Inorganic chemicals, a class of water contaminants, include fertilisers.
What are fertilizers?In order to give plants the vital nutrients they require for healthy growth and development, fertilisers are compounds that are put to the soil. The three main macronutrients found in fertilisers are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), as well as trace metals including iron, zinc, and magnesium.
Inorganic chemicals, a category of water contaminants, include fertilisers. Fertilizers include vital plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but if used excessively, they can have a severe effect on the water quality. The excess nutrients from fertiliser runoff can cause toxic algae blooms to proliferate and water bodies to become oxygen-depleted, which can have an impact on aquatic life and lower the quality of drinking water. Fertilizers and other inorganic compounds can also contribute to the rise in total dissolved solids (TDS) levels in water, which causes salinization and reduces the amount of available water.
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1. At Time 1, a cool air mass is moving from Location 1 toward a stationary warm air mass at Location 2. After the cool air mass collides with the warm air mass at Time 2, clouds begin to appear over Location 2. The partial model below shows the two air masses at Time 1, but does not show their interaction at Time 2.
The warm and the cool air masses affects the formation of clouds and precipitation.
Does warm and cool air masses affect cloud formation?Warm and cool air masses can affect cloud formation. Clouds are formed when water vapor in the atmosphere rises and cools, condensing into tiny water droplets or ice crystals. The type and amount of clouds that form can be influenced by the temperature and moisture content of the air masses.
In general, the interaction between warm and cool air masses can result in cloud formation and precipitation.
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To test this hypothesis, you changed the of the gas between 0 and 100°c (273 and 373 k) and calculated the resulting of the gas.
You calculated the volume of the gas after varying the temperature of the gas between 0 and 100°C (273 and 373 K) in order to test this theory. Consequently, the dependent variable was volume, while the independent variable was temperature.
Since the temperature is absent from this equation, Charles's Law was not established. In addition to being identical to Dalton's earlier estimate for vapours, Gay-estimate Lussac's of k (12.6666) was also astonishingly near to the current estimate of 12.7315. T1 is the starting temperature, while T2 denotes the ending temperature. Both temperatures are expressed in Kelvin. A gas's volume changes when its temperature changes, Jacques Charles, a French physicist, found in 1787 while maintaining a constant pressure.
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Answer:
1.) temperature and volume for both questions.
2.) beaker
3.) C- The beaker will not tip over when placed on the hot plate.
4.) C and D
5.) 0.0026
6.) 0.0026 again
7.) orange line
8.) title and label for each axes
9.) row B
10.) The capillary tube was too close to the bottom of the beaker.
The ruler may have moved.
Water got into the capillary tube.
The temperature was not allowed to equilibrate in the 2-4 minutes.
11.) 1,2,and 3
Explanation:
That is all the answers to the assignment. I hope this helps. :)))
I need help with both questions on this picture please and thank you very much
14. The type of reaction is combustion reaction.
15. Decomposition reaction: AB → A + B
Synthesis reaction: A + B → AB
Displacement reaction: A + BC → AC + B
Combustion reaction: Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Combination reaction: A + B + C → ABC
What is combustion reaction?Combustion reactions are described as chemical reactions in which a fuel reacts with an oxidizer to produce heat, light, and waste products
Combustion reactions are characterized by the presence of oxygen and the release of energy in the form of heat and light.
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I’ve been having a hard time with percents in chemistry, could anyone help?
Question: The percentage of nitrogen, by mass, in copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, is….
1) 14.9%
2) 33.9%
3) 36.5%
4) 40.2 %
5) 45.1%
Explanation:
3) 36.5%
The percentage of nitrogen, by mass, in copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, is 36.5%
The main reason for the extremely low solubility of carbon dioxide in benzene (C6H6) at room temperature is due to which of the following?
a. the increased disorder due to mixing of the solute and solvent
b. the relatively low strength of the intermolecular forces between carbon dioxide and benzene
c. the strong hydrogen bonding in benzene
d. the weak solvation of carbon and oxygen ions by benzene
This same intermolecular forces between carbonic acid and benzene (C6H6) are quite weak, primary cause of the incredibly low soluble of atmospheric co2 throughout benzene (C6H6) at ambient temperature.
