One of the most important jobs of enzymes is to aid with digestion. Digestion is the process by which food becomes a source of energy. For instance, enzymes are found in our saliva.
In the human body, what chemical processes do enzymes catalyse?Enzymes catalyse chemical reactions that are involved in vital bodily functions, including the process of food digestion. Digestion involves the interaction of food in the stomach.
Which enzyme occurs the most frequently in the human body?Enzymes are powerful proteinaceous catalysts. These aid in speeding up the biochemical processes occurring within our bodies. Since amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, enzymes are also the linear.
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QuestionRobert Hooke was the first scientist who coined the term ‘cell’. Which cell did he observe under the microscope?AFiberBCorkCRootDLeaf
Robert Hooke was the first scientist who coined the term ‘cell’.Cork is the cell he observe under the microscope.
He observed and described cells in a thin slice of cork, which he compared to a honeycomb, and thus coined the term “cell”. He was the first to note the presence of pores in cork cells, which were later determined to be holes for gas exchange.Cork is a natural, renewable material made from the bark of the cork oak tree. It is light, waterproof, fire-resistant, sound-insulating and buoyant, making it a great material for a variety of uses. Cork is used to make products such as flooring, insulation, sealing, gaskets, wine stoppers, and more.
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complete question:Robert Hooke was the first scientist who coined the term ‘cell’. Which cell did he observe under the microscope?
A)Fiber
B)Cork
C)Root
D)Leaf
How is a neural impulse generated and transmitted from one neuron to another?
➤Neural impulses are electrochemical events. When a neuron is stimulated beyond a threshold level, there is a rapid shift in its polarity from a negative to a positive charge. This reversal of charge, called an action potential or neural impulse, is generated along the length of the axon to the terminal buttons.
➤When a neural impulse reaches the terminal buttons, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers that carry the message across the synapse to neighboring neurons. Neurotransmitters can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the neurons at which they dock.
A neural impulse, also known as an action potential, is generated and transmitted from one neuron to another through the following steps: Depolarization, Propagation, Threshold and Synaptic Transmission.
What happens during Depolarization?When a stimulus, such as a chemical messenger from another neuron, reaches the dendrites of a neuron, it causes the inside of the neuron to become more positively charged, a process known as depolarization.
What happens during synaptic transmission?At the end of the axon, the action potential triggers the release of chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters, into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, causing depolarization and triggering another action potential.
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Place the following steps of polysaccharide chain cleavage by lysozyme into the correct order.1. Lysozyme and substrate form an enzyme-substrate complex, forcing one sugar molecule into a strained conformation.2. Glutamic acid donates a proton to one sugar molecule as aspartic acid attack the C1 carbon of a second sugar.3. A covalent bond is formed between aspartic acid and the sugar molecule, and the sugar- sugar bond is hydrolyzed.4. The water oxygen attacks the C1 carbon breaking the sugar-aspartate bond.5. Glutamic acid polarizes a water molecule drawing a proton away from water.6. Lysozyme and products dissociate.ii)What happens to glutamic acid 35 and aspartic acid 52 at the end of the reaction?A. Glutamic acid is deprotonated and negatively charged.B. Lysozyme is destroyed and recycled as the product is released.C. Aspartic acid has formed a covalent bond with the first sugar.D. Both amino acids are restored to their original forms.
The steps of polysaccharide chain cleavage by lysozyme into the correct order is 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 6.
.1. Lysozyme and substrate form an enzyme-substrate complex, forcing one sugar molecule into a strained conformation.
2. Glutamic acid donates a proton to one sugar molecule as aspartic acid attack the C1 carbon of a second sugar.
3. A covalent bond is formed between aspartic acid and the sugar molecule, and the sugar- sugar bond is hydrolyzed.
4. Glutamic acid polarizes a water molecule drawing a proton away from water.
5. The water oxygen attacks the C1 carbon breaking the sugar-aspartate bond.
6. Lysozyme and products dissociate.
ii)What happens to glutamic acid 35 and aspartic acid 52 at the end of the reaction?
