glucose breaks down relatively rapidly to two molecules of pyruvate in a process called .

b) periodontal plastic surgery. It refers to a group of surgical procedures aimed at correcting or eliminating deformities in the gingiva (gums) and/or alveolar mucosa (the tissue that lines the jawbone) with the goal of improving appearance and function.

These procedures typically involve the reshaping, repositioning, or grafting of gum tissue to improve the aesthetics of the smile or to treat functional issues such as uneven gum lines or gum recession.

Key points:

Learn more about gum disease here:

https://brainly.com/question/9984996

#SPJ4

The term "maturation" refers to the physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system.

A living thing goes through a process known as maturation as it ages, develops, and becomes fully formed on all levels—mentally, physically, and emotionally.

The process by which we change and mature over the course of our lives is known as maturation. the process of maturing mentally, emotionally, and physically. All living things, including plants, animals, etc., develop through maturation.

Learn more about " maturation " to visit here;

https://brainly.com/question/29355295

#SPJ4

The genetic information stored in DNA is a living archive of instructions that cells use to accomplish the functions of life.

Inside each cell, catalysts seek out the appropriate information from this archive and use it to build new proteins — proteins that make up the structures of the cell, run the biochemical reactions in the cell, and are sometimes manufactured for export.

Although all of the cells that make up a multicellular organism contain identical genetic information, functionally different cells within the organism use different sets of catalysts to express only specific portions of these instructions to accomplish the functions of life.

The accuracy of these copies determines the health and inherited features of the nascent cells, so it is essential that the process of DNA replication.

Therefore, The genetic information stored in DNA is a living archive of instructions that cells use to accomplish the functions of life.

To learn more about Transcription, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/8146084

#SPJ1

The epidemiologists' claim in the second paragraph is that as people get progressively bigger, prevailing attitudes and views about what constitutes a healthy weight are shifting.

The definition of overweight and obesity is "abnormal or excessive fat buildup that provides a risk to health." Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) over 25, and obesity as having a BMI over 30.

In general, eating too much and moving too little leads to obesity. When you consume a lot of energy—especially fat and sugar—without exercising or engaging in other physical activity, the body will retain a large portion of the excess energy as fat.

For more information on obesity kindly visit to

https://brainly.com/question/11366349

#SPJ4

An element is a single substance that cannot be divided again, for example, oxygen (O₂), a compound is a combination of various elements that have a certain ratio, for example, water vapor (H₂O), and a mixture is a combination of various elements whose ratio is unstable, for example, sugar solution.

Learn more about compound and element at https://brainly.com/question/26487468

#SPJ1

The urease test usually determines the ability of an organism that splits urea, by producing the enzyme urease.

The product of the decarboxylation of amino acids is Urea. By hydrolysis, urea produces ammonia and CO₂. The formation of ammonia helps to alkalinize the medium, and then the pH shift is detected by the color change of phenol red from light orange (pH 6.8) to magenta (pink) (pH 8.1). This is done by rapid urease-positive organisms to turn the entire medium pink within 24 hours. The rapid urease test (RU) is a confirmatory test for diagnosing the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the urine sample. The rapid urease test is also popularly known as the CLO test (Campylobacter-like organism test). The CLO test usually uses a procedure called gastric endoscopy and biopsy in order to collect various cells from the lining of the stomach. There is a common non-invasive test to detect Helicobacter pylori also based on urease activity known as the Urea breath test. It is done by the patient by ingesting radioactively labeled Urea (either radioactive carbon-14 or non-radioactive carbon-13). If the infection is positive, then the urease produced by Helicobacter pylori hydrolyzes the urea to form ammonia and then it is labeled bicarbonate that is exhaled as CO₂. Then the labeled CO₂ can be detected either by a scintillation counter (Carbon-14) and an isotope ratio mass spectrometry or by mass correlation spectrometry (Carbon-13).

