen to your tissues, and is also the regulator of PH levels of the blood.
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are such an important element for plants that it analyse and carefully management and if mismanaged can lead to severe environmental issues.
What is the role of carbon dioxide in breathing ?Breathing gas for plants is carbon dioxide and for human beings is oxygen.
Carbon dioxide is consumed by the plants for the process called photosynthesis so the plants give out oxygen which is important for survival.
Nitrogen is taken by the micro organisms for the fixation of soil which is also important for a healthy plant and production of more of oxygen.
Nitrogen makes up 3% of the human body by mass. It is found in all organisms in molecules as amino acids that make up proteins), nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an essential energy molecule.
Carbon is the main constituent of sugars, proteins, fats, DNA, muscle cells and almost in everything in your body.
The reason carbon is so important is is to the electron configuration of the individual atoms.
Both CO and NO are neurotransmitters as well.
Therefore both of these are important elements.
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The first step to learning to maintain your anxiety at a functional level is to:
The first step to learning to maintain your anxiety at a functional level is to understand the causes of dysfunctional anxiety.
Experiencing plenty of stress for long period will result in anxiety. Environmental factors that could cause anxiety may include experiencing a trauma would possibly trigger it, particularly in somebody who has transmitted a better risk to begin. It could also be heredity.
In order to maintain your anxiety you should take a time-out, eat well-balanced meals, limit alcohol and caffeine, which can aggravate anxiety and trigger panic attacks, get enough sleep, exercise daily to help you feel good and maintain your health, take deep breaths, count to 10 slowly, and do your best.
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While teaching a patient about sublingual nitroglycerin, the nurse explains proper use and storage. when the patient asks whether the medication ever expires, the nurse should respond that it?
While teaching a patient about sublingual nitroglycerin, the nurse explains proper use and storage and when the patient asks whether the medication ever expires, the nurse should respond that it should be replaced every six months.
Sublingual nitroglycerin tablets are used to treat episodes of angina (chest pain) in those who have coronary artery disease. It's conjointly used simply before activities that will cause episodes of angina so as to stop the angina from occurring.
Storage of the sublingual nitroglycerin is at room temperature, faraway from heat, moisture, and direct light.
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An older adult client is admitted to a long-term care facility because of the progression to the moderate stage of alzheimer disease. how should the nurse proceed with functional assessment?
An older adult client is admitted to a long-term care facility because of the progression to the moderate stage of Alzheimer's disease so the nurse should use an assessment tool that is designed for use with cognitively impaired clients to proceed with functional assessment.
Alzheimer's disease is a nervous disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the power to hold out the only tasks. In the majority with the unwellness — those with the late-onset kind symptoms 1st seem in their mid-60s.
Assessment tools may include BCAT Self-Assessment Tools, BCRS, FAST, and GDS, Dementia Severity Rating Scale, IQCODE, etc.
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A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension who asks if there is any harm in stopping antihypertensive medication. what is the nurse's best response?
The best response "Rebound hypertension can occur."
clients must be made conscious that rebound hypertension may take place in the event that they all at once stop the use of antihypertensive medicinal drug. this is a primary threat and might have terrible consequences. The cessation of antihypertensive remedy might no longer motive hypotension.
What queries does a patient with just discovered high blood pressure make to the nurse?
A purchaser with currently discovered high blood pressure inquires about methods to reduce the risk of related cardiovascular issues. Which hazard detail can the purchaser not alternate? A nurse is guiding a patient thru the method of maintaining song in their blood pressure at home.
"have you ever taken your prescribed clonidine today?" The nurse ought to ask whether the consumer has taken his prescribed clonidine. clients want to be informed that rebound high blood pressure can arise if antihypertensive medications are all of sudden stopped. in particular, a aspect impact of clonidine is rebound or withdrawal hypertension.
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With a patient who is administered an injection of colony stimulating factor (csf), you would expect to see ________.
In a patient who is administered an injection of the colony stimulating factor (CSF) it is expected to see an increased white blood cell count (i.e., WBCC) regarding normal values.
What is the colony stimulating factor?The colony-stimulating factor (also abbreviated as CSF) can be denoted as specific protein factors linked to carbohydrates (glycoproteins) capable of binding with receptors present on the cell membrane of hemopoietic stem cells.
These are hemopoietic stem cells are associated with the production of white blood cells, thereby it can increase the white blood cell count too excesive abnormal values, e.g., 5,000 to 11,300 white blood cells per microliter.
In conclusion, with a patient who is administered an injection of the colony stimulating factor it is expected to see an increased white blood cell count (i.e., WBCC) regarding normal values.
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The ______ is a measure of diet quality that assesses concordance with the u. S. Dietary guidelines for americans. This score is based on a 100-point scoring system with a higher score indicating a better diet quality.
The Healthy Eating Index is a measure of diet quality that assesses concordance with the u. S. Dietary guidelines for americans. This score is based on a 100-point scoring system with a higher score indicating a better diet quality.
What is Healthy Eating Index?
A scoring system called the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) can be used to assess the overall quality of a diet as well as the quality of certain dietary components. The HEI is a gauge of diet quality that isn't dependent on dietary intake in order to determine how well the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans are being followed (DGAs).
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Jack, who is wheelchair-bound, is upset because it seems as if his physical disability determines, nearly entirely, how others interact with him. why might this be happening?
Answer:
Well it's because he is not able to walk.And he is always in a wheelchair
Sleep often is disrupted for critically ill patients. which nursing intervention is most appropriate to promote sleep and rest?
The most appropriate nursing intervention is Consultation with the pharmacist to adjust medication times to allow periods of sleep or rest between intervals.
What are nursing interventions?
Nursing interventions are the steps that a nurse takes to carry out their patient care plan, such as any treatments, procedures, or learning opportunities meant to increase the patient's health and comfort.
Some of the common nursing intervention includes: Bedside care and assistance, Administration of medication, Postpartum support, Feeding assistance, Monitoring of vitals and recovery progress.
Patients who are seriously ill frequently experience disturbed sleep. The pharmacist consultation to change medication schedules to allow for periods of sleep or rest between intervals is the nursing intervention that is best suitable to promote sleep and rest.
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