Groups of three or more monomers are called polysaccharides, starch and include short-term storage. Monomers are small molecules, mainly organic, that can combine together to produce larger molecules, or polymers. All monomers can form chemical connections with at least two other monomer molecules. Monomers are small molecules, mainly organic, that can combine together to produce larger molecules, or polymers.
All monomers can form chemical connections with at least two other monomer molecules. Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides are the four main forms of monomers. Each of these monomer kinds is essential to the survival and evolution of life, and each can be generated abiotically.
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Starting with fructose 6-phosphate and proceeding to pyruvate, what is the net yield of atp molecules?
Net yield of ATP starting with Glucose-6-phosphate is 3 ATP molecules.
The steps to the solution are as follows :
Step 1.
Fructose-6-phosphate is formed from glucose-6-phosphate.
Step 2.
Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. One ATP molecule is used in this step.
Step 3.
Fructose 1, 6-biphosphate is converted into one molecule of each of three carbon compounds: dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
Step 4.
2 glyceraldehyde 3-phospahte molecules are converted into 2 glyceraldehyde 3-biphosphoglycerate molecules.
Step 5.
One molecule of 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate is converted into three molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate, yielding two molecules of 3-phosphoglycetare. This step required two ATP molecules, one for each molecule of 1, 3-biphophoglycerate converted.
Step 6.
Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycetare is converted to 2-phosphoglycetare, resulting in the formation of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate.
Step 7.
Each 2-phosphoglycerate molecule is converted into phosphoenol pyruvate.
Step 8.
Each phosphoenol pyruvate molecule is converted into pyruvate by producing one ATP molecule. As a result, two pyruvate molecules are formed, as well as two ATP molecules.
As a result, the net yield of ATP from glucose-6-phosphate to pyruvate is;
The number of ATP molecules used = 1 (during the step of converting fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6-biphosphate.
No. of ATP molecules formed = 4 (2 ATP molecules formed during the step of converting 1, 3-biphophoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate and 2 ATP molecules formed during the step of converting phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate).
As a result, the net yield of ATP is equal to 3.
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Control of glands and the muscles of internal organs is a function of the __________ nervous system. a. parasympathetic b. somatic c. peripheral d. autonomic please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
answer should be D: autonomic
Answer: D
Explanation:
Microbiologists study a variety of organisms, but all are considered either bacteria, archaea or eukarya.
a. true
b. false
Microbiologists study a variety of organisms, but all are considered either bacteria, archaea or eukarya.-True.
Microbiologists are the specialist who study a variety of organisms including bacteria, archae and eukarya.
These organisms includes all the viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, slime molds, and protozoa which are collectively called as microbes. The discipline is called microbiology.
As microbes have a primary role in the environment and are considered to be the most ancient organisms existing, their study is crucial for our understanding of life.
They impact our life both positively as well as negatively.
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If there is a burst of many stimulations to the mammalian nervous system during a one to four second period, it will result in _____.
Long-term potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli.
If there is a burst of many stimulations to the mammalian nervous system during a one to four second period, it will result in Long-term potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli.
What is Long-term potentiation?The process of long-term potentiation (LTP), which involves continuous synaptic strengthening, results in a sustained increase in signal transmission between neurons. In terms of synaptic plasticity, it is a significant process. LTP recording is a well-known cellular model for the investigation of memory.What does long-term potentiation look like?A mouse will, for instance, swam around in a pool of murky water until it discovers a concealed platform from which to climb out. The mouse quickly gains the ability to locate the platform more quickly with practice.What transpires during prolonged potentiation?The process by which synaptic connections between neurons strengthen with repeated activation is known as long-term potentiation, or LTP. According to some theories, LTP is a process by which the brain adapts to experience; as a result, it might be a mechanism underlying learning and memory.
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Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause? a. stronger ligaments. b. higher sperm counts. c. unnatural muscle growth. d. decreased risk of cancer.
Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause unnatural muscle growth and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is Anabolic-androgenic steroids?
These are referred to as steroidal androgens which include natural androgens such as testosterone and they are responsible for certain biochemical activities in the body.
The testosterone when in large quantities increases muscle mass by increasing muscle protein synthesis and may sometimes cause infertility in men which can be reversed through the required medications.
The increased muscle protein synthesis is what leads to unnatural muscle growth which is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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A land structure whose main function is to safeguard the coastal wetlands and mainland from ocean waves and storms are?
A land structure whose main function is to safeguard the coastal wetlands and mainland from ocean waves and storms are barrier islands.
