For the somatic cells of a diploid individual, the number of alleles present will be two.
Diploid is the ploidy of a cell which indicates the set of chromosomes present in a cell. Diploid condition states that the cell contains two sets of chromosomes, each one received from each parent. Both the sets contains the same or different forms of a gene called allele.
Alleles are the different alternating forms of a gene. These forms are present on the homologous chromosomes. Since a diploid cell contains two homologous chromosomes that is why it contains two alleles one on each chromosome. These alleles may or may not be of the same type.
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Muscle that adducts the shoulder and causes extension of the shoulder joint __
Muscle which adducts the shoulder and causes the extension of the shoulder joint is latissimus dorsi.
The latissimus dorsi is basically a large and flat muscle present on the back which stretches to the sides, behind the arm, and is covered partly by the near the midline. This word, latissimus dorsi basically comes from Latin and means "the broadest of the back". These muscles are also commonly known as the lats. The latissimus dorsi is basically the largest muscle present in the upper body.
The latissimus dorsi is crucial for adduction, extension, transverse extension which is also known as the horizontal abduction or also known as the horizontal extension, flexion from the extended position, and also the internal rotation of the shoulder joint.
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The inner surface of the small intestine _____.
Mucosal folds: The inner surface of the small intestine is not flat, but thrown into circular folds. This not only increases the surface area, but helps regulate the flow of digested food through your intestine.
The majority of nutrients from meals are absorbed in the small intestine, also known as the small bowel, of the digestive system. Through the pancreatic duct, which is located between the stomach and the large intestine, it receives bile and pancreatic juice to aid in digesting. To fit inside the abdomen, the small intestine, which is around 5.5 meters (18 feet) long, folds many times. Despite being shorter, the small intestine has a smaller diameter than the large intestine.
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protein complementarity is the practice of combining sources of protein such that amino acid deficiencies in one source are counterbalanced by abundances in another source. T/F
The given statement "protein complementarity is the practice of combining sources of protein such that amino acid deficiencies in one source are counterbalanced by abundances in another source" is true because we combine proteins to get amino acid which is essential for body.
To obtain all 9 essential amino acids for your body, you can mix two plant proteins, such as grains and legumes, through a process known as protein complementation. Protein complementation is broken out as follows: Food - Few Amino Acid - s Complement.
Body protein as well as other vital nitrogen-containing substances including creatine, peptide hormones, and some neurotransmitters cannot be produced without amino acids. Although allowances are expressed in terms of protein, amino acids are a biological necessity. Amino acid residues are the second-largest component of human muscles and other tissues, after water, and they are found in the form of proteins.
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What are protein beta sheets stabilized by?
protein beta sheets are stabilized by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and other forces
The lateral alignment of -strands in parallel or antiparallel orientations results in the formation of protein [tex]\beta[/tex]-sheet structures, which are then stabilised by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and other factors. Intermolecular -sheet interactions are linked to protein quaternary structure, protein-protein interactions, and peptide and protein aggregation, whereas intramolecular -sheet interactions are linked to protein folding. The role of [tex]\beta[/tex]-sheets in diseases such as HIV, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders is in addition to their significance for normal biological processes. Understanding and managing protein activities and interactions requires an understanding of the forces that contribute to the stability and interactions of [tex]\beta[/tex]-sheets.
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The mean division time for bacteria population C is 20 minutes. Calculate how many bacteria will be present after 4 hours, when starting with 50 bacteria
The average time for dividing the population of C bacteria is 20 minutes. A lot of bacteria will be there after 4 hours, if you start with 50 bacteria is 204,800.
BacteriaThe Formula is:N = N0 x 2^(t/d)
Where,
N is the final number of bacteria.
N0 is the initial number of bacteria.
t is the time elapsed.
d is the doubling time.
Solution:N0: 50
t: 4 hours = 240 minutes
d: 20 minutes
N = 50 x 2^(240/20)
= 50 x 2^12
= 50 x 4096
= 204,800
Therefore, after 4 hours, there will be approximately 204,800 bacteria present in the population, starting with an initial population of 50 bacteria.
