In terms of mechanism, recessive traits are only expressed in the 'phenotype' when two such (recessive) alleles are present.
Recessive refers to the relationship between an observed trait and the two inherited forms of a gene associated with that trait in terms of genetics. Each gene has two alleles that are inherited from each parent by the individual. A recessive trait is one that is caused by two identical alleles, and both of these alleles must be present for the characteristic to manifest. When only one copy is present, a recessive allele does not result in any phenotype at all. As opposed to a dominant trait, which can only be expressed when one of the two alleles is present, this trait can exist in both alleles.
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The complete question is:
In terms of mechanism, recessive traits are usually
A. variants of an enzyme or protein that are not functioning in the wild.
B. Only expressed in the 'phenotype' when two such (recessive) alleles are present.
C. An example of dominant-negative mutations.
D. largely in carriers but present in the population (heterozygous individuals)
the choices below each list three groups of organisms. for which choice, do all three groups include members that fit the definition of a microbe ? a. algae, fungi, animals b. microanimals, archaea, plants c. protozoans, bacteria, your liver d. viruses, algae, archaea e. none of the above
viruses, algae, archaea belongs to the same group member as they have classified under the category of microorganisms. These are also called microbes.
A microorganism, often known as a microbe, is a living entity with one or more cells that is minuscule. Sixth-century BC texts, particularly those found in the Jain scriptures of India, show skepticism toward the likelihood of microscopic life. When Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed microorganisms under a microscope in the 1670s, the scientific study of them had only recently started. Louis Pasteur's finding that bacteria were responsible for food spoilage in the 1850s disproved the notion of spontaneous creation. Robert Koch discovered in the 1880s that cholera, diphtheria, TB, and anthrax were all caused by germs.
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Where does the cell spend the least amount of time?
Answer:
The cell spends the least amount of time in the root's tip cells!
Explanation:
Hope this helped explain your question.
define the terms diffusion, passive transport, active transport, and osmosis. in each of your definitions, describe the role of a concentration gradient.
Both osmosis and diffusion are passive transport processes, meaning that no additional energy is needed for them to take place.
Particles migrate from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration in both diffusion and osmosis. When a region has a higher particle concentration than another, this is known as a concentration gradient.
A concentration gradient will cause particles in "passive transport" to diffuse down it from higher concentration to lower concentration until they are evenly spaced. Diffusion is the process by which chemicals travel passively from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. A concentration gradient is a difference in the concentration of one substance throughout a physical region.
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In a prokaryotic cell, all of the following are functions of either fimbriae or pili EXCEPT __________.O transfer of DNAO protection from phagocytosisO formation of biofilmsO attachment to a surface
The function of fimbriae and pili in prokaryotic cells is primarily for attachment to a surface and transfer of DNA.
Prokaryotic cells have thin, hair-like features called fimbriae and pili that have different purposes. In the process of conjugation, which involves the exchange of genetic material (DNA) between bacterial cells, fimbriae and pili are involved. They enable the bacteria to build biofilms and adhere to surfaces.Fimbriae and pili do not serve as phagocytosis defense mechanisms. Phagocytosis is the process by which bacteria and other foreign particles are engulfed and broken down by cells. Size, form, the presence of a capsule, and the production of certain enzymes that can lyse the phagocytic cells are some of the elements that determine a bacterium's capacity to survive phagocytosis.
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Microscopic membrane extensions that extend from the plasma membrane are called?
If chromosomes are not properly copied during mitosis, what are some potential consequences?
Answer: i think they generate changes in chromosome content
Explanation:
sexual selection may result in sexual dimorphism. is one type of artificial selection. typically occurs after mating has already taken place. explains why sexual reproduction occurs in so many species.
Sexual reproduction occurs in so many species because sexuаl reproduction produces а new combinаtion of genes in the offspring thаt mаy better enаble them to survive chаnges in the environment аnd аssist in the survivаl of the species.
Why is sexual reproduction so common?The vаriаtion thаt sexuаl reproduction creаtes аmong offspring is very importаnt to the survivаl аnd reproduction of those offspring. The only source of vаriаtion in аsexuаl orgаnisms is mutаtion. This is the ultimаte source of vаriаtion in sexuаl orgаnisms. In аddition, those different mutаtions аre continuаlly reshuffled from one generаtion to the next when different pаrents combine their unique genomes, аnd the genes аre mixed into different combinаtions by the process of meiosis.
