During the citric acid cycle, an acetyl co A molecule produced in the intermediate stage combines with a molecule of oxaloacetic acid.
The primary energy source for cells and an important part of aerobic respiration is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sometimes called the Krebs or citric acid cycle. This cycle converts the chemical energy of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) into the reducing power of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which is further oxidized and enters the TCA cycle as acetyl-CoA. The intermediate half of the cycle also serves as the starting point for pathways leading to important molecules such as fatty acids, amino acids, and porphyrins. If any of these intermediates are diverted in this way, the integrity of the cycle is compromised and the cycle ceases to function. Only when the diverted intermediate, or the subsequent intermediate leading to oxaloacetate, is replaced by a replenishment (replenishment) process can significant energy production resume.The correct answer is oxaloacetic acid.
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Which molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence?
a. ribosomal rna
b. messenger rna
c. transfer rna
d. primer rna
e. ribozymes
b. messenger RNA molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence.
The central dogma is a process through which information from DNA is converted into proteins via messenger RNA. Central dogma comprises the process of transcription and translation.
Through the process of transcription, information from the DNA is transferred into the messenger RNA.
Through the process of translation, information from the mRNA is translated to form an amino acid sequence for proteins.
Each mRNA transcript acts as a codon. This codon is complementary to amino acid sequences required for the formation of proteins. Hence, the correct option is messenger RNA.
The process of translation occurs in the ribosomes where the tRNA brings the amino acids which will form the complementary anti-codons.
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As one moves away from a positive point charge, the electric potential:_____.
As one moves away from a positive point charge, the electric potential: decreases due to (r) is getting bigger
As the radius between the charges becomes larger the electric potential decreases because the relationship between the two is inversely proportional.
The electric potential formula is:
Ep = (k * q1 * q2)/r
Where:
Ep = electric potential energyk = coulomb constantq1 = charge 1q2 = charge 2r = separation distance of the chargesWhat is electrical potential?In physics the electric potential energy is the energy possessed by an electric charge in reference to another existing electric charge separated by a distance called (r). Its unit of measurement in the international system is the Joule.
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The pad of fatty tissue that covers the area of the pubic bone is called the ________.
The pad of fatty tissue that covers the area of the pubic bone is called the mons pubis
The pubic bone is protected by a fatty cushion called the mons pubis. The mons, or mons veneris in females, is another name for it. Although both have a mons pubis, females tend to have it more pronounced.
Females tend to have a large mound of tissue that is typically covered in pubic hair. During sexual contact, the mons pubis serves as a source of cushioning. Sebaceous glands that release pheromones to promote physical attraction are also found in the mons pubis.
The mons pubis is a part of the vulva. This is the rounded region in the bottom portion of the belly that is in front of the pubic bones (abdomen). At puberty, it grows hair all over it. The vulva has two skin folds.
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The eukaryotic ribosome is a(n) __________ ribosome, composed of 40s and 60s subunits.
The eukaryotic ribosome is a 80S ribosome, composed of 40s and 60s subunits.
Ribosome are the nucleoprotein structures. It is involved in the formation of proteins in the process of translation. Ribosomes are composed of two separate units: a smaller one and a larger one. They can be found lying in the cytoplasm of the cell or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
80S ribosome is the characteristic of eukaryotic organisms. The smaller unit of it is 40S and the larger one is 60S. The S in the ribosome refers to the Svedberg unit. It is a sedimentation coefficient. Heavier is the structure, higher is the sedimentation coefficient.
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If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna, what would happen at the rna level?.
Any change in the promoter sequence will make in unrecognizable and hence the RNA polymerase will not be able to identify it. As a result, no RNA will ne transcribed.
Promoter sequences are the repetitive sequences in the DNA present upstream of the gene. These sequences are recognized by the proteins like RNA polymerase and the process of transcription begins. Any change in these sequences can stop the whole process of transcription.
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that begins the process of transcription. The enzyme is a composition of various subunits. Prokaryotes have only one RNA polymerase whereas eukaryotes have three RNA polymerases.
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__________ are tunnel-like junctions that can occur anywhere along the lateral membranes of adjacent cells.
Gap Junction are tunnel-like junctions that can occur anywhere along the lateral membranes of adjacent cells.
Gap Junction- The intercellular networks known as gap junctions enable ions and small molecules to pass freely between cells. Nearly all cells in solid tissues are connected by gap junctions, which were initially discovered as low-resistance ion channels joining excited cells (nerve and muscle).
