In the transduction of sound, potassium plays an important role. It flows from the endolymph into the hair cell, depolarizing it. Thus, the correct option is E.
What is Transduction of sound?
Transduction is the conversion of sound waves to an equivalent electrical waveform. Transduction occurs in the mechanoreceptive hair cells of the ear which are anchored in the organ of Corti. The proximate mechanical stimulus in the cell is deflection of the hair bundles against the overlying acellular tectorial membrane of the organ of Corti.
In the transduction of sound, potassium plays an important role which involves the flow from the endolymph into the hair cells, which results into depolarizing it.
Therefore, the correct option is E.
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Silverswords had no tree and shrub competitors prior to recent human ecological disturbance to the Hawaiian Islands. Descended from a tarweed ancestor that evolved in an environment with many tree and shrub species, its arrival on the islands represented a(n) _______because of a(n)_______.
Humans introduced Silverswords to the Hawaiin islands, which was an unprecedented event.
What is the significance of introduction of Silverwords to Hawaiian Islands?Silverswords had no tree and shrub competitors prior to recent human ecological disturbance to the Hawaiian Island.This introduction of an unfamiliar species to a new environment created competition for resources, resulting in what is now known as the human ecological disturbance to the Hawaiian Islands also changed the existing balance of the ecosystem and led to changes in the environment and the types of species that could survive there.
The introduction of Silverswords to the Hawaiian Islands has had a significant impact on the environment and resulted in the displacement of other species, as well as the introduction of new species, such as feral pigs, cats, and goats which further impacted the environment and caused further changes in the ecosystem.
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what is the medical term for the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint?
Synovectomy is the medical term which is used for the surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a particular joint.
Synovium basically refers to the soft tissue which lines the spaces of the diarthrodial joints, bursae and the tendon sheaths. It basically includes the continuous surface layer of cells or the intima and the underlying tissue which is known as the subintima.
A synovectomy is basically a surgical procedure which is used to treat the synovitis and a few other conditions that affect the synovium which forms the lining of the inside of certain joints which are known as called synovial joints present in our knee, our shoulder or elbow. In this particular procedure, much of the synovium gets removed.
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an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms is?
An organism that consumes other plants or animals for energy and nutrients is referred to as a heterotroph. Its origins are in the Greek words hetero, which means "other," and trophe, which means "nutrition."
Because they eat producers or other consumers, heterotrophs are referred to as consumers. Humans, dogs, and birds are all instances of heterotrophs.
In a food chain, a group of creatures that supply energy and nutrients to other organisms, heterotrophs occupy the second and third levels.
In many different ways, photosynthesis is advantageous to heterotrophs. They rely on the method for the creation of oxygen, which happens to be a result of photosynthesis. Additionally, photosynthesis maintains the autotrophs on which heterotrophs rely for survival. Carnivores that eat meat may not be directly dependent on photosynthetic plants to exist, but they do rely on other creatures that do so for sustenance.
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Molecular chaperones assist proteins in the formation of ___.
Molecular chaperones assist proteins in the formation of unfolded polypeptide chains.
Helper proteins known as molecular chaperones assist unfolded or improperly folded polypeptide chains in refolding into a more orderly configuration. Molecular chaperones are found in all living organisms. These proteins are responsible for preventing the proteins from interacting non-selectively with other components of the cell, which is their primary function.
In order to keep cellular proteostasis stable under physiological and stressful conditions, molecular chaperones, which were first recognized as heat shock proteins (Hsps), assist in the folding of newly synthesized proteins, inhibit and reverse the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, and assist in the degradation of proteins that have become terminally misfolded.
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How many different kinds of reactions could a single enzyme be involved in?
A single enzyme can be involved in multiple types of reactions, and the number of different reactions can vary depending on the specific enzyme.
Enzymes are highly specific protein molecules that catalyze biochemical reactions, increasing the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process.
Each enzyme has a unique active site, which is a specific region on the enzyme's surface that interacts with the substrate, the molecule that the enzyme acts upon. The active site is highly specific to the substrate and the reaction it catalyzes, and a single enzyme can have multiple active sites that can each catalyze a different reaction.
For example, a single enzyme may be involved in both anabolic and catabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions involve the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller building blocks, while catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones. Additionally, some enzymes can participate in multiple, sequential reactions within a single metabolic pathway.
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The hundreds of varied fruit fly species on the Hawaiian Islands arose through adaptive radiation. Which piece of evidence would best support this claim?
A. The Hawaiian fruit fly species all physically resemble one another more than they do non-Hawaiian fruit flies.
B. The Hawaiian fruit fly species are more closely related to each other genetically than they are to non-Hawaiian fruit flies.