Meiosis is the division of the contents of the nucleus thаt divides the chromosomes аmong gаmetes. Vаriаtion is introduced during meiosis, аs well аs when the gаmetes combine in fertilizаtion.
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when do cells divide? multiple select question. when neighboring cells die, opening up space in a tissue to be occupied by new cells when they grow large enough to have enough cytoplasm to distribute to their two daughter cells when they snugly contact neighboring cells or when nutrients or growth factors are withdrawn when they have replicated their dna, so they can give each daughter cell a duplicate set of genes
Explanation:
they receive signals from other cells that the tissue needs more cells because of an injury or increased demand
How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to global warming?(1 point) responses burning fossil fuels removes carbon dioxide and other gases from the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels removes carbon dioxide and other gases from the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels introduces carbon dioxide to parts of the atmosphere that never had it. burning fossil fuels introduces carbon dioxide to parts of the atmosphere that never had it. burning fossil fuels adds greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels adds greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels removes oxygen and other gases from the atmosphere. burning fossil fuels removes oxygen and other gases from the atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming by adding greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere.
The release of these gases traps heat in the atmosphere and causes the temperature of the earth to rise. This increase in temperature is referred to as global warming and can have devastating effects on the planet's ecosystems, including the melting of polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and more frequent and intense natural disasters. The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main driver of global warming and it is primarily caused by the burning of fossil fuels for energy.
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Where does the energy come from that drives water transport in plants? (A) Membrane pumps (B) Water. (C) The Sun. (D) ATP
The energy required to drive the water transport inside the plants is derived from: (C) sun.
The solar heat from the sun causes the evaporation of water from the top region of the plants. This creates a negative pressure on the top region of the plants. This pressure causes the water to be transported from the roots to the top of the plants.
Water transport is the travelling of water from the roots to the leaves of the plants. This is a unidirectional pathway. The roots absorb water from the soil and the transport takes place by means of the xylem components.
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Enzyme that adds nucleotides to expose nitrogen bases______
Polymerase. A DNA polymerase enzyme adds DNA nucleotides to the 3′ end of the template during elongation.
The base-pairing rules are followed by DNA polymerases as they add nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases. The original DNA molecule splits into two copies that are identical to it. DNA polymerase, an enzyme, is one of the essential components in DNA replication. In order to create DNA, DNA polymerases add nucleotides one at a time to the developing DNA chain, only integrating those that are complementary to the template. One nucleotide at a time, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to a DNA strand's three primary (3')-end. DNA polymerases are essential for duplicating the cell's DNA during cell division.
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why does the level of tsh increase in hypothyroidism? what happpens to the level of tsh in hyperthyroidsm? g
Firstly hypothyroidism the TSH levels that are elevated due to loss of negative inhibition of anterior pituitary.
The deficiency of thyroid hormones can disrupt things such as heart rate, body temperature as well as metabolism.
In case of hyperthyroidism the indication is generally by low TSH levels. Hyperthyroidism is the abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. It is an organ which is situated in the front of our neck. The function of thyroid gland is to release hormones that regulate our body’s use of energy. In other words, the presence of high thyroid levels is an indication that our thyroid gland is overactive and it makes more thyroid hormones than our body needs, which causes hyperthyroidism.
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are the hormones that are released by the thyroid gland and they play an important role in the way our entire body functions. For this reason, the imbalance, such as high T4, can have far-reaching effects on almost every aspect of our health.
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the concept that defines a species on the basis of a set of unique features (morphological or genetic) that distinguish its members from other, related species is called the
The concept that defines a species on the basis of a set of unique features (morphological or genetic) that distinguish its members from other, related species is called the Phylogenetic species concept.
What is a Phylogenetic species concept?
A species is the smallest group of organisms that share an ancestor and can be identified from other groups of organisms of a similar size. This notion is known as phylogenetic species. According to this definition, a ring species is a single species that exhibits significant phenotypic diversity.
Procedure: Look for constant states within and among populations. Species can be diagnosed using either unique characters or unique combinations of characters.
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explain how milk proteins travel from where they are produced to the outside of the cell. you should name at least three differerent organelles in the pathway.
Proteins are carried in vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where they are further processed and sorted for transport to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or cell secretion.
An organelle is a specialized subunit of a cell that performs certain duties. The cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contains organelles. Organelles in more complex eukaryotic cells are frequently surrounded by their own lipid bilayers. The term organelle comes from the assumption that these structures constitute components of cells. Organelles, like the internal organs of the body, are specialized and perform important functions required for regular cellular activity.