What does the word "intermolecular forces" mean?A force of attraction or repellent between two nearby atoms, compounds, or ions is known as an intermolecular force. Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrophobic Interactions, and Ion-Dipole are a few examples of intermolecular forces.
Intermolecular forces are what bonds?Van der Waals interactions including hydrogen bonds are examples of electromagnetic molecular structure. Intermolecular contacts, which hold molecules to one another in liquids and lock polyatomic ions apart, are weaker from nucleophilic attractions, what hold the atoms within molecules together.
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what will happen to the rate if the concentration of a doubles, holding everything else constant?
A. Nothing
B. Doubles
C. Decreases by 1/2
D. Quadruples
E. Decreases by 1/4
B. The rate doubles if the concentration of a doubles, holding everything else constant.
How does concentration impact the reaction's speed?There are additional reactant particles travelling together as the reactant concentration rises. Due to the increased number of collisions, the reaction rate will be higher. The rate of a reaction will rise with both the concentration of the reactants.
What are the three things that influence a reaction's rate?Many different factors, such as reactant concentration, surface area, temperature, and catalysts, affect the speed of a chemical reaction.
What does "pace of reaction" mean?Reaction rate is the rate at which a chemical reaction progresses forward. It is frequently defined in terms of either the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a period of time or the concentration of a product that is produced in a unit of time (amount per unit volume).
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When 50.08 g of 1.00 M NaOH at 23 C is added to 50.22 g of 1.00 M HCl at 23 C, the resulting temperature of the mixture is 29.7 C. (Assume that the calorimeter constant is equal to zero. Assume that the solutions have the same specific heat capacity (4.184 J/g·K) and density (1.00 g/mL) as water. Take care with signs.
a) What is ΔT for this process? b) Calculate qsolution (in J) for this process. c) Calculate qreaction (in J) for this process. d) Calculate the moles of NaOH and the moles of HCl used in the reaction. Determine whether NaOH or HCl is the limiting reactant. e) What is the enthalpy change (ΔHrxn, in kJ/mol) for this process per mol of the limiting reactant? f) Is the reaction of NaOH with HCl an endothermic or exothermic process
Answer:
Explanation:
a) ΔT = final temperature - initial temperature = 29.7°C - 23°C = 6.7°C.
b) qsolution = mass of solution x specific heat capacity x ΔT = (50.08 g + 50.22 g) x 4.184 J/g°C x 6.7°C = 574.47 J.
c) qreaction = - qsolution = -574.47 J.
d) moles of NaOH = mass of NaOH / molar mass of NaOH = 50.08 g / (23 g/mol) = 2.17 mol
moles of HCl = mass of HCl / molar mass of HCl = 50.22 g / (36.46 g/mol) = 1.37 mol
Since the moles of NaOH is greater than the moles of HCl, HCl is the limiting reactant.
e) ΔHrxn = qreaction / moles of limiting reactant = -574.47 J / 1.37 mol = -418.24 kJ/mol.
f) ΔHrxn is negative, so the reaction of NaOH with HCl is an exothermic process.
what nacl concentration results when 234 ml of a 0.840 m nacl solution is mixed with 492 ml of a 0.210 m nacl solution?
0.411 M nacl concentration results when 234 ml of a 0.840 m nacl solution is mixed with 492 ml of a 0.210 m nacl solution?
The final concentration of NaCl will be the total moles of NaCl divided by the total volume in liters.
moles NaCl:
234 mls x 1 L / 1000 ml x 0.840 mol/L = 0.196 mols NaCl
492mlx x 1 L / 1000 ml x 0.210 mol/L = 0.103mols NaCl
Total moles = 0.196 + 0.103 = 0.299 moles NaCl
Total volume (L) = 0.234 L + 0.492 L = 0.726 L
Final [NaCl] = 0.299 mols / 0.726 L = 0.411 M (3 sig. figs.)
In 250 mL of a 0.5 M NaCl solution, how many moles of sodium chloride are there?
This leads us to the conclusion that there are 0.125 moles and 7.32 grams of sodium chloride, respectively, in 250 mL of a 0.5 M NaCl solution.
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carbon-14 has a half-life of 5720 years and this is a first-order reaction. if a piece of wood has converted 11.5% of the carbon-14, then how old is it?