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The average time for dividing the population of C bacteria is 20 minutes. So after 4 hours, if we start with 50 bacteria, there will be 204,800 bacteria.
What is Bacteria?Bacteria are defined as tiny, single-celled organisms that are millions of different types of bacteria. Many can be found in and on the body and are beneficial to us.
Bacteria divide by the asexual mode of reproduction which is called as Binary fission. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by splitting in two through a process known as cytokinesis, with each new organism receiving a copy of the DNA.
Its division can be calculated by this formula:
[tex]N = N_0 * 2^(^t^/^d^)[/tex]
Where,
N is the final number of bacteria.
[tex]N_0[/tex] is the initial number of bacteria.
t is the time elapsed.
d is the doubling time.
Here,
[tex]N_0[/tex] 50
t: 4 hours = 240 minutes
d: 20 minutes
[tex]N = 50 * 2^(^2^4^0^/^2^0^)[/tex]
[tex]= 50 *2^1^2[/tex]
= 50 x 4096
= 204,800
Therefore, after 4 hours, there will be approximately 204,800 bacteria present in the population, starting with an initial population of 50 bacteria.
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T/F: The role of the chordae tendineae is to open the AV valves at the appropriate time
The role of the chordae tendineae is to stabilize the AV valve against the large pressure changes that occur when the ventricles contract. So this is wrong.
The role of the chordae tendineae is to stabilize the AV valve against the large pressure changes that occur when the ventricles contract. The chordae tendineae are thin strands of connective tissue that anchor each AV valve leaflet, preventing it from opening into the atria (allowing blood to flow back into the atria). The function of the chordae tendineae, therefore, is to anchor the AV valve to the ventricular papillary muscles and maintain it in a closed position during ventricular systole to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.
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The fundamental unit of structure in the dna molecule is the__
The fundamental unit of DNA is referred to as a nucleotide.
A double helix is created when the DNA macromolecule's two strands twist around a single axis. The nitrogenous base pairs that make up the rungs and the alternating sugar and phosphate groups that make up the sides of the ladder give the double helix its ladder-like appearance.
DNA molecules can range in size from a few hundred thousand to millions of base pairs. Chromosome 21 is the smallest chromosome in the human genome, with about 48 million base pairs.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the name of the sugar found in DNA's nucleotides. A separate sugar called ribose is used by RNA molecules. The sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA strand is formed by covalent connections connecting one nucleotide's sugar with the subsequent nucleotide's phosphate group.
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If a geneticist describes a trait as being 70% penetrant, what would they mean? - Individuals with the trait show variation in expression. - It is lethal in 30% of the individuals who have the trait. - Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait.
- The trait is present in 70% of the population.
The correct answer is C. Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait.
Penetrance is a measure of how often an allele or gene is expressed.
For example, if a trait has a penetrance of 70%, it means that 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for that trait express the trait. Penetrance is used to measure the expressivity of a trait, which is how strongly the trait is expressed in an individual.
A trait with a high penetrance is expressed in most individuals who have the allele(s). A trait with a low penetrance is expressed in a much lower proportion of individuals who carry the allele(s).
Thus, when a geneticist describes a trait as being 70% penetrant, they mean that only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for that trait express the trait.
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what is the modern term for the subfield of psychology that studies the development and change of individuals as they age throughout their lives?
The modern term for the subfield of psychology that studies of the development and change of individuals as they age throughout their lives is called as Development Psychology.
Development psychology focuses on the colorful aspects of cerebral growth and development throughout the lifetime. This includes physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and personality development, as well as the ways in which these aspects interact and impact one another. Developmental psychologists may look at the natural environmental.
Factors that contribute to individual growth and development and examine how these factors may shape the development of personality and behaviour . Developmental psychologists frequently use a variety of exploration styles, similar as checks, interviews, and experimental studies.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIST 2 BEST ANSWER
Complete the chart to show the presence of each gene in each organism, or paste a copy of the completed table from the notebook.