For further learning about urease tests, refer to the link: https://brainly.com/question/29104059

#SPJ4

Although fungi (plural of fungus) can cause infections in many other parts of your body, including your mouth, throat, lungs, and urinary tract, fungus infections are most frequently found on your skin or nails.

By dispersing spores, fungi can proliferate. These spores can be breathed or taken up through direct touch. This is why your skin, nails, and lungs are the areas where fungal infections are most likely to occur. Additionally, fungi can enter your skin and infect your entire body.

In warm, humid settings, fungi frequently flourish. Skin infections are more likely when wearing moist or humid clothing. Bacteria could enter the skin's deeper layers if there is a break or cut in the skin.

To know more about fungal infections visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/26229132

#SPJ4

A major innovation in body plan that first occurred in roundworms was the development of a tube-within-a-tube body design that allows for the specialization of different regions such as digestion and circulation, etc.

They have an improved efficiency and increased complexity of anatomy and physiology, and due to their unique body pattern, they are highly used in soil ecology, nutrient cycling, and bioremediation.

Hence, a major innovation in body plan that first occurred in roundworms was the development of a tube-within-a-tube body design that allows for the specialization of different regions such as digestion and circulation, etc.

Learn more about the roundworm here.

https://brainly.com/question/15165437

#SPJ1

Answer:

Nucleus

Explanation:

The Nucleus is the organelle that holds all of the genetic materiel in a eukaryotic cell.

Hope this helps!

The options that are expected in a biological reaction by functional protein enzymes are: (i) faster rate than non-enzymatic reaction (ii) enzymatic coupling to hydrolysis reactions.

Enzymes are the proteinaceous components that enhance the rate of chemical reactions inside the living body. The enzymes do so by lowering down the activation energy required to begin any chemical reaction. Enzymes are required for each and every process inside the body like digestion, respiration, etc.

Hydrolysis reactions are the reactions in which the breakdown of large components occurs into two or more smaller components and water is used as a reactant in the process.

To know more about hydrolysis reaction, here

brainly.com/question/28295461

#SPJ4

Directly above the South and North Poles of the Earth, respectively, are the North celestial equator and South celestial equator, respectively.

Directly above the North and South Poles of Earth, respectively, are two places in space known as the North and South Celestial Poles. All other stars seem to revolve around these points, which are fixed in the sky. While the South Celestial Pole is close to the constellation of Octans, the North Celestial Pole is situated close to Polaris, the North Star. In order to measure the positions of stars and other celestial objects in the night sky, as well as to use them as reference points for celestial navigation, they are used.

To know more about Celestial Poles refer to the link below :

brainly.com/question/30418300

#SPJ4

axon is the part of the neuron carries information away from the cell body toward other cells. it has two types: cytoplasmic and dendrite.

In vertebrates, a nerve cell's or neuron's long, thin projection, known as an axon or nerve fibre, usually carries electrical impulses called action potentials away from the nerve cell body. Information is transmitted via the axon to various neurons, muscles, and glands. The axons of some sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, are known as afferent nerve fibres, and the electrical impulse travels along these from the cell body to the periphery as well as along another branch of the same axon from the cell body to the spinal cord.

learn more about axon here

https://brainly.com/question/28234182

#SPJ4

White-tailed deer should give birth inside the spring and summer, which would account for their annual breeding cycle.

The Aberdeen Angus breed of cattle is an instance of real breeding. The fact that the cattle have indeed been black for several centuries is proof that a characteristic that has been handed down over many generations is still pure. Another illustration is when two dogs belonging to the same breed mate.

By. Training plants and animals to generate progeny with specified genetic qualities or to create a creature possessing those genetic traits, usually for science research. Selective breeding is a strategy used to develop particular traits in an organism.

To know more about breeding visit:

https://brainly.com/question/508892

#SPJ4

water  is not considered an essential nutrient.