The age of a sample can be estimated using the carbon-14 dating method based on the decay of carbon-14 to nitrogen-14.
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5720 years, meaning that half of the original amount of carbon-14 in a sample will decay to nitrogen-14 in 5720 years.
If a piece of wood has converted 11.5% of the carbon-14, then the age of the sample can be estimated by solving for the amount of time it took for the decay to occur. The rate of decay can be described by the first-order reaction equation, which states that the amount of radioactive isotope remaining is proportional to e^(-kt), where k is the decay constant and t is the time.
Solving for t, the age of the sample, can be calculated using the half-life formula, ln(2)/k = t. The age of the sample can then be estimated by multiplying the calculated time by the half-life of carbon-14. However, this method assumes that the initial amount of carbon-14 in the sample is known, which is often not the case. In practice, more complex models are used to estimate the age of samples using carbon-14 dating.
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give the structure of the principal organic product formed on reaction of benzyl bromide with sodium ethoxide.
The principal organic product formed from the reaction of benzyl bromide with sodium ethoxide is benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH).
The reaction mechanism involves the deprotonation of benzyl bromide by sodium ethoxide to form the benzyloxide intermediate, which then undergoes elimination to produce benzyl alcohol and sodium bromide as the final products.
The reaction between benzyl bromide (C6H5CH2Br) and sodium ethoxide (NaOCH2CH3) can be described as follows:
Deprotonation: Sodium ethoxide acts as a strong base and deprotonates the benzyl bro mide, abstracting a hydrogen ion (H+) from the alpha-carbon. This produces a benzyloxide intermediate (C6H5CH2O-).Elimination: In this step, the benzyloxide intermediate undergoes a dehydration reaction, losing a molecule of water (H2O) to form benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH) and sodium bromide (NaBr) as the final products.
The reaction between benzyl bromide and sodium ethoxide is a classic example of an alkoxide-promoted deprotonation and elimination reaction, which is a common method for synthesizing alcohols from alkyl halides.
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A(n) closed system does not exchange energy with its surroundings. Explain why or why not.
Between a tight system and its environment, energy can be exchanged. However, a closed system is unable to exchange material with its surroundings. Heat and work can be exchanged in a closed system.
What in chemistry are open and closed systems?An open network can exchange both material and energy with its surrounds. Since water and heat vapor can really be dissipated to the air, the burner example would be considered an open system. To the contrary hand, a closed system can only interchange energy, not matter, with its surrounds.
What is an illustration of an open versus closed system?A thermos can be thought of as a closed circuit as only energy can enter or exit it, but no matter can because it won't spill.
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at , substance a has a vapor pressure of and substance b has a vapor pressure of . which has a higher enthalpy of vaporization?
The correct answer is
Due to the significant H-bonding in HF, a given amount of HF requires more energy to move from the liquid to the vapour state (l). Among the many hydrogen halides, HF has the greatest molar enthalpy of vaporisation.
The amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid material in order to convert a portion of that substance into a gas is referred to as the enthalpy of vaporisation (symbol Hvap), also known as the (latent) heat of vaporisation or heat of evaporation. The pressure at which the transition occurs affects the enthalpy of vaporisation.The enthalpy of vaporisation is frequently stated for the substance's typical boiling point. Despite the fact that tabulated values are often adjusted to 298 K, the error in the observed value is frequently less.
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the two different types of bonds between carbohydrate monomers found in carbohydrate polymers are and .
The two different types of bonds between carbohydrate monomers are α- and β- glycosidic bonds.
What are carbohydrate polymers?Carbohydrate polymers are long chains of repeating monomer units, called saccharides or simple sugars, linked by glycosidic bonds. Examples of carbohydrate polymers include starches, cellulose, and glycogen.
We must note that the carbohydrate polymers can be found in a number of the living things and can be applied in the production of fabrics. The kinds of bonds there are the α- and β- glycosidic bonds.
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how long will an unopened spiral ham last in the refrigerator?
Unopened spiral hams can be kept in this same refrigeration for one week. However, you can freeze your ham if you wish to increase its shelf life.