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beta-sheets are a type of secondary structure and are found in every protein. true or false
This statement is wrong. Beta sheets are not found in all proteins.
A beta-pleated protein sheet is a type of protein secondary structure. It consists of various beta strands connected by hydrogen bonds between adjacent strands. Three to ten amino acids join together to make a β-strand polypeptide. Many proteins contain both α-helices and β-sheets, but some proteins contain only one type of secondary structure (or form neither type). A beta sheet is a type of secondary structure that describes how the backbone of a protein is arranged in space. It consists of at least two beta strands.
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the largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur is a
Species fall under the category of an assembly of organisms that possess the same characteristics and can also exchange their genes and breed with each other. Thus, species are characterized as the largest unit in which gene flow can easily occur.
Gene flow, often referred to as gene migration, geneflow, and allele flow, is the movement of genetic material from one population to another in population genetics. Two populations can be regarded as a single effective population if the rate of gene flow is high enough for them to have similar allele frequencies. It has been demonstrated that all it takes to stop populations from drifting apart is "one migrant each generation." If selection pressure is high enough, populations can diverge even when they are exchanging alleles. A key method for spreading genetic variation between populations is gene flow.
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Which zoologist stated that all cells act as the primary building blocks of life?
Answer: Theodor Schwann
Explanation: Botanist Matthias Schleiden and zoologist Theodor Schwann were studying tissues and proposed the unified cell theory, which states that all living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that all the new cells come from existing cells.
True or False: DNA comparisons represents scientific evidence that life changed over time.
The statement " DNA comparisons represent scientific evidence that life changed over time" is true.
What is DNA?DNA is the genetic material of living beings. It is present inside the nucleus of the cells. It is found in coiled for. Furthermore, it is different for every human being, and the DNA of families matches to some extent.
Evolution is a fact. All living beings evolve over time and this is caused by many factors, this cause changes in old and new generations. So, by comparing DNA, we can find out evidence for the changes over time.
Therefore, the statement is true.
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05.03 Primate EvolutionSkull Analysis [help me pls let me use work]Lab Report
Instructions: As you complete each slide of the Skull Analysis Virtual Lab Activity, please fill in this lab report with the appropriate information and data.
Title:
Objective(s):
Hypothesis:
Variables:
Materials:
Skull casts: 4 known species and 1 unknown
Calipers
Procedures:
Qualitative Observations:
Line up each of the skulls on the lab table, facing to the left, with the Frankfurt planes parallel to the ground.
Observe each skull from the side, recording your observations about the following features (use the table below to record your observations):
Forehead: Is the angle of the forehead sloping or more vertical? Is the brow ridge above the eyes small, medium, or large? Does the forehead extend out above the eyes?
Face: Is the shape of the face sloped or flattened and vertical?
Teeth: Are the teeth long or short? Sharp or dull?
Observe each skull from the bottom view and locate the foramen magnum. This is the hole that connects the brain stem to the spinal cord. Record your observation of the location of each skull’s foramen magnum. Is it located toward the front or the rear of the skull?
Observe each skull from the top and record your observations of the shape of the brain cavity. Is it more round or oval? Are the edges more squared off or pointed? Make comparisons between the skulls.
Quantitative Observations: Determine Supraorbital Height
Use the calipers to measure the distance AC (from point A to point C on the skull).
Use the calipers to measure the distance BC (from point B to point C on the skull).
These measurements will be used to calculate the skull’s supraorbital height index according to the formula: (BC/AC) × 100 = Supraorbital Height Index (note: The unit of measurement is SHI.)
Record the skull’s supraorbital height index in the data table.
Take the same measurements for each of the skulls, recording the supraorbital heights index in the data table.
Data and Observations:
Create a data table to record your observations and measurements for each skull:
Skull Forehead Face Teeth Foramen Magnum Brain Cavity Supraorbital Height (SHI)
Pan troglodytes (modern chimpanzee)
Homo sapiens
(modern human)
Homo erectus
(extinct hominid)
Australopithecus afarensis
(extinct hominid)
Unidentified Fossil Skull
Conclusion:
Be sure to answer the following reflection questions in the conclusion of your lab report:
Was your hypothesis correct? Which of the four species does the unidentified skull most resemble? Predict how you think it may relate to the other species in terms of evolution. Justify your answer with specific observations.