A. Glutamic acid is deprotonated and negatively charged. B. Lysozyme is destroyed and recycled as the product is released. C. Aspartic acid has formed a covalent bond with the first sugar. D. Both amino acids are restored to their original forms.
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During which stage of meiosis would you find a cell with a diploid chromosome number and recombinant chromosomes?
Niches are dynamic, and are affected by interactions among species.a. trueb. false
It is a.True that Niches are dynamic, and are affected by interactions among species. an organism's contribution to a community is referred to as its "niche."
The physical and environmental conditions that a species needs, such as temperature or terrain, as well as the interactions it has with other species (such as predation or competition, are all included in its niche. The situation in which co-occurring species share a portion of their niche space with one another is referred to as "niche overlap." For some species, niche overlap may result in conflictual interactions like competition and exclusion (Giménez Gómez et al.). Relationships that benefit both parties can boost interactions between their populations. Additionally, the organisms have an impact on their surroundings, influencing ecosystem resources and the surface of the planet.
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explain why it is that we do not observe a perfectly linear relationship between map units and recombination frequency.
The recombinant frequency of one percent is used as the definition for the map unit.
When two genes are found on the same chromosome, the amount of space that separates them affects the likelihood that a crossover will result in recombination between the genes.
The greater the physical distance that exists between two genes, the lower the probability that those genes would combine during any particular meiotic event. Regardless of the distance between the loci, the recombinant frequency in a dihybrid never goes above 50 percent for connected loci.
A frequency of recombination of fifty percent suggests that the genes arrange themselves in an autonomous fashion. Because of this, we do not observe a relationship that is perfectly linear between the number of map units and the frequency of recombination.
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which condition is caused by the increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (pai-1) and fibrinogen often present in metabolic syndrome?
explain how new discoveries in genetics enabled scientists to expand on darwin's theory of evolution in the twenty-first century.
How new discoveries in genetics enabled scientists to expand on darwin's theory of evolution in the twenty-first century.
In the 21st century, advances in genetics have allowed scientists to expand upon Darwin's theory of evolution by providing new insights into the mechanisms of evolution. For example, genetic research has revealed the role of mutations, genetic drift, and gene flow in shaping the genetic makeup of populations over time. It has also shed light on the processes of speciation and the origin of new species. Additionally, studies of the human genome and other genomes have provided evidence for common ancestry and shown how evolution has shaped the development and diversity of life on earth. These new discoveries in genetics have enhanced our understanding of evolution and how it has shaped the natural world.
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IN UR OWN WORDS WRITE EXPLAIN ALL OF THIS
• WHAT TYPES OF SKIN CANCER ARE THERE AND HOW ARE DIFFERENT?
• IS THERE A CONNECTION BETWEEN SKIN CANCER ON THE HANDS OF THOSE WHO GET “GEL NAILS” AT THE MANICURIST OR IS THIS A MYTH?
* WHY WOULD TANNING BEDS BE DANGEROUS?
• WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR SKIN CANCER?
• HOW CAN YOU GET SKIN CANCER IN PLACES THAT ARE NOT EXPOSED TO THE SUN?
• WHAT ARE THE “STAGES” OF SKIN CANCER?
• HOW DOES SKIN CANCER SPREAD?
• WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUN AND VITAMIN D?
* HOW ARE ANIMALS USED TO DETECT TYPES OF CANCER?
Answer:
I, unfortunately, cannot answer some of these questions (sorry!) but I will try my best to help with some! ;)
question: HOW DOES SKIN CANCER SPREAD?
I believe it's usually a genetic thing, however it can obviously be caused from too much sun exposure and all.
HOW CAN YOU GET SKIN CANCER IN PLACES THAT ARE NOT EXPOSED TO THE SUN?
could be old exposure to the sun, or it could be a genetic thing.
IS THERE A CONNECTION BETWEEN SKIN CANCER ON THE HANDS OF THOSE WHO GET “GEL NAILS” AT THE MANICURIST OR IS THIS A MYTH?
that's an interesting question... I know that the LED light thingy that they use can do damage to your DNA, so probably.
a dominant allele p causes the production purple pigment; pp individuals are white. a dominant allele c is also required for color production; cc individuals are white. the c locus has an epistatic effect on the p locus. what proportion of offspring will be white from a ppcc x ppcc cross?