How would you define refrigeration?Reducing heat from a container or a substance in order to lower the temperature is known as refrigerator. Evaporator, compression, condenser—these are the four essential elements of the refrigeration system.
What is the refrigeration principle?In a morning peak hours, a refrigerator is a chemical that moves heat from one place to another. A refrigerant passes through the foods in a refrigerator, absorbing heat from them and transferring it to an area with a lower temperatures.
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given a molecular formula, how would you calculate the molecular weight of a compound? provide an example
The molecular weight of a compound is calculated by adding up the atomic weights of all the atoms in its molecular formula.
let's consider the molecular formula of glucose, C6H12O6. To calculate its molecular weight, we need to find the atomic weight of each element in the formula and add them up.
To find the atomic weight of an element, you can look up its atomic number in the periodic table and refer to the atomic weight listed there.
Carbon (C) atomic weight = 12.01 g/mol
Hydrogen (H) atomic weight = 1.01 g/mol
Oxygen (O) atomic weight = 16.00 g/mol
So the molecular weight of glucose is calculated as:
= (6 x 12.01) + (12 x 1.01) + (6 x 16.00)
= 72.06 + 12.12 + 96.00
= 180.18 g/mol
Therefore, the molecular weight of glucose is 180.18 g/mol.
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Why is kelp forest density higher when otter populations are at their highest?
If 50 g of sugar were added to 100 g of water at 20 oc to form a solution, how would you describe the solution?
According to one estimate, sugar dissolves 180g in 100g of water at 20°C. This demonstrates that a saturated solution would result from the dissolution of that much sugar in 100g of water.
How is water solubility determined?The amount of a substance that can dissolve completely in a solvent at a specific temperature is known as its solubility. A saturated solution is one such example. Calculate the solubility in g/100g by dividing the mass of the compound by the mass of the solvent, then multiplying by 100 g.
Solubility per 100 grams is what?The mass of a solid needed to saturate 100 g of water at a specific temperature is known as its solubility. A solute's solubility is expressed in grams per 100 grams of water. Scaling the solubility values up or down is an option if the water mass is less than 100 g.
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Suppose you have 100.00 ml of a solution of a dye and transfer 2.00 ml of the solution to a 100.00ml volumetric flask. after adding water to the 100.00 ml mark, you take 5.00 ml of that solution and again dilute to 100.00 ml. if you find the dye concentration in the final diluted sample is 0.000158 m, what was the dye concentration in the original solution?
The final diluted solution is 0.000158M, then the dye concentration in the original solution is 0.158 M.
When 5 ml of the solution was taken in that stage the number of moles of dye present in the solution at that time is same after diluting it with water to a volume of 100 ml.
So, Number of moles of dye in 5 ml = number of moles in final dilution
Molarity of dye in 5 ml x Volume of solution = Molarity in final dilution x final volume
M x 5ml = 0.000158 x 100
M = (0.000158 x 100)/ 5
= 0.0158/5
= 0.00316 M
Now, the number of moles present in 2 ml of the sample = number of moles on diluting it 100 ml.
Molarity of dye in 2 ml x Volume = molarity on diluting it x volume on diluting it
M x 2 ml = 0.00316 x 100
M = (0.00316 x 100)/2
= 0.158 M
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a solution is 1.5 m nabr. what is the weight percent of nabr in this solution? what is the mole fraction of nabr in this solution?
The weight percent of NaBr in this solution is 150% and the mole fraction of NaBr in this solution will be 1.5.
Weight percent is a measure of the amount of solute (in this case, NaBr) in a solution relative to the total weight of the solution.
Weight percent (w/w) = (mass of solute / total mass of solution) x 100
In this case, the solution is 1.5 M NaBr, so we can calculate the mass of the solute:
mass of solute = molarity x molecular weight of solute
mass of solute = 1.5 M x 102 g/mol
mass of solute = 153 g
The total mass of the solution calculated as:
total mass = mass of solute / molarity
total mass = 153 g / 1.5 M
total mass = 102 g
Now we calculate the weight percent:
Weight percent (w/w) = (mass of solute / total mass of solution) x 100
Weight percent (w/w) = (153 g / 102 g) x 100
Weight percent (w/w) = 150%
The mole fraction of a solute is the ratio of the number of moles of the solute to the total number of moles in the solution.