Exceptionally flat or lumpy regions of sand that are formed by wave and tide action parallel to the mainland shore are known as barrier islands.
Certain features of barrier islands:-
barrier islands are coastal landforms and a type of dune system. They typically occur in chains made up of anywhere between a few and more than a dozen islands. Although they are susceptible to change during storms and other events, they serve to absorb energy, safeguard coasts, and establish protected water regions where wetlands can grow.To know more about dune system, refer this link.
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The number of new cases of a particular disease contracted within a defined population in a specified period is referred to as the _____ of the disease.
The number of new cases of a particular disease contracted within a defined population in a specified period is referred to as the incidence of the disease.
Population is defined as a group of similar type of organisms. This group of organisms live in the same area, they require same resources, have similar types of habits. The most essential criteria is that they can breed and reproduce among themselves.
Incidence of a disease is the data that provides information about the number of people affected by a disease at a given period of time. The likelihood of a person getting affected by the disease can be estimated using incidence.
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The strong white fibrous material called the periosteum: question content area bottom.
a. surrounds the abdominal cavity.
b. surrounds the heart.
c. covers the bones.
d. protects the perineum.
The strong white fibrous material called the periosteum covers the bones.
What is periosteum ?Layers of tissue inside and around your bones include the periosteum, endosteum, and perichondrium. Your bones' outer sheath, known as the periosteum, provides them with blood, nerves, and the cells they need to grow and mend. Your bones' endosteum, a membrane that surrounds the bone marrow in the middle of them,
Three functions of the periosteum have been identified: production of osteocytes and chondrocytes from pluripotent, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells; provision of a scaffold for osteocyte and chondrocyte proliferation; and production of growth factors.Learn more about Periosteum here:
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The skeletal muscle fibers that fatigue most easily are:_______
1. red muscle fibers.
2. slow oxidative (type i) fibers.
3. fast glycolytic (type iib) fibers.
The skeletal muscle fibers that fatigue most easily are fast glycolytic (type iib) fibers.
What is skeletal muscle fibers ?Flexible muscle fibers that range in diameter from less than half an inch to just over three inches make up skeletal muscles. Typically, these fibers run the entire length of the muscle. You may perform a wide variety of actions because to the muscles' ability to move bones when their fibers contract (tighten).
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers?Skeletal muscle is striated, similar to cardiac muscle; it has long, thin, multinucleated fibers that are crossed is covered by tiny red and white lines that give the muscle its distinctive appearance. Connective tissue holds skeletal muscle fibers together while allowing them to communicate with blood vessels and neurons.
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In a membrane, the________of the phospholipids in one monolayer face the________of the phospholipids in the other monolayer.
In a membrane, the tail of the phospholipids in one monolayer face the tail of the phospholipids in the other monolayer.
What is cell membrane?The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates and protects the inside of all cells from the outside environment. It is also known as the plasma membrane (PM), cytoplasmic membrane or plasmalemma (extracellular space). The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, which is made up of two layers of phospholipids interwoven with cholesterol (a lipid component) to maintain proper membrane fluidity at different temperatures. Furthermore, membranes are composed of membrane proteins, such as those that cannot be separated across the membrane and function as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that simply attach to the outer membrane of the cell and function as membrane transporters. enzymes to help the cell interact with its environment. The integrated glycolipids of the outer lipid layer perform a similar function.To learn more about the membrane, refer to the following link:
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How many degrees celsius does a 1.5 gram block of ice increase when 30.0 J of heat energy is added?
(Cp = 2.11 J/g°C)
Degrees celsius does a 1.5-gram block of ice increase when 30.0 J of heat energy is added is 9.48 °C.
Heat may be described as strength in transit from a high-temperature object to a decreased-temperature object. An item no longer possesses warmness, the perfect term for the microscopic electricity in an object is internal energy.
Heat is the shape of energy. It comes from the movement of atoms and molecules, which can be the smallest particles that make up all matter. The quicker those debris circulate, the hotter they are. The temperature of an object tells us how speedy its atoms or molecules are transferring. Warm is a form of electricity that is transferred from a substance having a better temperature to a substance having a decreased temperature. The addition of warmth to a substance increases its internal temperature. warmness is described because of the net amount of thermal energy of a gadget.
The heat energy required = msΔt
30 J = 1.5 gram 2.11 Δt
Δt = 30/(1.5×2.11)
= 30/3.165
= 9.48 °C
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Which manifestation would a nurse expect when assessing a child with insufficient growth hormone (gh) secretion?