The organism and the gene present in the organism are given below:
Ray-finned fish - And-1Cartilaginous fish - And-1Frog - And-2Chicken - And-2Lungfish - And-1Coelacanth - And-1What is the And-1 gene and its function?The And-1 gene functions either inside or upstream of the formation of cartilage and fins. is expressed in the brain, pectoral fin, pectoral fin bud, and median fin fold.
The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity is a gene. DNA constitutes genes and the information stored therein is used to make proteins.
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When atp is hydrolyzed into adp and inorganic phosphate, _____.
Energy is released through the hydrolysis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate.
Hydrolysis is a process in which water is used to break a bond, and in this case, the bond between the two phosphate groups in ATP is broken, releasing energy.
The energy released during the hydrolysis of ATP is stored energy that can be used by the cell for various processes, such as muscle contraction, transport of molecules across cell membranes, and biosynthesis of macromolecules.
When ATP is hydrolyzed, the molecule is transformed from a high-energy form (ATP) to a lower-energy form (ADP). The energy stored in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups in ATP is transferred to the surroundings, making it available for cellular processes.
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PLEASE HURRY I NEED THIS NOW! 40 POINTS AND BRAINLIEST
Write a story about some kind of life (bacteria is allowed) found on one of the other planets we discussed today. Explain how it lives
International Space Station (ISS) astronauts discover for the first time alien microbes in outer space. Surprisingly, these microbes were found in the corridors of the ISS. Because it was identified as alien and not from Earth, they nicknamed it the 'alien' microbe. Unlike other microbes previously discovered, this one was not actually sent to Earth. The astronauts agreed to research the characteristics of these microbes directly from the ISS. In the identification stage, they also isolated the microbial cell nucleus and multiplied the DNA samples to determine their origin.
Extraterrestrial LifeExtraterrestrial life is defined as life that does not originate from planet Earth. The existence of life outside this planet is still only a theory and estimates about this life are still being coined. Stephen Hawking and Carl Sagan argue that it is impossible for life to exist only on Earth.
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Select all the statements that correctly describe the cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin Hemoglobin acts as an oxygen store under anaerobic conditions_ The hemoglobin-oxygen binding curve is sigmoidal_ Salt bridges between hemoglogbin subunits allow oxygen to bind tightly Hemoglobin always binds oxygen tightly: Hemoglobin consists of four heme-bound subunits.
The statement that correctly describe the cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is that hemoglobin acts as an oxygen store under anaerobic conditions, salt bridges between hemoglobin subunits allow oxygen to bind tightly, and hemoglobin always binds oxygen tightly.
Red blood cells include the protein haemoglobin, which transports oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and carbon dioxide from those tissues back to your lungs.
Each of the four globin chains that make up haemoglobin has a haem molecule that reversibly binds to oxygen. By the causing structural changes in the nearby globin chains, oxygen binding to haemoglobin affects oxygen affinities.
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Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following questions(s) refer to the following elements.
(A) Carbon
(B) Sodium
(C) Sulfur
(D) Phosphorus
(E) Potassium
Guano from fish-eating birds is a commercial source of this element.
Guano is the commercial source of phosphorous.
Due to heavy use of American farmlands at the start of the 19th century, soil nutrients were depleted. Farmers began looking for superior fertilizers. Bird guano then arrived in the United States in the 1840s.
The first American ships began mining guano from the Chincha Islands, a collection of islands off the coast of Peru, in the 1830s. These islands were approximately 200 feet deep in guano due to the abundance of pelicans, and guanay cormorants. Many businesses explored for superior guano on comparable distant islands in the Pacific and the Caribbean after Peruvian guano gained popularity in the US.
The rain on these islands had stripped the guano of its nitrates, a crucial component of agricultural fertilizer, thus even if some guano was discovered, it was of lower quality. The Chincha Islands' guano was the best in the world because of its high nitrate content, which was caused by the islands' arid climate.
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the first widely used birth control method for women was group of answer choices the pill. the iud. spermicidal foams and jellies. the diaphragm.