How do the shapes of the face, forehead, and teeth differ between the various species?
Questions:
Using what you have learned from the lesson and the virtual lab activity, answer the following questions in complete sentences:
What do you think accounts for these differences? How might some of these differences be possible adaptations?
In what way do you think the location of the foramen magnum relates to the movement of each species?
What might the shape of the skull and the supraorbital height tell us about each species?
The skull of the primates is very important in the study of evolution patterns.
Does primate skull show anything about evolution?The skull gives important information about the evolution of the primates. The shape of the jaw and teeth can reveal information about an animal's diet. By comparing the skulls of different species and their ancestral relatives, scientists can trace changes in anatomy over time and reconstruct evolutionary relationships.
The primate skull is a valuable tool in the study of primate evolution, providing insight into the anatomical changes and adaptations that have occurred over time in response to ecological and environmental pressures.
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are the major form of lipids found in foods and in the human body. multiple choice question. lipoproteins sterols phospholipids triglycerides
The primary lipid found in foods in the body is in the form of triglycerides therefore, option 4 is the right choice.
The fundamental units of the composition and operation of living cells are lipid molecules, which are hydrocarbon-containing molecules. Lipids contain things like fats, oils, waxes, some vitamins (including A, D, E, and K), hormones, and the majority of the cell membrane that isn't protein.
Triglycerides make up more than 95% of the lipids in the diet; some are obvious and some are buried in food. The marbling of fat in meat and concentrated fats (like butter and vegetable oil) are readily apparent.
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escherichia coli belongs to the question 1 options: green sulfur bacteria. proteobacteria. spirochetes. gram-positive bacteria. actinomycetes.
Escherichia coli belongs to Proteobacteria.
What group does E. coli belong to?Proteobacteria is a large group of bacteria. It includes a pathogen such as Salmonella, Escherichia, and other genera.
All proteobacteria are Gram-negative. Gram-negative bacteria have outer membranes mainly made of lipopolysaccharide and have a thinner peptidoglycan cell wall. Besides that, gram-negative look pale reddish color after gram staining.
Escherichia coli also known as E.coli, is a member of Gammaproteobacteria, with belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are gram-negative bacillus, coliform, and facultative anaerobes. Although many strains of Escherichia coli are commensal in the human gastrointestinal tract, some of them are pathogenic or cause a variety of diseases.
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trace the pathway of stimulation through the heart. which of these pathways shows stimulation in the correct order?
The correct pathway stimulation through the heart is AV node, AV bundle, then the interventricular septum and finally then the subendocardial conducting network.
Hence, the correct option is option d.
Our heart is basically a pump which is made up of the muscle tissues. The human heart's pumping action is basically controlled by an electrical conduction system which performs the function of coordinating the contraction of the chambers of the heart.
The correct pathway of stimulation through the human heart among the given options is AV node, AV bundle, then the interventricular septum and finally then the subendocardial conducting network.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Trace the pathway of stimulation through the heart. Which of these pathways shows stimulation in the correct order?
a.) subendocardial conducting network, interventricular septum, AV bundle, AV node.
b.) AV bundle, subendocardial conducting network, interventricular septum, SA node.
c.) SA node, interventricular septum, AV node, papillary muscles.
d.) AV node, AV bundle, interventricular septum, subendocardial conducting network"--
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steroid hormones have hormone receptors in the: a. cell membrane. b. nucleus of the cell and cell membrane. c. nucleus of the cell. d. cytoplasm of the cell.
Steroid hormones have hormone receptors in the nucleus and cell membrane of the cell. So the correct option is option B.
The most widely studied class of steroid hormone receptors are the nuclear receptors, named for their function as ligand-dependent transcription factors in the cell nucleus. Steroid hormone action in musculoskeletal cells involves membrane receptors and the rapid cellular responses to regulate gene expression via signaling cascades. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is an intracellular steroid hormone receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of proteins. The MR mediates the physiological action of two important adrenal steroid hormones, aldosterone, and cortisol that have important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis. They are generally intracellular receptors (typically cytoplasmic or nuclear) and initiate signal transduction for steroid hormones which lead to changes in gene expression over a time period of hours to days.
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Based on the cell theory, which of the following is true?
All cells perform the same function.
All cells are of the same size and shape.
Organisms can have only one or many cells.
Cells vary in size depending on the size of the organism.
Based on the cell theory, Organisms can have only one or many cells is true.