3/8 proportion of offspring will be white from a ppcc x ppcc cross.
An allele is a variant of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same location on a long DNA molecule, as described in prominent genetics and evolution textbooks.
"A locus (plural: loci) is the chromosomal or genomic site of a gene or any other genetic element, and alleles are alternate DNA sequences at a locus."
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most basic alleles, but they may also be insertions and deletions of thousands of base pairs.
The term 'allele' is commonly used to refer to distinct alleles within genes. The ABO blood grouping, for example, is regulated by the ABO gene, which has six common alleles (variants). In population genetics, practically every living human has some combination of these six alleles for the ABO gene.
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seeing, hearing, and feeling are all examples of what process?
the cytoskeletal component that forms near the nucleus that extends outward toward the plasma membrane is:
The cytoskeletal component that forms near the nucleus that extends outward toward the plasma membrane is Microtubule.
Microtubules, incredibly slender tubes made of tubulin protein subunits, are a vital aspect of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. They give the cell its shape and stability while organizing cellular components and enabling cell division.
These dynamic structures are always in flux, building and breaking down in response to cellular signals. Not only do they play a critical role in maintaining cell shape, but they also serve as pathways for the movement of vesicles, organelles, and other substances within the cell.
In addition, microtubules help distribute chromosomes during cell division. Any disruptions in the microtubule network can lead to severe cellular malfunctions and various diseases.
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gonads containing hormone-secreting interstitial cells is called?
Gonads containing hormone-secreting interstitial cells is called Leydig (interstitial) cells.
In general ,Gonads are considered as the primary reproductive organs. They are known as testes in males and ovaries in females. Hormones like testosterone is secreted by the male reproductive organ. estrogens and progesterone are secreted by the female reproductive organ ovaries.
Leydig cells, generally considered as interstitial cells of the testes and interstitial cells of Leydig, they are present near to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle and assist in production of testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH). Thus, Testosterone is usually secreted by cells that is present between the seminiferous tubules, also termed as the Leydig cells.
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which enzyme joins fragments of dna into a continuous strand?
DNA ligase is the enzyme joins fragments of dna into a continuous strand and it catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two DNA strands.
DNA ligase works by feting the ends of two beaches of DNA, binding to them and forming a phosphodiester bond between the two beaches. The phosphodiester bond is formed when two phosphate groups from the two beaches of DNA are linked with a covalent bond. DNA ligase is important for DNA replication.
DNA form, and recombinant DNA technology, as it facilitates the conformation of a nonstop DNA patch, which is necessary for these processes. DNA ligase is also used in a variety of laboratory ways, similar as cloning and creating DNA libraries. In cloning, DNA ligase is used to join a piece of DNA to a vector.
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the anterior pituitary gland secretes , which stimulates the formation of .
The anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) which stimulates the formation of follicles in the ovaries for females and the maturation of sperm for males.
The anterior pituitary gland is located at the base of brain. It is an endocrine gland which is responsible for the production and secretion of various hormones such as FSH.
FSH stimulates the development and growth of follicles in the ovaries for women. The stimulation of FSH is a very important part of ovulation and this results the release of mature egg from ovary.
For males FSH acts on the maturation of sperms in the testis. For healthy, motile, fertile sperms, FSH carries a major role. Without the enough amount of FSH sperm stimulation and production thus count of sperms can be low.
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should bioethanol production be subsidized in the united states, and also be protected against competition from brazilian sugar cane-based bioethanol?
Grants and subsidies of all types are given to ethanol producers. Due to federal rules requiring ethanol to be blended into gasoline, a massive business has been created that would not have existed without significant subsidies and oppressive regulations.
A variety of subsidies are offered by the federal government to promote the use of biofuels like corn ethanol. Tax exemptions, gifts, loans, and loan guarantees are among the subsidies.