Water is an essential component of the human diet, but it is not considered an essential nutrient in the traditional sense. Essential nutrients are defined as those compounds that the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts and must be obtained from the diet. These essential nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Water, on the other hand, does not provide the body with any essential nutrients, but it is essential for maintaining hydration and facilitating the functions of the body's cells and organs. Water helps regulate body temperature, lubricates joints, and transports nutrients and waste products throughout the body. While water is not considered an essential nutrient, it is still important to consume adequate amounts to maintain health and well-being. The amount of water needed can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, activity level, and the environment. Most health organizations recommend that adults consume at least eight glasses of water per day to stay hydrated.

Learn more about Water here:

https://brainly.com/question/28465561

#SPJ4

Evolved resistance to a pesticide is an example of Artificial selection.

According to the definition of "field-evolved resistance," it refers to a "genetically based decrease in a population's susceptibility to a toxin produced by exposure to the toxin in the field." The essential feature of "field-evolved" resistance is that it really reduces susceptibility to a pesticide in the field.The target insect's previous field exposure to the toxin is another important factor that contributes to its decreased susceptibility to the insecticide. Studies have shown that crops modified to express proteins from the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis have developed field-evolved resistance to them (Bt). However, there has not been a consistent standard in the application of the definition of field-evolved resistance for Bt crops. The inconsistency in applying the definition arises from differences in the methods used to detect resistance. the ecology of the insect's interaction with the Bt crop as well as the effective dose the pest experiences when consuming the Bt crop. It is shown through case studies of claimed resistance to Bt crops that resistance does not emerge in a single form and can, for the most part, still be managed.

To know more about Evolved resistance click here:

https://brainly.com/question/15696301

#SPJ4

Evolved resistance to a pesticide is an example of . . .

A) A nonadaptive process

B) The bottleneck effect

C) Natural selection

D) Artificial selection

E) Range of tolerance

When an individual's energy needs are met, any excess protein that is consumed will not be used immediately for energy.

Instead, the body will store the excess amino acids in the form of glycogen or convert them into fat. The body can also use excess protein for building and repairing tissues, such as muscles and bones, but only if there is a need for it.

If there is no need for tissue repair or growth, and the individual's energy needs are already met, the excess protein will simply be excreted from the body through urine. It's important to note that consuming excessive amounts of protein can put stress on the kidneys and liver, leading to potential health issues.

Therefore, it's important to consume a balanced diet that meets the individual's energy needs and provides the necessary amounts of protein, carbohydrates, and fats.

To learn more about protein

https://brainly.com/question/30258984

#SPJ4

Answer:

threshold

Explanation:

Threshold is the level that the signal has to hit for it to fire. If signal is not exact, then it WILL NOT fire. That's why its all or nothing.

A DNA molecule that acts as a template during replication is two strands and their orientation is the formation of an entirely new strand.

DNА replicаtion is semiconservаtive, meаning thаt eаch strаnd in the DNА double helix аcts аs а templаte for the synthesis of а new, complementаry strаnd. This process tаkes us from one stаrting molecule to two "dаughter" molecules, with eаch newly formed double helix contаining one new аnd one old strаnd. Cells need to copy their DNА very quickly, аnd with very few errors (or risk problems such аs cаncer). To do so, they use а vаriety of enzymes аnd proteins, which work together to mаke sure DNА replicаtion is performed smoothly аnd аccurаtely.

For more information about DNА replicаtion refers to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/16464230

#SPJ4

Answer:

A photoautotoph  is an organism which  converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Explanation:

Energy which is stored in the chemical bonds of chemical compounds is called chemical energy.Chemical energy is released during the occurrence of chemical reaction.Reactions wherein energy is given out in the form of heat is called exothermic reactions.

Chemical energy can be converted to other forms of energy like electrical energy during the process of electrolysis and to thermal energy as in the case of thermal engines.

It can also be converted to kinetic energy during explosions . It is stored in batteries, coal, biomass, food, vehicle air bags,etc.Digestion of food is also an example of conversion of chemical energy .It is utilized during the process of photosynthesis.