Cells- The fundamental units of all living organisms are cells. There are many billions of cells in a human body. They provide the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those food into energy, and perform certain tasks. A cell is a unit of tissue found in an animal's muscle.
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The enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate to adenosine diphosphate is?
Answer: phosphotransferase or kinases
Explanation:
The enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate to adenosine diphosphate is Pyruvate kinase.
What is Pyruvate kinase?Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that is involved in the final step of glycolysis.
It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), resulting in one pyruvate molecule and one ATP molecule.
The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.
This is driven by a flux of protons across a gradient generated by electron transfer from the proton's chemically positive to negative side.
Catalysis is a term that describes a process in which the presence of a substance (the catalyst) that is not consumed during the reaction influences the rate and/or outcome of the reaction.
Thus, pyruvate kinase is the enzyme responsible for the given reaction.
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The concave surface of the ulna that wraps around the trochlea of the humerus is the?
The olecranon fossa, which is located above the trochlea of the humeral condyle on the central aspect of the posterior humerus, enables the humerus to accept the olecranon of the ulna when it is extended. The trochlea notch, which is shaped like a C, is carved out of the olecranon, which is the proximal end of the ulna.
The ulna and humerus where they articulate?Elbow
The diaphysis, a long bony shaft with hyaline cartilage caps at either end, is how the ulna initially appears at birth. The distal epiphysis, a small bony cap that forms on the end of the hyaline by the wrist around age 4, starts to ossify around this time.
On the back of the humerus, above the trochlea, is the olecranon fossa, a deep triangular depression. When the forearm is extended, it gives the olecranon of the ulna room to move. lecranon fossa
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An unconditioned stimulus ____. a.is paired with a conditioned response b.requires conscious effort c.automatically triggers a physiological reflex d.is acquired through practice
An unconditioned stimulus c. automatically triggers a physiological reflex
What is matched with an unconditioned stimulus?In Pavlovian conditioning, an originally neutral stimulus that is paired with the unconditioned stimulus is known as a conditioned stimulus. For instance, a tone was heard shortly before the air puff reached the cornea of the eye.
The meal served as the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment. A reflexive response to a stimuli is referred to as an unconditioned response. In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs' unconditioned reaction was their salivation for food.
Unconditional behaviour does not require learning; it is innate and natural. Only until an unconditioned stimulus has developed a mental association with a conditioned stimulus can a person acquire a conditioned response.
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The complex external covering composed of two or three layers found on the majority of bacteria is termed the cell?
The complex external covering composed of two or three layers found on the majority of bacteria is termed the cell envelope.
Bacteria are the prokaryotic microorganisms that cannot be seen through unaided eyes. These are omnipresent creatures that can be visualized only under a microscope. The examples of bacteria are: E. coli, Helicobacter pylori, Lactobacillus, etc.
Cell envelope is the outermost layer that gives the cell its structure integrity and also protects the cell. The envelope is composed of three layers: cell membrane, cell wall and an outer membrane (if present). The envelope is also involved in the cell growth and division.
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Differences in structure between a dna helix and an rna helix can predominantly be attributed to the presence of _____ in rna.
Differences in structure between a DNA helix and an RNA helix can predominantly be attributed to the presence of 2' hydroxyl group in RNA.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix, contains the genetic material required for the growth, development, and reproduction of all recognized organisms as well as a number of viruses. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and DNA are examples of nucleic acids. Along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four main categories of macromolecules required for all known forms of life.
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A mutation in the dna that changes the sequence of a codon but does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein describes a ____________.
A mutation in the dna that changes the sequence of a codon but does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein describes a Silent mutation.
What is Silent mutation?DNA changes known as silent mutations do not manifest themselves in the phenotypic of the organism. They represent a particular kind of neutral mutation. The terms silent mutation and synonymous mutation are sometimes used interchangeably; nevertheless, neither synonymous mutations nor quiet mutations are always the same. As a result of the nucleotide change not altering the amino acid being translated, approximately 99.8% of genes that have mutations are regarded as silent. The Multi-Drug Resistance Gene 1 is one mutation that disproves the theory that quiet mutations do not affect phenotypic outcome.An example is the shift from AAA to AAG, which codes for the amino acid lysine (which also codes for Lys).
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Translate the medical term stomatosis as literally as possible? stomach inflammation mouth inflammation mouth condition stomach condition
Mouth condition
Medical term stomatosis translated as literally as possible is mouth condition.