To grow the crops necessary to provide a significant amount of fuel, a tremendous amount of arable land is required. Because of the potential for habitats like forests to become overpopulated, this might have a significant influence on the biodiversity of our environment.
Compared to the energy used to produce it, ethanol delivers 25% more energy, whereas biodiesel yields 93% more.
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during a portacaval shunt, what will the surgeon need to clamp the proximal and distal branches once the bifurcation of the right and left hepatic arteries and veins are identified and exposed with tapes?
During a portacaval shunt, the surgeon will need to clamp the proximal and distal branches once the bifurcation of the right and left hepatic arteries and veins are identified and exposed with tapes debakey ring bulldog clamp.
Portаcаvаl shunting is а surgicаl treаtment to creаte new connections between two blood vessels in the аbdomen. It is used to treаt people who hаve severe liver problems.
Portаcаvаl shunting is mаjor surgery. It involves а lаrge cut (incision) in the belly аreа (аbdomen). The surgeon then mаkes а connection between the portаl vein (which supplies most of the liver's blood) аnd the inferior venа cаvа (the vein thаt drаins blood from most of the lower pаrt of the body). To make the connection, the surgeon will need the ring hаndles debаkey bulldog clаmps аre used to ceаse flood flow during cаrdiothorаcic procedures.
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The diaphragm creates a ________ section between the thoracic and abdominal body cavities.
The transverse (cross) portion here between thoracic and abdominal bodily chambers is created by the diaphragm.
Why does the diaphragm serve its purpose?You can blow in and out with the assistance of the diaphragm, a muscle This little muscles has a dome shape and is positioned behind your heart and lungs. It is joined to your backbone, the base of your rib cage, and the septum, a bone in the heart of your chest.
Do you have a diaphragm if you can take a breath?However, your diaphragm muscle, that performs the pushing and tugging on your lungs to enable them operate, is meaningless without your lungs. Therefore, when you inhale, your head transmits an electrical impulse to your breathing muscles through your neurological system.
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what characteristics of chlamydomonas are typical of protists in general?
The characteristics of chlamydomonas which are typical of protists in general are that it possesses a cup-shaped chloroplast and a photoreceptive eyespot at the chloroplast.
Chlamydomonas is a Protista member. It was classified with chlorella in older categorization schemes underneath the Plantae family and the subgroup Algae, mostly because both have cell walls. It is a plant-animal that is still descended from the two kingdoms' ultimate common ancestor. For many years, the green yeast has lived in laboratories. It has interesting morphology and habits and is simple to grow in liquid cultures.
Chloroplast is a plastid made up of chlorophyll, a green pigment. As a result, the chloroplast is the cell organelle that is referred to as the kitchen of the cell. This pigment aids the cells in producing their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
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5.03 Primate EvolutionSkull Analysis [help me pls let me use work]Lab Report
Instructions: As you complete each slide of the Skull Analysis Virtual Lab Activity, please fill in this lab report with the appropriate information and data.
Title:
Objective(s):
Hypothesis:
Variables:
Materials:
Skull casts: 4 known species and 1 unknown
Calipers
Procedures:
Qualitative Observations:
Line up each of the skulls on the lab table, facing to the left, with the Frankfurt planes parallel to the ground.
Observe each skull from the side, recording your observations about the following features (use the table below to record your observations):
Forehead: Is the angle of the forehead sloping or more vertical? Is the brow ridge above the eyes small, medium, or large? Does the forehead extend out above the eyes?
Face: Is the shape of the face sloped or flattened and vertical?
Teeth: Are the teeth long or short? Sharp or dull?
Observe each skull from the bottom view and locate the foramen magnum. This is the hole that connects the brain stem to the spinal cord. Record your observation of the location of each skull’s foramen magnum. Is it located toward the front or the rear of the skull?
Observe each skull from the top and record your observations of the shape of the brain cavity. Is it more round or oval? Are the edges more squared off or pointed? Make comparisons between the skulls.
Quantitative Observations: Determine Supraorbital Height
Use the calipers to measure the distance AC (from point A to point C on the skull).
Use the calipers to measure the distance BC (from point B to point C on the skull).