(sawan121)

The process involving microspore division and a tough wall to protect the gametophyte leads to the production of: pollen.

Gametophyte is one of the stages of life-cycle in the multicellular organisms that follow alternation of generations. It is a haploid sexual stage that leads to the generation of a haploid spore or the gametes.

Pollen is the microsporic structure formed by the male part of the flowers. These are divided into a vegetative and a reproductive cell on the inside. The outer wall of the pollens is made up of protective covering. The pollen consists of the male gametic nucleus.

To know more about gametophyte, here

brainly.com/question/14704196

#SPJ4

Option 4 is Correct. The term "neurotransmitter" refers to a medicine whose therapeutic benefits are more focused on a particular type and which has fewer negative effects.

For instance, a selective medicine would be able to distinguish between different cell populations and hence only affect one of them, causing an event. The ability of a medicine to elicit a specific activity in a population will be referred to as specificity, a phrase that is frequently mistaken with selectivity.

The term "specificity" should be used to describe a drug's capacity to distinguish between harmful and beneficial interactions as well as its capacity to recognize a target receptor of interest. To put it another way, the drug should bind the target receptor with the proper affinity or not at all.

Learn more about neurotransmitter Visit: brainly.com/question/30453933

#SPJ4

Correct Question:

The more specific a drug is for a certain type, the more specific the therapeutic actions of the drug and the fewer the side effects. group of answer choices

1. target cell

2. receptor

3. hormone ligand

4. neurotransmitter

The sequence of nucleotides contained in the messenger RNA (mRNA) is "translated" during the process of translation into the sequence of amino acids included in a polypeptide (protein chain).

During the process of transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is literally "rewritten" in RNA. In order for RNA to be converted into messenger RNA, also known as mRNA, in eukaryotic cells, additional processing steps are required.

The DNA sequence of a gene, which is analogous to the order of words in a sentence, is what defines the amino acid sequence of the protein that the gene produces. In the portion of a gene that is responsible for encoding proteins, the DNA sequence is interpreted in codons, which are groups of three nucleotide bases. A single amino acid is designated by a particular codon in a protein.

Want to know more about nucleotides visit the link which is given below;

https://brainly.com/question/13062517

#SPJ4

The correct option is (D). A) In competitive inhibition, an inhibitor looks similar to an enzyme's substrate. The enzyme's substrate is in competition with the competitive inhibitor, which only binds to an enzyme's active site. It doesn't bind to many enzyme sites simultaneously.

Usually, enzymes or the group of proteins is significantly bigger than their substrates. The monomer of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase only comprises 62 amino acid residues, in contrast to the nearly 2,500 residues of human fatty acid synthase. The catalytic region, which performs the real catalysis, only takes up a little fraction of their structure, or about 2-4 amino acids. These binding sites where residues orient the substrates are close to these catalytic sites. The enzyme's active site is made up of the binding and catalytic sites all-together. By using of the majority of these surviving enzyme structure, the precise alignment and kinetics of the active site are retained.

The complete question is:

In competitive inhibition, an inhibitor:

group of answer choices-

A) binds at several different sites on an enzyme.

B) binds covalently to the enzyme.

C) binds only to the es complex.

D) binds reversibly at the active site.

E) lowers the characteristic vmax of the enzyme.

To learn more about enzymes click on the given link: brainly.com/question/17320375

#SPJ4

Answer:

Explanation:

Metabolism is a process that is common to all cells.

When ATP is being  hydrolyzed into the ADP and in as a inorganic phosphate energy is released from the reaction.

ATP( adenosine triphosphate) is an important  patch  set up in all living cells and is the main energy currency of the cell. It's made of adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups. The  motes hydrolyze, meaning they break  piecemeal, when a phosphate group is removed from the  patch. This process is called hydrolysis and releases energy

That the cell can use to carry out its functions. When ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP( adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, the energy stored in the bond between the two phosphate groups is released. This energy can be used for a variety of  natural processes,  similar as muscle  compression, active transport and metabolic  responses.