The first widely used birth control method for women was "the Pill".
Enovid was the first oral contraceptive, or birth control pill, that was widely used for women. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1960, and quickly became known simply as "the Pill".
The Pill provided women with a convenient and highly effective method of preventing pregnancy, and its introduction had a profound impact on women's reproductive health and rights.
Enovid was composed of a combination of the hormones progesterone and estrogen, specifically mestranol and norethynodrel, which made it the first combined oral contraceptive pill.
This hormonal composition worked together to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation.
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james watson was awarded the nobel prize after discovering that dna has what shape? pascal triangle
James and Watson were awarded Nobel prize after discovering the double helix structure of DNA.
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the majorly found genetic material. The structure of DNA is composed of two antiparallel strands in the form of double helix. There are various types of DNA like; A-DNA, B-DNA, Z-DNA, etc. DNA consists of all the genetic information required to make a body functional.
Double helix refers to the physical DNA structure where two strands wind around each other. These strands are joined together by hydrogen bonds. The complete structure appears as a twisted ladder and this is called a double helix.
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in addition to serving as building blocks of dna, what other function do nucleotides perform in a cell?
In a cell, nucleotides act as an energy source, signalling molecules, regulators of gene expression, and tools for DNA repair and protection.
What is nucleotide?A nucleotide is a chemical unit that is made up of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a base with nitrogen. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are made up of nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides determines the genetic information recorded in DNA, and nucleotides are the monomers that make up the chains of nucleic acids.
Nucleotides play various crucial roles in a cell, including acting as the building blocks of DNA. The building blocks of nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA, are known as nucleotides. Through the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy source for cellular functions, they contribute significantly to the transmission of energy within a cell. Additionally, nucleotides act as signalling molecules, transferring data between cells and controlling a number of biological functions like cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis.
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The primary reason that the human population has grown rapidly over the past 100 years is that there has been?
richard neis had symptoms of excessive secretion of pth (high blood calcium levels), and his physicians were certain he had a parathyroid gland tumor. yet when surgery was performed on his neck, the surgeon could not find the parathyroid glands at all. where should the surgeon look next to find the tumorous parathyroid gland?
Even though the surgeon couldn't find Richard Neis's parathyroid gland tumor, the surgeon should look the adjacent neck regions since it's not unusual to find the glands in other regions of the neck or even the thorax.
A growth inside a parathyroid gland is known as a parathyroid tumor. The glands are 4 small, pea-sized glands located in the neck regions near the thyroid gland.
The glands are part of the endocrine system. This system controls hormones in one's body. The glands make the parathyroid hormone. This hormone regulates the levels of phosphorus and calcium in one's blood. Parathyroid tumors may increase the levels of the hormone, which leads to more calcium in the blood.
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which of the traits that you originally observed for e. coli did not seem to become altered? which traits appear to be significantly different after the transformation procedure?
The traits that did not alter were color and shape while the quantity in each plate and the glowing capability of the bacteria appeared to be different.
What is the meaning of traits?
In biology, a trait or character is a characteristic of a living thing. It belongs to the phenotypic of an organism.
Every living thing, from minuscule creatures like bacteria to plants, animals, and people, possesses certain special qualities. The anatomy, or physical makeup, of a living entity, can be referred to as its body or structure. The physical structure functions in a specific manner; this is how its body functions. Animals also behave in a particular way; this is called their behavior.
A living thing's structure, physiological processes, and behavioral patterns are all examples of characteristics. Traits are heritable, meaning that genes can transmit them from one generation to the next.
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tay-sachs occurs when cannot clean up cellular debris.
Tay-sachs occurs when lysosomes cannot clean up cellular debris which ultimately kills nervous system cells.
By the time a kid reaches the age of four, Tay Sachs causes lysosomes to overflow with fatty debris, which damages and ends up killing nervous system cells. Kids with Tay-Sachs disease have cognitive incapacity, seizures, loss of vision and hearing, and involuntary muscular twitching as the disease worsens.