These measurements will be used to calculate the skull’s supraorbital height index according to the formula: (BC/AC) × 100 = Supraorbital Height Index (note: The unit of measurement is SHI.)
Record the skull’s supraorbital height index in the data table.
Take the same measurements for each of the skulls, recording the supraorbital heights index in the data table.
Data and Observations:
Create a data table to record your observations and measurements for each skull:
Skull Forehead Face Teeth Foramen Magnum Brain Cavity Supraorbital Height (SHI)
Pan troglodytes (modern chimpanzee)
Homo sapiens
(modern human)
Homo erectus
(extinct hominid)
Australopithecus afarensis
(extinct hominid)
Unidentified Fossil Skull
Conclusion:
Be sure to answer the following reflection questions in the conclusion of your lab report:
Was your hypothesis correct? Which of the four species does the unidentified skull most resemble? Predict how you think it may relate to the other species in terms of evolution. Justify your answer with specific observations.
How do the shapes of the face, forehead, and teeth differ between the various species?
Questions:
Using what you have learned from the lesson and the virtual lab activity, answer the following questions in complete sentences:
What do you think accounts for these differences? How might some of these differences be possible adaptations?
In what way do you think the location of the foramen magnum relates to the movement of each species?
What might the shape of the skull and the supraorbital height tell us about each species?
The evidence of the skull can show the changes that have taken place in the species by evolution.
How do you use skull to determine the evolution of primates?The skull is a valuable tool in determining the evolution of primates because it provides information about the anatomy and behavior of an organism. By analyzing the shape, size, and structure of the skull, scientists can infer adaptations for specific ecological roles, such as foraging, grasping, and chewing.
Molecular data can be combined with anatomical data to create a more comprehensive understanding of primate evolution.
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Phospholipids with an ether link between glycerol and the fatty acids are found in?
Answer: Archaea
Explanation:
the bilateral structure in the thalamus that relays information from the optic nerve to the visual cortex is known as the .
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is the name of the bilateral thalamic structure that transmits information from the optic nerve to the visual cortex.
The LGN is a critical part of the visual pathway, as it serves as the main point of convergence for visual information from the eyes before it is sent to the visual cortex for further processing.
The LGN is organized into distinct layers, with each layer receiving input from one eye and sending output to the visual cortex. This allows the LGN to perform some basic processing of the visual information, such as analyzing the spatial and temporal relationships between different visual stimuli.
The LGN also plays a role in the perception of color and contrast, and it is thought to contribute to the perception of depth and three-dimensional objects.
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A chemical reaction is represented by the following unbalanced chemical equation
Na2(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2S(g)
Which statement best describes why it is necessary to balance all chemical equations?
A. Chemical reactions do not destroy matter, so the same number of atoms must be present before and after the reaction.
B. Chemical reactions make new substances, so the new elements must be accounted for.
C. The total number of atoms in a chemical reaction are relative, so you can add as many as you want.
D.The total number of atoms in a chemical reaction can change as the reaction proceeds, so they must be identified first.
Reaction equations are balanced in order to obey the law of conservation of mass. This law states that in a closed system, matter cannot be created or destroyed, i.e., it must remain the same. Therefore, the correct statement is A.
Why is it necessary to balance the given chemical equation?
A chemical equation should always be balanced because the law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed so in a chemical equation the total mass of reactants must be equal to the mass of products formed i.e. the total number of atoms of each element should be equal on both the sides of a chemical equation.
Which law best explains why chemical equations should be balanced?
Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy the law of conservation of matter, which states that matter cannot be produced or destroyed in a closed system.
Which statement best describes balancing equations and the law of conservation of mass?
The number of atoms is the same in the reactants and in the products, and the total mass is the same in the reactants and in the products.
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Why do you think desert night lizards join family group? What advantages do you think they gain by living in a group?
Lizards known for their laying eggs and never looking back, desert night lizards have family values, like humans who have been found to invest time and energy in their young and families, a Tactics that were thought to be exclusive to mammals and birds.
What are Lizards?Lizard is a type of reptile which belongs to the order Squamata which also includes snakes, suborder Serpentine. Lizards are scaly reptiles that differ from snakes in having legs, movable eyelids, and external ear openings.