On the growth chart, place lower than 10%
What causes the growth hormone to be released?Episodic hypothalamic hormones induce pituitary GH synthesis and secretion. Somatostatin (SST) suppresses GH synthesis whereas growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) promotes. The creation of IGF-I is induced by GH, and this in turn prevents the release of GH from the pituitary and hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus and GH action mediators govern growth hormone (GH) release from the anterior pituitary.
When you sleep, the majority of HGH is released in pulses. These pulses are dependent on the circadian rhythm, or internal clock, of your body.
The pituitary gland produces growth hormone. Its many duties include preserving healthy body composition and metabolism. Your bones enlarge if you have too much growth hormone. It is known as gigantism in children and causes a rise in height.
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The nucleus is located in the center of the atom.
O True
O False
Answer:
the answer is true
Explanation:
hope it helped
Many organisms that undergo chemosynthesis use ________ instead of ________ to fuel the processes that convert carbon dioxide into sugars.
Many organisms that undergo chemosynthesis use Hydrogen sulfide instead of Sunlight to fuel the processes that convert carbon dioxide into sugars.
What is chemosynthesis?Chemosynthesis, as opposed to photosynthesis, is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (typically carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (such as hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide, or ferrous ions as a source of energy). The phylogenetically diverse organisms known as chemoautotrophs use chemosynthesis to obtain carbon from carbon dioxide. Chemosynthesis is a common method used by microorganisms in the deep ocean to create biomass from single carbon molecules. In the ocean, other species frequently eat chemosynthetic bacteria, and symbiotic relationships between chemosynthesizers and respiring heterotrophs are frequent.Learn more about the chemosynthesis with the help of the given link:
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Consider the scenario. a scientist studying test taking sets up an experiment to see how sleep affects a student's success at taking a test. the scientist sets up four groups of students. one group is allowed to sleep 10 hours before taking a test. another group sleeps for 8 hours, the third group sleeps for 6 hours, and the fourth group sleeps for 4 hours. the students all take the same test at the same time in the morning in the same room. the scientist counts how many questions each student gets right and wrong. question what is the independent variable? number of correct answers number of correct answers duration of test duration of test hours of sleep hours of sleep
The independent variable in this study is the number of hours that a student sleeps
What is the independent variable?The independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated in the reaction. It is the variable that is changed as the experiment progresses. The impact of this variable on the dependent variable is the subject of study in the experiment.
In this case, the experiment is trying to find out the effect of the hours that a student sleeps on the student's success at taking a test. In other words, the experiment is to establish whether or not the hours that a student sleeps has an effect on the student's success at taking a test.
Thus, the independent variable in this study is the number of hours that a student sleeps and the dependent variable is the number of numbers that the students get right or wrong.
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During the neolithic period, a major development in agriculture was the ability to?
Answer:
Plant domestication: Cereals such as emmer wheat, einkorn wheat and barley were among the first crops domesticated by Neolithic farming communities in the Fertile Crescent. These early farmers also domesticated lentils, chickpeas, peas and flax.
How does the shape of red blood cells best represent the relationship between structure and function?
A purple blood mobileular has what's referred to as a biconcave form. Both facets of the mobileular's floor curve inward just like the indoors of a sphere. The shape is known as biconcave disk.
This form aids in a purple blood mobileular's cappotential to move via tiny blood vessels to supply oxygen to organs and tissues.The round erythrocyte is synthesized with inside the bone marrow with inside the mammals that's biconcave in shape.
After synthesis, the nucleus is eliminated through the manner known as nucleation. The absence of a nucleus lets in the crimson blood cells to incorporate greater hemoglobin and as a result convey greater oxygen.
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Person just ate a bag of salty chips causing blood sodium (na+) levels to rise. What must the body do to return to homeostasis?
The person needs to drink a lot of water to return to homeostasis.
What is homeostasis?Any self-regulating mechanism called homeostasis helps biological systems maintain stability while responding to environmental factors that are best for survival. If homeostasis is achieved, life goes on; if it is not, tragedy or death results.
The stability obtained is actually a dynamic equilibrium, where circumstances are mostly uniform yet change is constant. Any system that is in dynamic equilibrium will eventually establish a stable balance that is resistant to external pressures of change.
When such a system is upset, built-in regulatory mechanisms react to the deviations to restore equilibrium; this is an example of feedback regulation. Examples of homeostatic control include all integration and coordination activities, whether they are carried out by electrical circuits, neurological systems, or hormonal systems.
Therefore, the person will need to drink a lot of water to return to homeostasis.
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The parent cell that enters meiosis is diploid, whereas the four daughter cells that result are haploid. True or false?.