C. The Hawaiian fruit fly species all occupy similar ecological niches.
D. The Hawaiian fruit fly species are radioactive.
The hundreds of varied fruit fly species which are present on the Hawaiian Islands arose through the process of adaptive radiation and this is because the Hawaiian fruit fly species are comparatively more closely related to each other genetically than to non-Hawaiian fruit flies.
Hence, option B is the correct option.
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is basically the process in which the organisms are able to diversify rapidly from the ancestral species into a number of different new forms. This particularly happens when there is a change in the environment and makes new resources available, alters the biotic interactions or opens up new environmental niches.
The hundreds of different fruit fly species present on the islands of Hawaii were able to show the process of adaptive radiation as they are more genetically closely related to each other as compared to non-Hawaiian flies.
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why is screening an important part of the recovery of human remains? group of answer choices because it gives graduate students something to do it allows us to collect insect samples from the soil it allows us to collect plant samples from the soil it allows us to collect small bones that may have been missed screening is not important to forensic anthropological recoveries
It enables us to gather any overlooked or tiny bones.Their investigation offers fascinating new perspectives on ancient peoples and cultures.
By advancing critical studies in disciplines like archaeology, bioarchaeology, and physical anthropology, the research of the human bones in the collection also advances our knowledge of the past. Their investigation offers fascinating new perspectives on ancient peoples and cultures. Definition. When using screening techniques, the extracted dirt is examined using various sized screen meshes. It enables us to gather any overlooked or tiny bones.Their investigation offers fascinating new perspectives on ancient peoples and cultures.Due to their small size, artefacts and ecofacts are typically missed when sediments are removed, but this process makes it possible to recover them. Three basic steps of inquiry are often involved in forensic detection of human remains: Background investigation, the recovery of remains, laboratory testing, and comparison.
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when would you use the dark-field microscope? a. to observe organisms that do not stain well b. to observe living organisms in wet-mount preparations c. to observe organisms against a dark background d. all of the above
Option a is Correct. when we would look at non-staining organisms using a dark-field microscope. When examining materials in their natural form without staining them, phase-contrast microscopy is a very helpful approach.
A microscope (a tool for magnifying small things) in which the items are illuminated from the side at an extremely low angle, making the background appear black and allowing the objects to stand out against it.
In clear outline and with high contrast to their surroundings, objects that cannot be seen under regular light microscopy are viewed. NO! It would be pointless to use a wet mount if staining methods killed the microorganisms on the slide. Various more factors Wet Mounts require water, hence we are unable to employ 100X oil immersion.
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what is the process of breaking down food to its smallest units in order for the nutrients to be absorbed? group of answer choices consumption ingestion absorption excretion digestion
Answer: absorption
Explanation: it says in the question “in order for the nutrients to. Be absorbed”. So it would most likely be absorption :)
Answer:
The correct answer is Digestion
Explanation:
Digestion is the process of mechanically and enzymatically breaking down food into substances for absorption into the bloodstream.
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whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of____
Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of cells.
What do you mean by cells?
In biology, a cell is a basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and is made up of which all living organisms are made. A single cell, such as a bacterium or yeast, is frequently a complete organism in and of itself. As cells age, they develop specialized functions. These cells collaborate with other specialized cells to form the foundation of huge multicellular organisms like humans and other animals. Despite being far larger than atoms, cells are nonetheless incredibly small.
The cell, as an isolated unit, is capable of metabolizing its own nutrition, creating many different types of chemicals, producing its own energy, and duplicating itself to form subsequent generations. It can be considered a closed vessel in which numerous chemical processes occur at the same time.
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what is the name of the follicle that achieves full maturity under fsh stimulation and then forms a thin-walled blister on the surface of the ovary?
The follicle that achieves full maturity under FSH stimulation and then forms a thin-walled blister on the surface of the ovary is called the Graafian follicle.
The Graafian follicle, a mature ovary-based structure named after the pioneering Dutch physician Regnier de Graaf, embodies the epitome of fertilization readiness.
Stimulated to full maturity by the potent hormone follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) produced by the anterior pituitary gland, the Graafian follicle swells to a staggering 20-25mm in size, its walls transforming into a delicate and vulnerable blister-like state.
At the peak of its maturity, the Graafian follicle ruptures, releasing the egg into the waiting arms of the fallopian tube in a triumphant ovulatory burst, ready for potential fertilization.
In the absence of fertilization, the remnants of the Graafian follicle transmute into the corpus luteum, which wields hormonal power to regulate the intricacies of the menstrual cycle.