The desert night lizard is small in size with the average adult female at 80 mm in total length and 1.3 g in weight who lays eggs and leave with the family.
Thus, Lizards known for their laying eggs and never looking back, desert night lizards have family values, like humans who have been found to invest time and energy in their young and families, a Tactics that were thought to be exclusive to mammals and birds.
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The desert night lizard (Xanthusia vigilis), forms family social groups with mates, parents and offspring to protect themselves from enemies and look after each other. This is different from the behavior of lizards in general, which do not form social groups.
The desert night lizardDesert lizards usually prey on invertebrates, such as ants (including red ants), crickets, grasshoppers, beetles, worms, flies, ladybugs, worms, and some plant material. They are often found around ant hills, where they sit and wait for the ants to pass.
While some types of desert lizards will seek out areas of soft sand, they usually shake themselves vigorously, throwing sand over their backs and leaving only their heads. This allows them to hide from predators and wait for their unsuspecting prey.
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Which factors can prevent permanent fixation of an allele (i.e. maintain genetic diversity)? -Mutation -Natural Selection -Gene Flow -Genetic Drift
The factors that can prevent permanent fixation of an allele (i.e. maintain genetic diversity) are genetic drift and natural selection (option 2 & 4)
Genetic drift is a shift in an organism's genetic makeup that improves its ability to adapt to its environment. Continuous change provides an added benefit and improves survival chances.
Natural selection is the process by which an organism adapts to its surroundings by comparatively replicating its genes.
The main causes of allele fixation are these two factors. Through the loss of alleles or genotypes, drift induces the fixation of alleles. For diploid species, drift produces an increase in homozygosity and the inbreeding coefficient.
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true or false: a disease with a genetic origin in a mouse is unlikely to be an inherited disease in humans.
The answer is False. The statement "a disease with a genetic origin in a mouse is unlikely to be an inherited disease in humans" is false.
The given statement is not true due to evolutionary relatedness, humans share many genetic similarities with animals. Humans share many genetic similarities to animals, which means that a genetic disease in mice can also be an inherited disease in humans.
An example of a disease that may be inherited from mice SARS-CoV is which caused a severe outbreak of respiratory diseases in Hong Kong in 2003. This virus was thought to be related to the mouse-borne coronavirus, which also caused a major outbreak of respiratory disease in 2003.
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what is one way in which a cellular slime mold differs from a plasmodial slime mold?
Cellular slime molds and plasmodial slime molds are two distinct groups of organisms that belong to the phylum Myxomycota. One way in which they differ is in their form of multicellularity.
A cellular slime mold is composed of individual amoeba-like cells that come together to form a multicellular structure, called a pseudoplasmodium, in response to environmental stress, such as a lack of food.
The cells aggregate to form a mass that moves as a single entity and eventually forms a fruiting body, which produces spores that will eventually give rise to new amoeba-like cells.
On the other hand, plasmodial slime molds are characterized by a true multicellular stage, called the plasmodium, which is a large, amorphous, and undifferentiated mass of cytoplasm that contains many nuclei and moves as a single entity.
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what the concentric layers of bone tissue around a central canal are called?
Answer:
Lamellae
Explanation:
The osteon is made up of a central canal known as the osteonic (haversian) canal, which is surrounded by concentric rings of matrix (lamellae).
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What is the half bird half-human creature in Greek mythology?
Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling.A) ventricular ejection, ventricular relaxation, isovolumetric contractionB) ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, isovolumetric relaxationC) isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contractionD) isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation
The cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling are isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation.
What stage of the cardiac cycle is this?The 2 thin-walled upper chambers of the heart are sequentially activated and contract during atrial systole, which starts the cardiac cycle. Atrial systole is followed by ventricular systole, which is the delayed contraction of the stronger lower chambers.
Which 5 components make up the cardiovascular system?The blood-vascular system or simply the circulatory system are other names for the cardiovascular system. It is made up of a muscular pumping organ called the heart and a closed system of blood channels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.
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