Organic waste left over when a cell dies—a natural result of a cell life cycle—is referred to as cellular debris. Due to damage from harmful physical, chemical, viral, biological, dietary, or immunological causes, healthy cells can degrade into cell debris.
The question is incomplete, find the complete question here
Tay-sachs occurs when ____ cannot clean up cellular debris which ultimately kills nervous system cells.
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Is lipid structure in foods you eat linked to heart disease?
The media is full of advice on what you should and should not eat, but these recommendations often change from year to year. You may have heard that polyunsaturated fats are heart healthy and saturated fats are not, but is it really that simple?
How you prepare food can affect the amount of saturated fats that you eat. For example, if you cook meat on a grill, the product will have less saturated fat than if you were to eat the same meat raw. What occurs during the process of cooking the meat on a grill that would explain this result?
a. The saturated fat in meat undergoes a change in its physical state as it is heated − from a semisolid consistency to a liquid. When meat is grilled, the liquefied fat drips off, resulting in less saturated fat in the final product. b.The saturated fat in meat undergoes a change in its chemical state as it is heated − from saturated to unsaturated. When meat is grilled, the saturated fat transforms, resulting in less saturated fat in the final product. c. The saturated fat in meat undergoes a change in its physical state as it is heated − from a semisolid consistency to a liquid and then to a gaseous. When meat is grilled, the liquefied fat boils and evaporates, resulting in less saturated fat in the final product. d. The saturated fat in meat undergoes a change in its physical state as it is heated − from a semisolid consistency to a liquid.
The saturated fat which is present in meat undergoes a change in its physical state when it is heated in order to from a semisolid consistency to a liquid. When the meat is getting grilled, the liquefied fat will drip off, resulting in a much less saturated fat in the final product.
Hence, option a is the correct option.
Grilling is an advantageous process of cooking as it allows the excess fat to drop off the grades which ultimately results in a less fat output. When we grill the meat, we see that the fat on the meat is cooked off while in a pot on the stove-top, the fat will come out as a liquid but it still remains in the pot since it is not able to escape, this eventually leads to reuptake of the fat by the meat.
The saturated fat in the meat while grilling undergoes a change in its physical state and ends up from a semisolid consistency to a liquid. This liquefied fat drips off and results in a less saturated fat left in the final product. In those situations where the meat is raw, all saturated fat is kept intact.
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what is the difference between sex chromosomes and autosomes? how many of each is found in human cells
The difference between sex chromosomes and autosomes is sex chromosomes determine the gender of an individual, while autosomes determine other traits and characteristics. Sex chromosomes is found two ( one pair ) in human cells and autosomes is found 22 pair in human cells.
Sex chromosomes determine the gender of an individual and are responsible for the development of reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics. They are called sex chromosomes because they differ between males and females. Males typically have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), while females have two X chromosomes (XX). On the other hand, autosomes determine other traits and characteristics that are not related to gender, such as eye color, height, and hair texture.
In human cells, there are 46 chromosomes in total, arranged in 23 pairs. Out of these 23 pairs, two are sex chromosomes, and the other 22 pairs are autosomes. This means that human cells contain 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, making a total of 46 chromosomes.
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if individuals iii-4 and iii-5 mate and have a child, what is the probability that the child will have the genetic condition? use only the information given in the pedigree shown.
50%, Because they are dominant and in equal ratio. one would need to examine the pedigree and determine probability if either III-4 or III-5 are carriers of the genetic condition.
Based on the information given, it would be possible to determine the probability of the child inheriting the genetic condition. The probability cannot be determined without more information. A pedigree provides information about the inheritance of a particular trait or condition in a family, but it does not indicate the specific probability of a child inheriting the condition from the parents. Further genetic condition or analysis is necessary to determine the likelihood of inheritance.
The complete Question is:
What is the probability that a child from a mating between individuals III-4 and III-5 will have the genetic condition based on the information given in the pedigree?
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Which of these is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction?
Epinephrine
extrasystole
pulmonary veins
Extrasystole is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction.
The correct option is b.