True
The parent cell that enters meiosis is diploid, whereas the four daughter cells that result are haploid.
In both meiosis I and meiosis II, the DNA content is cut in half. In meiosis I, the ploidy level transforms from diploid to haploid, and it stays haploid in meiosis II.Which of these is a meiotic function?Gametes, or sex cells, are created during meiosis. There are four haploid daughter cells formed during meiosis (containing half as many chromosomes as the parent cell).Which four primary stages of meiosis are there?Since meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, a beginning cell can generate four gametes (eggs or sperm). Cells move through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase with each round of division.To learn more about meiosis visit:
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Distended neck veins, difficulty breathing, cough, severe headache, and tachycardia represent which type of blood transfusion reaction?
Which layer of the atmosphere holds the ozone layer?
Answer here
__________
Answer:the stratosphere
Explanation:
Answer:
The ozone layer is one layer of the stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere
Blood flows in layers within the lumen of blood vessels, with the layers in the middle of the lumen flowing fastest. this is known as ___laminar______ flow.
Blood flows in layers within the lumen of blood vessels, with the layers in the middle of the lumen flowing fastest. this is known as laminar flow.
What is Laminar flow ?The majority of the circulatory system typically operates with laminar flow. It is characterised by parallel motion of concentric layers of blood along a blood vessel's length. The middle of the vessel has the highest velocity (Vmax).
Laminar flow is when the flow is fastest in the centre of the blood vessel and slowest along the wall of the vessel, where there is greater friction (where there is less friction).Blood flow in the body is typically laminar. Laminar flow can, however, be disturbed and turn turbulent under situations of high flow, particularly in the ascending aorta. When this happens, blood does not flow in adjacent layers in a straight line or gradually; instead, it flows chaotically.Learn more about Laminar blood flow here:
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Which of the following is true about an electric current moving through a wire in a circuit?
A.
It generates the most energy when the circuit is open.
B.
It must be in contact with objects to make them move.
C.
It can produce a force on a nearby magnet.
A ____ is a set of statements about the mechanisms underlying a behavior. postulate
Theory
A Theory is a set of statements about the mechanisms underlying a behavior.
A mathematical theory is an axiom-based mathematical model of a particular area of mathematics. It can also refer to a body of knowledge (based, for example, on accepted axioms and definitions) and, in this sense, to a particular area of mathematical study that falls inside a predetermined framework.What are theory and logic?The foundation of mathematics, meantime, is the deduction or derivation of qualities or propositions with respect to specific objects or elements contained in a certain set. Logic is the study of derivation and deduction of properties and propositions. Set theory is the study of the universal characteristics of elements and sets.To learn more about theory visit:
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Which capillary type is the leakiest and has specialized cells known as kupffer cells associated with them?
Sinusoid (Discontinuous) Capillaries
A unique variety of capillary, sinusoid capillaries are present in the endothelium and have quite big, open holes.
There are sinusoid blood veins in the lymph nodes, the adrenal glands, and even the bone marrow. Some cells do not have tight connections between them; these cells are typically found in the liver and spleen.
These tiny blood arteries, referred to as sinusoids, contain open pores as opposed to the continuous and fenestrated forms of capillaries. Contrary to sinusoid capillaries, which lack a diaphragm and only contain an exposed open pore, fenestrated capillaries have diaphragm-like structures that cover the pores.
The permeability of the capillary is increased by these open pores, and this permeability allows albumin and other small- and medium-sized proteins to enter and leave the bloodstream.
What are Kupffer cells used for?
Kupffer cells, sometimes referred to as stellate macrophages and Kupffer-Browicz cells, are specialized cells found in the liver's sinusoids lumen and are adhering to the endothelial cells that make up the blood channel walls. The majority of tissue-resident macrophages in the body are found in kupffer cells.
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A plant of genotype ccdd is crossed to ccdd and the f1 is testcrossed to ccdd. if the genes are unlinked, what percentage of ccdd recombinants will result?
A plant of genotype ccdd is crossed to ccdd and the f1 is testcrossed to ccdd. if the genes are unlinked, what percentage of ccdd recombinants will result in 0.20255075%
What is Genotype?An organism's genotype is made up of all of its genetic components. The alleles or variations that a person holds in a specific gene or genetic region are also referred to as the genotype.
The amount of copies of each chromosomes found in that species, also known as ploidy, determines how many alleles a person can have for a certain gene. In diploid organisms like humans, there are two complete sets of chromosomes, which means that each person has two different alleles for each gene. Homozygous refers to a genotype where both alleles are the same. Heterozygous refers to a genotype when there are two distinct alleles.