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One end of a trna contains the _____________ while the other contains ________________.
A transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule has an anticodon on one end and an amino acid acceptor site on the other.
The amino acid acceptor site is where the amino acid is covalently attached to the tRNA molecule. The tRNA acts as a carrier, transporting the amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place.
The anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides located at the other end of the tRNA molecule. The anticodon recognizes a complementary codon on messenger RNA (mRNA) during translation, matching the codon to the appropriate amino acid.
In summary, the amino acid acceptor site on the tRNA molecule allows for the attachment of an amino acid, while the anticodon at the other end of the molecule recognizes and binds to a complementary codon on mRNA.
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Viruses that contain _________ as their genetic material are often assigned to species group; the same is not true of viruses with ___________ as their genetic material.
In contrast to viruses with RNA as their genetic material, viruses with DNA as their genetic material are frequently placed to species groups.
All known living organisms require DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the genomic material found in cells, to store and carry out their genetic instructions. One of the three main macromolecules required for life is DNA, along with RNA and proteins.
The nucleus is where the majority of the DNA is found, while mitochondria also contain a tiny quantity (mitochondrial DNA). DNA is arranged into units called chromosomes in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. A cell's genome is made up of all of its chromosomes; the human genome includes 46 chromosomes and about 3 billion base pairs of DNA. The sequence of DNA fragments known as genes is where the information conveyed by DNA is stored.
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True or false? The inner cell mass of the blastocyst becomes the embryo, while the outer cell layer of the blastocyst forms part of the placenta.
True, the inner cell mass of the blastocyst becomes the embryo, while the outer cell layer of the blastocyst forms part of the placenta.
What is a blastocyst?A blastocyst is a fertilized egg's clump of dividing cells. It's an embryo in its early stages. A blastocyst is one of the steps that lead to pregnancy.
Five to six days after a sperm fertilizes an egg, a blastocyst develops. Cell layers of the blastocyst divide and separate. They will eventually evolve into structures that will safeguard and nourish the developing embryo.
A fertilized egg's blastocyst stage is critical for in-vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF is the procedure of developing an embryo outside of the body of the birthing parent in order to aid in pregnancy.
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break down foods into smaller molecules through hydrolysis. true or false
Use hydrolysis to break down food into more compact molecules. true
Chemical digestion breaks down the large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, as well as fats into smaller ones that the cells can absorb and use. Water and digestive enzymes are combined during chemical digestion, or hydrolysis, to break down the complex molecules. Food is moved through the GI tract during digestion. Chewing starts the digestive process in the mouth, and the small intestine is where it ends. Large food molecules break down into smaller ones as it moves through the GI tract due to the interaction of the food with digestive juices. The bonds holding the food's molecular "building blocks" together can be broken by an enzymatic hydrolysis digestion process. Amino acids, which serve as proteins' "building blocks," are disassembled.
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Which of the elements of the Interactive Public Commons described in the "Democracies Online" would be most closely aligned with the examples of how Arizona and Minnesota Legislatures permitted live streaming of committee and floor sessions?
Government. A relational database management system (RDBMS), the most popular kind of DBMS, uses SQL as its application programming interface.
SQL is a standard programming language for defining, safeguarding, and accessing data. First, the accuracy of the mechanical clock, which had become unmatched since Christiaan Huygens applied the regular swing of a pendulum in 1657, was unmatched. Many of the most well-liked database servers throughout the world employ Structured Query Language (SQL), which is the de facto industry standard programming language. A standardised programming language called Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to administer relational databases and carry out various operations on the data they contain.
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over a period of several years, a large hospital kept track of the number of births of babies displaying achondroplasia, a rare condition caused by an autosomal dominant allele that results in dwarfism with abnormal body proportions. after 120,000 births, it was noted that 27 babies had been born with achondroplasia. one physician was interested in determining how many of these dwarf babies resulted from new mutations and whether the apparent mutation rate in this geographical area was higher than normal. he looked up the families of the 27 dwarf births and discovered that 4 of the dwarf babies had a dwarf parent. what is the apparent mutation
Let's assume that the total number of births from families without a dwarf parent is 120,000 - 4 = 119,996.
The number of dwarf births from families with a dwarf parent is 4.
The number of dwarf births from families without a dwarf parent is 27 - 4 = 23.
Therefore, the apparent mutation rate is 23 / 119,996 = 0.000192 or 0.019%.
This apparent mutation rate is higher than the normal mutation rate for achondroplasia, which is estimated to be around 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000.
What is achondroplasia?