Extrasystoles are extra heartbeats that take place outside of the normal heartbeat and might have undesirable side effects. Extrasystoles, commonly known as skipped heartbeats, "heart hiccups," or palpitations, are a kind of cardiac arrhythmia that are recognised medically.
Extra heartbeats known as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) start in one of the heart's two bottom pumping chambers. The usual heart rhythm is disrupted by these additional beats, which can occasionally make the chest seem as though it is fluttering or skipping beats.
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) may raise the chance of developing irregular heartbeats or weakening of the heart muscle if they occur frequently or in particular patterns.
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A person with a genetic _____ has an increased risk of developing a health condition due to inherited genes.
A person with a genetic genetic predisposition or genetic susceptibility to cancer has an increased risk of developing a health condition due to inherited genes.
Definition - A cancer-susceptibility gene is a gene that, when changed (or mutated), gives an individual an increased risk for developing cancer. Individuals who have inherited mutations in certain cancer-susceptibility genes have a lifetime risk of cancer that is significantly higher than the general population.
Causes - A genetic predisposition refers to a genetic variation that increases the likelihood of disease. These are passed on from parents to children, but not all children will necessarily receive the genes that predispose to the disease.
Effects - Genetic variations can have large or small effects on the likelihood of developing a particular disease. For example, certain variants (also called mutations) in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes greatly increase a person's risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Particular variations in other genes, such as BARD1 and BRIP1, also increase breast cancer risk, but the contribution of these genetic changes to a person's overall risk appears to be much smaller.
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what type of bond links two polynucleotide chains to each other in a double helix of dna?
The type of bond that links two polynucleotide chains to each other in a double helix of DNA is a hydrogen bond.
DNA is composed of two complementary polynucleotide chains, which are twisted around each other to form a double helix. The polynucleotide chains are composed of repeating units called nucleotides, each of which contains a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of one chain hydrogen bond with the nitrogenous bases of the other chain, forming the rungs of the DNA ladder. The sugar-phosphate backbone of each chain forms the sides of the ladder. The specific order of polynucleotide chains bases in each chain determines the genetic information carried by the DNA molecule, and the hydrogen bonds between the bases hold the two chains together in the double helix. The strength of these hydrogen bonds is critical for the stability and stability of the DNA double helix, which is essential for many cellular processes, including DNA replication and protein synthesis.
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Match the type of boundary with its characteristic.
A. Transform
B. Convergent
C. Divergent
1. Near subduction zones
2. Tension
3. Shearing
Answer:
Here is the matching of the types of boundaries with their characteristics:
B. Convergent - Near subduction zones
C. Divergent - Tension
A. Transform - Shearing
cytokinesis is a process that occurs during the cell cycle. during cytokinesis,___
In cytokinesis, a single cell divides into two daughter cells, each of which receives an equal number of chromosomes.
What is cytokinesis?The final stage of cell division, known as cytokinesis, is when a single cell divides into two different daughter cells. This process takes place during the cell cycle. The cell membrane constricts and merges in the middle of the cell during cytokinesis, creating a cleavage furrow that finally divides the two daughter cells.
In order to ensure that each daughter cell receives an equal amount of chromosomes, cytokinesis, which takes place after mitosis, is required. Microfilaments and myosin work together to generate a contractile ring that aids in pulling the cell membrane inward and dividing the cell. This action regulates the process of cytokinesis. The process of cytokinesis is crucial for an organism's growth and development as well as for the maintenance of healthy cell function and the healing of tissues.
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Spirochetes are small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. True or False?
True ,Spirochetes are small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites.
In general , the spirochete survives in the louse hemolymph when the infection is transmitted to humans these louse are crushed on human skin and the small spirochetes enters inside the the skin or mucous membranes. They are also a large group of carcinomas obtained from the glandular tissue. Which are specialized to form lymphocytes that can also produce antibodies.
Spirochetes also contains distinctive diderm or double-membrane like gram-negative bacteria, majority of spirochetes have long, helically coiled spiraled cells hence named as Spirochetes .
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