Phenotype, the observable qualities and attributes of an individual or creature, is influenced by genotype.
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What may have aided the polymerization of amino acids into peptides in the oceans of early prebiotic earth?
The presence of mineral surface for the amino acid to adhere to may have aided the polymerization of amino acids into peptides in the oceans of early prebiotic earth.
Amino acids are the building bocks of protein. The structure of an amino acid comprises of a carboxylic group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom and a variable R-group attached to the same alpha-carbon atom. There are 22 types of amino acids involved in the formation of proteins.
Prebiotic earth refers to the Earth that existed before the origin of life. The environment of earth was completely different from now. The temperature was extremely hot with no oxygen, abundant of water bodies and ionizing radiations from the space.
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What is the purpose of a rain gauge? a. to measure the amount of rainfall b. to predict how much rain is going to fall c. to predict whether or not it is going to rain d. to measure the temperature of the rain please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The correct option is (a) To measure the amount of rainfall
A rain gauge is a meteorological device used to gauge how much rain falls over a specific area in a specified amount of time.
What is rain gauge and what is its function? The oldest known meteorological instruments are rain gauges, which are considered to have been in use in India more than 2,000 years ago. Simply put, a rain gauge is a cylinder that collects rain. An inch of rain has fallen if there is an inch of accumulation in the cylinder. It's that easy. The majority of common rain gauges feature a large funnel leading into the cylinder and are calibrated so that when rain collects within, one inch of rain equals one-tenth of an inch. The cross-sectional area of the funnel is ten times that of the tube. With this device, rainfall as little as.01 inches can be measured. A trace is defined as something that is less than.01 inches.Learn more about the Rain guage with the help of the given link:
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Answer:
a. to measure the amount of rainfall
Explanation:
Which of the following lists the three biomes that tend to have the greatest amount of rainfall throughout the year?
The biome of tropical rainforests receives the most annual precipitation. Most areas receive between 200 and 430 centimeters of rain yearly.
The biggest geographic biotic unit and sometimes known as a major life zone, a biome is a huge community of plants and animals that share comparable life forms and environmental conditions. It is named by the predominant vegetation type, such as grassland or coniferous forest, and comprises a variety of communities.
It is divided into the aquatic, woodland, tundra, and grassland biomes, as well as the desert and desert biome. Coniferous forests, deciduous forests, Mediterranean forests, and tropical rain forests are further divisions of forest biomes.
High average temperatures, a diversity of species, and nutrient-poor soil are characteristics of tropical rain forests. They are also distinguished by very high yearly rainfall with a brief season of less rain. There is no dry season, and each month receives an average of 60mm of precipitation.
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The complete question is :
Which of these biomes receives the greatest amount of yearly rainfall?
a. boreal forest
b. grasslands
c. temperate forests
d. tropical rainforests
The biome of tropical rainforests receives the most annual precipitation. Most areas receive between 200 and 430 centimeters of rain yearly.
The biggest geographic biotic unit and sometimes known as a major life zone, a biome is a huge community of plants and animals that share comparable life forms and environmental conditions. It is named by the predominant vegetation type, such as grassland or coniferous forest, and comprises a variety of communities.
It is divided into the aquatic, woodland, tundra, and grassland biomes, as well as the desert and desert biome. Coniferous forests, deciduous forests, Mediterranean forests, and tropical rain forests are further divisions of forest biomes.
High average temperatures, a diversity of species, and nutrient-poor soil are characteristics of tropical rain forests. They are also distinguished by very high yearly rainfall with a brief season of less rain. There is no dry season, and each month receives an average of 60mm of precipitation.
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The complete question is :
Which of these biomes receives the greatest amount of yearly rainfall?
a. boreal forest
b. grasslands
c. temperate forests
d. tropical rainforests
The functions of the muscles are to provide _____ and movement and to produce select .
Answer:
The functions of the muscles are to provide stability and movement.
Explanation:
And over 600 muscles make up the muscular system, which cooperates to allow the body to operate properly. The primary purpose of the muscular system is to facilitate movement. Muscle contractions enable both rough and precise movement. The majority of bodily muscle action is controlled consciously. However, certain actions—like pulling a hand away from a hot source—are reflexive. Stretching across joints, muscle tendons help keep joints stable. The stabilising function of the muscle tendons with in knee and also shoulder joints is essential.
The abdominal, back, and pelvic muscles make up the core muscles, which also stabilise the body and support activities like lifting weights. Skeletal muscles serve in maintaining the proper posture of the body while an individual is sitting or going to stand. This is referred to as posture.
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