Achondroplasia is a hereditary condition that affects bone growth in the body and results in improper cartilage and bone development. As a result, they are short-statured, have short arms and legs, and have larger-than-average heads. It is the most prevalent type of dwarfism and is brought on by a hereditary FGFR3 gene mutation. As a dominant genetic illness, achondroplasia increases the likelihood that one of the parents will pass the gene to their offspring by 50%.
The fibroblast growth factor receptor is a protein in the body that is impacted by the genetic disorder achondroplasia. This protein starts to behave incorrectly in a condition called achondroplasia, which slows the formation of bone in the growth plate cartilage.
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the protein that walks around in the cell to move stuff, called kinesin, requires energy to move. is it likely to react with atp as it moves?
The protein that walks around in the cell to move stuff, called kinesin, requires energy to move. React with ATP while moving is yes, hydrolysis of ATP gives it energy.
Protein is a combination of various amino acids bound by peptides. Proteins in cells play a role in forming cell structures, forming various enzymes, forming hormones, and several types of proteins have physiological roles.
Kinesin is a motor protein capable of moving across several cellular surfaces. The process of kinesin movement requires energy which is provided through the chemical hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced by cellular respiration, for the process of transporting cellular cargo along microtubules and separation of daughter cells.
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how many complete rotations would most likely correspond to a positively supercoiled dna molecule that is 100 bp in length?
The amount of complete rotations that would most likely correspond to a positively supercoiled DNA molecule that has a length of 100 bp is 15.
DNA strands can get supercoiled. The supercoiling of DNA refers to the number of twists in a particular DNA strand. Positively supercoiled DNA is the overwound DNA that tends to be generated during DNA replication and transcription.
In a positively supercoiled DNA that has a length of 100 bp, the amount of complete rotation it has is most likely 15. That's because there are around 5 base pairs per turn of the helix of a positively supercoiled DNA.
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the spinocerebellar tract carries this type of sensation: group of answer choices proprioception vibration pain fine touch heat and cold
Proprioception, vibration, and fine touch are the type of sensation carried by the spinocerebellar tract.
What is spinocerebellar tract?
Spinocerebellar tract is an ascending pathway of nerve fibres that originate from the spinal cord and travel up to the cerebellum. This tract conveys sensory information to the cerebellum, which helps to coordinate muscle movement and balance. This includes the proprioceptive information from the muscles and joints, as well as information about tactile sensations. It plays an important role in the control of posture and the coordination of movements.
It is one of the pathways that connect the spinal cord to the cerebellum that allows the cerebellum to receive sensory information from both the body and the inner ear which allows the cerebellum to coordinate movement and balance properly.
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Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling.
A) ventricular ejection, ventricular relaxation, isovolumetric contraction
B) ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, isovolumetric relaxation
C) isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction
D) isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation
The phases of cardiac cycle starting after the ventricular filling, in the correct order are isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation.
Hence, option D) is the correct option.
The cardiac cycle basically attributes to the comprehensive heartbeat right from its production and then to the commencement of the next heartbeat. It comprises of the diastole, the systole, as well as the intervening pause. The occurrence of the cardiac cycle is basically illustrated by a heart rate, which is indicated by the beats per minute.
After the ventricular filling, the phases of the cardiac cycle occur in the following order: isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation.
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In the elodea video, most of the cells that are streaming are?a)Bundle sheath cells b)Sieve cells c)Epidermal cells d)Xylem cells
The majority of the cells flowing in an elodea video are most likely xylem cells. Elodea is an aquatic plant, and its xylem cells transfer water and dissolved minerals.
from the roots to the rest of the plant. Xylem cells have a particular structure that allows them to transport water and nutrients over great distances, and their movement may be seen in a video as streaming cells. Bundle sheath cells, sieve cells, and epidermal cells are equally crucial in plant architecture and physiology, although they are not as obvious in videos as xylem cells. majority of the cells flowing in an elodea video are most likely xylem cells. Elodea is an aquatic plant, and its xylem cells transfer water and dissolved minerals.
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process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vesicle around it
Answer: Endocytosis
Explanation: Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle. These can include things like nutrients to support the cell or pathogens that immune cells engulf and destroy.
The macromolecule that can accomplish the widest range of biological functions are
A. carbohydrates
B. proteins
C. nucleic acids
D. lipids
E. glycolipids
The macromolecule that can accomplish the widest range of biological functions are Proteins. So, option B is correct.