To know more about adenosine triphosphate visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30176760

#SPJ4

Answer:

Not all animals need to have another mate. Having only one parent is called Asexual reproduction.

Explanation:

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent. The new individuals produced are genetically and physically identical to each other, i.e., they are the clones of their parents. Asexual reproduction is observed in both multicellular and unicellular organisms.

The condition disease that involves primary cell-mediated disorders of the immune system is DiGeorge Syndrome.

In generаl, persons with cell-mediаted immunodeficiency disorders hаve infections or other clinicаl problems thаt аre more severe thаn аntibody disorders. Children with defects in this brаnch of the immune response rаrely survive beyond infаncy or childhood unless immunologic reconstitution is аchieved through bone mаrrow trаnsplаntаtion.

In DiGeorge syndrome children who survive the immediаte neonаtаl period mаy hаve recurrent or chronic infections becаuse of impаired T-cell immunity. Children аlso mаy hаve аn аbsence of immunoglobulin production, cаused by а lаck of helper T-cell function. The X-linked immunodeficiency of hyper-IgM, аlso known аs hyper-IgM syndrome, is chаrаcterized by low IgG аnd IgА levels with normаl, or more frequently, high IgM concentrаtions. X-linked аgаmmаglobulinemiа is а primаry humerаl immunodeficiency disorder. Y-linked аgаmmаglobulinemiа does not exist.

Your question is incomplete, but most probably your options were

A. DiGeorge syndrome

B. Y-linked hyper-IgM syndrome

C. X-linked agammaglobuinemia

D. Y-linked agammaglobulinemia

Thus, the correct answer is A.

For more information about DiGeorge Syndrome refers to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/29568707

#SPJ4

Cortisol is a type of steroid i.e.glucocorticoids. steroids are anti-inflammatory agents as they inhibit the formation of inflammatory agents. Steroids inhibit phospholipase 2 which forms arachidonic acid from phospholipids.

Arachidonic acid forms inflammatory agents like prostaglandins, thromboxaneA2, and leukotrienes with help of enzymes COX and Lox Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid medication that is frequently administered to treat autoimmune illnesses like arthritis and inflammatory problems. It functions by imitating the activities of cortisol, an adrenal hormone that aids in controlling the body's inflammatory response. Prednisone lowers inflammation, discomfort, and swelling by suppressing the immune system. Additionally, it lessens the frequency of flare-ups and may lessen the risk of joint injury. Although it can also be administered as an injection or cream, it is typically taken orally. Weight gain, an increase in hunger, sleeplessness, and an increased risk of infection are all potential side effects of prednisone. So, before beginning a treatment regimen,

To learn more about steroids

brainly.com/question/8922100

#SPJ4

The correct option is C ; Gamma rays , The most dangerous external threat is gamma radiation. Beta particles can cause "beta burns" when they partially penetrate the skin. Alpha particles are unable to enter unbroken skin. Gamma and x-rays can travel through a person and cause damage to the cells along their path.

Gamma rays () are photons, which are weightless packets of energy. Gamma rays are pure energy, as opposed to alpha and beta particles, which have both energy and mass. Gamma rays are comparable to visible light but significantly more energetic.

Gamma rays are ionizing electromagnetic radiation produced by atomic nucleus disintegration. In matter, gamma rays are more penetrating and can cause significant harm to live cells. Gamma rays are utilized in medical (radiotherapy), industry (sterilization and disinfection), and nuclear power generation.

Learn more about radiotherapy

https://brainly.com/question/29517550

#SPJ4

Answer: The Nuclear Envelope

Explanation: The nuclear envelope is a double-layered membrane that encloses the contents of the nucleus during most of the cell's lifecycle. The space between the layers is called the perinuclear space and appears to connect with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.