The number of moles of NaBr can be calculated as:
number of moles of NaBr = mass of NaBr / molecular weight of NaBr
number of moles of NaBr = 153 g / 102 g/mol
number of moles of NaBr = 1.5 mol
And the total number of moles in the solution can be calculated as:
total number of moles = number of moles of NaBr / molarity
total number of moles = 1.5 mol / 1.5 M
total number of moles = 1.0 mol
Now we calculate the mole fraction:
Mole fraction = 1.5 mol / 1.0 mol
Mole fraction = 1.5
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the solubility of a gas in a given solution is decreasing. if the temperature is constant, what is happening to the pressure? 1 point
The solubility of a gas in a given solution is decreasing. if the temperature is constant, then a decrease in pressure.
The partial pressure of the solubility existing above the surface of the liquid or solution directly correlates to the solubility of a gas in a liquid. Henry's Law states that a gas's partial pressure above a solution is inversely correlated with the mole fraction of the gas in the solution. Gas molecules have a larger kinetic energy and can easily escape the solution phase at higher temperatures. Solubility of gas declines as a result.
The solubility of gas which depends on gas pressure is a measurement of the concentration of dissolved gas particles in the liquid. A gas's solubility diminishes as its pressure is increased because of an increase in collision frequency.
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What type of bond involves two atoms sharing electrons that travel around the nuclei?
A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
What is covalent bond?An atoms are held together by a covalent bond, which is formed when electrons from two nuclei orbit both nuclei simultaneously. When electrons are shared, a stable configuration of electrons is produced that fits both atoms' electron configurations.
Many of the molecules that make up the human body and the environment around us include covalent bonds, including water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and several organic compounds including sugars and amino acids. The amount of shared electrons and the separation between the nuclei of the atoms participating in a covalent bond determine how strong the bond is.
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when phenol is treated with the exces s bromine water it gives
Answer:
bromophenol
Explanation:
when phenol is treated with excess bromine water, it gives bromophenol. This reaction is an example of electrophilic substitution in which the phenol molecule acts as an electron-rich substrate and the bromine in bromine water acts as an electrophile, leading to the substitution of a hydrogen atom in phenol with a bromine atom.
Answer:
it gives 2,4,6-Tribromophenol.
How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 2g of water from 10c to 20c
Answer:
41.8g
Explanation:The equation for working out the amount of thermal energy required is q=mcΔT, where q is the amount of energy, m is the mass being heated up in grams, c is the specific heat capacity of what you're heating up in joules per gram per kelvin, and ΔT is the change in temperature in degrees Celsius or Kelvin (technically it should be in Kelvin but for a change in temperature, Celsius is the same as Kelvin).In this case, the mass is 2.0g, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18J/g/K, and the change in temperature is 5.0°C=5K, therefore the energy needed to raise it is: 5×2×4.18=41.8J.This is only theoretical though, in the real world a lot of heat would be lost to the surroundings, so it would require more energy than this.
without doing a calculation, which of the bonds below would you expect to have the higher stretching frequency?
The bond with the highest stretching frequency would be the C=O (carbonyl) bond.
Stretching frequency of a bond: The mass effect on stretching frequencies is particularly evident when deuterium isotope equivalents are compared with the corresponding hydrogen functions. Thus, the stretching frequency of a free O-H bond will be 3600 cm-1, but the O-D equivalent is lowered to 2600 cm-1.
The bond with the higher stretching frequency is usually the bond with a higher bond order.
Here are the expected bond order of the bonds below:
C-O (carbonyl): Double bond
C-C (alkane): Single bond
C-H (alkyl): Single bond
So, the bond with the highest stretching frequency would be the C=O (carbonyl) bond.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Without doing a calculation, which of the bonds below would you expect to have the higher stretching frequency? C-O or C=O"--
what is the term for an electrochemical signal that enables a neuron to communicate with other cells?
Action potentials, a type of electrical event, and chemicals neurotransmitters are two ways that neurons can communicate with one another well at intersection of two neurons (synapse),
What are some electrochemical instances?The typical 1.5-volt cell, which powers various electrical devices like TV remote controls and clocks, is an instance of an electrolytic cell. Electrolytic cells or single pv cells are those that can produce an electric charge as a result of chemical reactions going to take place inside of them.