What do you mean by cell theory?Cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Everything that lives is made up of cells. The second part of cell theory was that new cells are formed from preexisting cells. The third part is that all cells are similar. Finally, cells are the most basic units of life.
Cells removed from tissues can survive independently for short periods of time. Nothing smaller than a cell has been found to be able to live independently. Experiments by Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur have demonstrated that cells cannot grow in sealed and sterile conditions.
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how did the swimmer in the video prepare for the energy demands he was about to place on his body? how did his body manage his fuel reserves?
Swimmers preparing for high-intensity events typically follow a rigorous training regimen that includes strength and endurance exercises, as well as proper nutrition.
This helps to build the muscles used in swimming, as well as increase the swimmer's overall fitness level. During exercise, the body manages fuel reserves by using stored carbohydrates and fats to produce energy. The body's muscles also produce lactic acid, which can lead to fatigue. To manage this, the body has a system in place to clear the lactic acid and replenish its fuel reserves through the process of oxygen respiration. Proper nutrition, hydration, and recovery techniques also play a crucial role in managing the body's fuel reserves during and after intense exercise.
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The bar graph shows the energy of the skater, where could she be on the track?
She is at the starting point with maximum kinetic energy.
Define kinetic energy.
The energy an object has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy in physics. It is described as the effort required to move a mass-determined body from rest to the indicated velocity. The body holds onto the kinetic energy it acquired during its acceleration until its speed changes.
Energy that is capable of changing into another form of energy is called potential energy. The potential energy of an object is influenced by its physical characteristics and location within a system. Potential energy is the energy that is stored in any object or system as a result of its position or component arrangement.
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why is turner syndrome not considered to be inherited?
The turner syndrome not considered to be inherited because it occurs when one of the two X chromosomes normally found in women is missing or incomplete.
When most or all of an X chromosome is missing from the cells in a girl's body, she develops Turner syndrome. Typically, each parent contributes one X chromosome to a daughter. The mistake that results in the missing chromosome seems to occur when the egg or sperm are being formed. The most prevalent sex chromosomal anomaly in females is the Turner syndrome, commonly known as congenital ovarian hypoplasia syndrome.
Turner syndrome is not typically passed down through families. One of the two X chromosomes that are typically present in women is absent or insufficient in Turner syndrome patients. Even though the main mechanism of Turner syndrome is unknown, it appears to result from a chance mistake made as the eggs or sperm are being formed.
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roughly what percent of human protein-coding genes are thought to be alternatively spliced?
Alternative splicing is predicted to occur in around 95% of human protein-coding genes.
What are genes?A gene is a piece of genetic data found in the DNA of an organism. It includes the instructions needed to create a certain protein, which serves a particular purpose in the cell. DNA, which is made up of the four chemical building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, makes up genes.
As a result, the proteome becomes more complex because a single gene can now produce several proteins. Between genes and tissues, alternative splicing varies widely, with some genes producing only a small number of isoforms while others can create dozens. The various functions of proteins in cells and the requirement for many isoforms in various tissues or developmental stages have been used as explanations for the diversity of splicing.
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chickens have a diploid chromosome number of 78. how many bivalents are there in a cell that is in the prophase of meiosis i stage of the cell cycle?
Bivalents are there in a cell that is in the prophase of meiosis i stage of the cell cycle will be 78/2 = 39.
One of the methods of cell division that results in four daughter cells is called meiosis. These cells have half of the number of chromosomes when compared to the parent cell.
The first and longest step of meiosis-i is called prophase i. The second step of meiosis-i is called metaphase i.
In prophase of meiosis-i stage of the cell cycle the number of bivalents which will be as a pair. It will the half of diploid chromosome number of 78.
This is also known as homologous pairs of chromosomes.
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in the plasma membrane of cells, the phospholipids are arranged in a___
Phospholipids are organized in two layers in the plasma membrane of cells.
The fundamental components of a cell membrane are phospholipids. A single phospholipid molecule has a head and a tail, which are two distinct ends. The head end is hydrophilic and has a phosphate group. This indicates that it is drawn to or favors water molecules.
Two fatty acid chains, or strings of hydrogen and carbon atoms, make up the tail end. These chains do not enjoy mixing with water molecules, or they are hydrophobic. A cell membrane's phospholipids are structured in a double layer known as a lipid bilayer. The hydrophilic phosphate heads are consistently positioned close to water. Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid are both examples of watery fluids (extracellular fluid).
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