Large biomolecules and macromolecules known as proteins are made up of one or more extended chains of amino acid residues. Among the many tasks that proteins carry out in living things include catalysing metabolic processes, replicating DNA, reacting to stimuli, giving cells and organisms structure, and moving molecules from one place to another. The primary way that proteins differ from one another is in the order of their amino acids, which is determined by the nucleotide sequence of their genes and typically causes a protein to fold into a certain 3D structure that controls its activity.
A polypeptide is an ordered sequence of amino acid residues. At least one lengthy polypeptide is present in every protein. Less than 20–30 residue polypeptides are frequently referred to as peptides and are rarely thought of as proteins.
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What has metagenomic analysis allowed researchers to do for the first time?
The metagenomic analysis allowed researchers to discover many different types of live forms and their enzymes which may be useful for several purposes.
What is the relative importance of making metagenomic analyses?The relative importance of making metagenomic analyses is based on the fact we can discover useful enzymes such as the taq polymerase which is used to amplify DNA.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the relative importance of making metagenomic analyses depends on the discovery of different types of microorganisms and the biodiversity of biomolecules they hold in nature.
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The base of the heart is located at the bottom of the heart.
a. True
b. False
It is False that the base of the heart is located at the bottom of the heart. The base is located at the top of the heart.
The location of the heart's base at the level of the third costal cartilage. The apex, or inferior tip of the heart, is located just to the left of the sternum, near the point where the fourth and fifth ribs join the costal cartilages. The right side of the heart has an anterior deflection, while the left side has a posterior deflection. When looking at images taken from a midsagittal perspective and placing a stethoscope on a patient's chest to listen for heart sounds, it is essential to keep the position and orientation of the heart in mind.
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what best explains why antibiotics are not effective in killing viruses?
Antibiotics are not effective in killing viruses because bacteria and fungi that produce antibiotics treat bacterial infections rather than viral ones. they are unable to eradicate viruses
Since viruses are so basic and depend on their host cells for survival, antibiotics are ineffectual in the fight against viral illnesses. Living things are killed by antibiotics because they break down their cell walls. There is no cell wall in the viruses. Because viruses rely on host cells for their operations, bacteria and fungi that produce antibiotics treat bacterial infections rather than viral ones. they are unable to eradicate viruses. They are acellular creatures, viruses. When they are not within a living cell, they have an inert crystalline structure. Viruses lack a cell wall and contain their genetic material in their protein coat. Because viruses cannot replicate themselves, they exploit the machinery of the host to create several copies of themselves. the healthy cells are reprogrammed while making many genome copies inside of them through infection.
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each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true except
Each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true EXCEPT it protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
Compared to gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive organisms have a thicker peptidoglycan cell wall. The peptidoglycan layer of the gram-negative cell wall is 2 to 3 nm thick and protected by an outer lipid bilayer membrane, whereas this polymer is 20 to 80 nm thick. While Gram negative bacteria have an outer lipid membrane and a thin peptidoglycan layer, Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer.
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at the conclusion of cytokinesis, each daughter cell from mitosis contains ___________ of chromosomes.
At the conclusion of cytokinesis, each daughter cell from mitosis contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Chromosomes, which are thread-like components found in the nucleus of every cell, are bundles of the DNA molecule. Each chromosome's supporting proteins, known as histones, are built from DNA that has been tightly wrapped countless times.
Even under a microscope, when a cell is not dividing, chromosomes cannot be seen in the nucleus of the cell. But during cell division, the DNA that constitutes chromosomes is packed more densely and becomes visible under a microscope. By monitoring chromosomes during cell division, scientists have learned most of what they know about chromosomes.
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indicate which of the following are functions of mitosis. multiple select question. it allows development of an individual, composed of some 50 trillion cells, from a one-celled fertilized egg. it replaces the cells that die with new ones. it produces gametes like eggs or sperm cells. it allows growth of all tissues and organs after birth. it repairs damaged tissues.
It allows the development of an individual, composed of some 50 trillion cells, from a one-celled fertilized egg.
It replaces the cells that die with new ones.
It produces gametes like eggs or sperm cells.
What is the mitosis process?
When a cell divides during mitosis, it produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. It is a complicated process that takes place in eukaryotic cells and is essential for organism growth and repair. During mitosis, the parent cell's DNA is copied, split into two identical sets of chromosomes, and then separated into two distinct cells. Numerous proteins and checkpoints that guarantee the correctness and guard against mistakes control the mitotic process. In order to retain the integrity of an organism's genetic material, mitosis is crucial for cell division.
We are able to expand, recover from injuries, and replace damaged cells because of mitosis. These cells can only divide in this manner. This is the one essential mechanism that keeps asexual creature populations alive.
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