What is electrochemistry's foundation?Electrochemistry, as its title suggests, is the investigation of modifications that cause the movement of electrons. Electricity is the term given to this flow of electrons. Electric Chemistry
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it has been found that ddt in the soil decomposes by a first-order reaction with a half-life of 12.0 years. how long would it take ddt in a soil sample to decompose from a concentration of 235 ppbm (parts per billion by mass) to 15 ppbm?
It would take 25.3 years for DDT in a soil sample to decompose from a concentration of 235 ppbm (parts per billion by mass) to 15 ppbm
The rate of a first-order reaction is given by:
d[DDT]/dt = -k[DDT]
Where [DDT] is the concentration of DDT, t is time, and k is the rate constant, which is related to the half -life (t1/2) by:
k = 0.693 / t1/2
For DDT with a half-life of 12 years, the rate constant can be calculated as:
k = 0.693 / (12 years) = 0.0577 / year
To find the time required to reduce the DDT concentration from 235 ppbm to 15 ppbm, we can use the integrated form of the first-order rate equation:
[DDT] = [DDT]0 * e^(-kt)
Where [DDT]0 is the initial concentration of DDT. Solving for t when [DDT] = 15 ppbm, we get:
t = (1/k) * ln([DDT]0 / [DDT]) = (1/k) * ln(235 ppbm / 15 ppbm)
Plugging in the value for k, we find:
t = (1/0.0577) * ln(235 ppbm / 15 ppbm) = approximately 25.3 years
So it would take approximately 25.3 years for the DDT concentration in the soil sample to decrease from 235 ppbm to 15 ppbm.
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If the following equation is correctly balanced, what would be the correct sequence of coefficients?
The correct sequence of coefficients in the above chemical equation is as follows: 1, 1, 2 (option B).
What are coefficients in a balanced equation?Coefficients refer to a constant by which an algebraic term is multiplied.
A coefficient is used to balance a chemical equation, which is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation are the same.
According to this question, the following equation is given as follows:
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
This means that the sequence of coefficients is as follows: 1, 1, 2.
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what trend in ionization energy do you see as you move down a group?
Ionization energy often rises over a time and falls over a group.
What is the ionization energy trend when you descend a group?First ionization energy often drops as you advance down a group on the periodic table. This occurs because the outer electron is often held less securely and may be removed with less energy because it is farther away from the nucleus.
What is the downward trend in the group?The periodic table's atomic radius rises as you move down a group. The outermost electrons of an atom is put in a shell farther away from the nucleus as we move down a group. This indicates that it is less subject to the positive nucleus' electrostatic attraction.
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how much volume does 3 moles of gas occupy at standard temperature and pressure?
One moles of any gases will take up 22.4 liters of space at STP. The volume will double when the moles of gas are doubled. Therefore, at STP, three molecules of any gas have a capacity of 67.2 liters.
How do you calculate volume at standard pressure and temperature?The molar volume (Vm) is the greater burden by one mole of either a chemical element or chemical compound at normal temperature and pressure (STP). You may figure it out by dividing the mass density () by the molar mass (M).
How are gas volume and pressure determined?These equations are variations of the ideal gas, PV = nRT, in which P is the gas's pressure, V is its volumes, n is the gas's number of moles, T is the gas' kelvin temperatures, and R is indeed the ideal (national) gas constant.
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why does the size of an atom decrease as you move across a period?
Because of the atomic number, the size of an atom shrinks over a time.
What is atomic number?The quantity of protons in the atom's nucleus is known as an element's atomic number. An element's atomic number uniquely identifies it and establishes where it belongs in the periodic table. The chemical characteristics of an element, such as its valence electrons and reactivity, are also influenced by its atomic number.
Because the atomic number, or number of protons in the nucleus, rises while the electron shell stays at a constant distance from the nucleus, the size of an atom shrinks as you move over a period. The atomic size is reduced as a result of the stronger attraction between the nucleus and electrons that occurs from the increase in the number of protons in the nucleus. Further strengthening the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus as you move throughout the period is a decrease in the electron shielding effect. Even though there are more electron shells present, this results in a reduction in atomic size.
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