What is stomatitis?A pain or inflammation inside the mouth is referred to as stomatitis. The sore may be on the tongue, inside the lips, or on the cheeks, gums, or cheekbones. Herpes stomatitis, commonly known as a cold sore, and aphthous stomatitis, often known as a canker sore, are the two main types of stomatitis.What contributes most often to stomatitis?The most common causes include trauma from ill-fitting braces or dentures, surgery, and biting the inside of the cheek, tongue, or lip.chemotherapy is a cancer treatment. Herpes virus infection, for example.What treatment for stomatitis works the quickest?The best way to treat canker sores is with anti-inflammatory medications like corticosteroids, which include prednisone. These medications will lessen the inflammation and agony.To learn more about stomatitis visit:
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A child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is prescribed atomoxetine. the nurse would assess the child closely for which adverse reactions?
Weight and height - The nurse needs to carefully track this child's weight and height because the drug can cause weight loss, anorexia, and nausea that could result in slowed or absent growth.
Commonly, consistent dieting is where anorexia starts. It may eventually cause excessive and unhealthy weight loss. Due to your concern about gaining weight, you might utilize extreme dieting and food restriction techniques.
There are two subtypes of anorexia:
Restrictor type - People with the restrictor kind of anorexia drastically restrict their food intake. Typically, this comprises foods that are heavy in fat and carbohydrates.
Bulimic (bingeing and purging) type - Bulimics force themselves to vomit after overeating. They might use other techniques, such as taking a lot of laxatives, to get their bowels moving.
Duodenal ulcer disease is the most frequent cause of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and discomfort. Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are close behind.
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What is another way in which human activity is increasing the amount of atmospheric co2.
The ways in which human activity is increasing the amount of atmospheric CO₂ is mass deforestation, burning of fuels, and excessive pollution.
Deforestation is the process of cutting down of trees. This has been one of the biggest cause on increase in CO₂ concentrations. The major reason for deforestation is demand for wood and the increased urbanization that demands land for farming, residence and industrialization.
Pollution is the presence of unwanted and harmful particles in the environment. Pollution can be of air, water, or noise. The air pollution is the cause of increased CO₂. Burning of household fuel, fuel from the vehicles and harmful gases from the industries are the major contributors.
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A typical dose-response curve shows that the response ______ as the dose increases.
Answer:
A typical dose-response curve shows that the response increases as the dose increases.
Explanation:
Pharmacodynamics is the scientific study of the range and amount of drug reactions (PDs). To be clear, this research focuses on the drug's potency, time, and systemic circulation upon delivery, as well as how these factors connect to the drug's quantity at the receptor point of action. The link with both concentrations as well as the effect is typically non-linear; for example, doubling the concentration can't possibly raise the impact by twice but would extend its lifespan by one half-life. The usage of quantitative techniques to assess the effectiveness and affinity of drugs is included in PD. Good clinical pharmacology can indeed be separated among, PK, PDs, and their combination.
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For each of the following processes list the spheres where matter begins the process and the sphere where matter ends the process.
The description of the spheres where matter begins the process and the sphere where matter ends the process is as follows:
Hydrosphere to AtmosphereHydrosphere to BiosphereAtmosphere to BiosphereGeosphere to AtmosphereGeosphere to HydrosphereWhat are the spheres of life?The spheres of life are four in number as follows:
Hydrosphere; refers to all the liquid waters of the EarthGeosphere; refers to the solid body of the Earth e.g. rocks, sedimentsBiosphere; refers to the part of the Earth capable of supporting life.Atmosphere; refers to the gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body e.g. oxygen in the airAccording to this question, a chart that relates these four spheres are given. We are expected to state the spheres where matter begins the process and the sphere where matter ends the process. They are as follows beginning from the second one;
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Which organ is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate? liver pancreas stomach gallbladder
Pancreas is the organ which is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.
Pancreas is an organ as well as a gland. It is a part of the digestive system. It is responsible for releasing the glucose regulating hormones: insulin and glucagon, as well as it secretes pancreatic juices that help if digestion of food.
Digestive enzymes are those involved in the breakdown of different food components. There are different enzymes for digesting the sugars, proteins, lipids, etc. Some of the examples of enzymes are: lipase, pepsin, sucrase, lactase, maltase, etc. These enzymes are released in the mouth, small intestine and stomach of the body.
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Why is technology not the solution to all scientific problems?
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
Technology is only as smart as humans are. Sure, many humans can work on a single piece of technology, meaning that a computer or other piece of tech is smarter than any individual person, but they can still never reach beyond the intelligence of humanity. Therefore, if we can't solve a problem, nothing technological can either
1._____is the amounts of material an object has with gram as the basic unit 2.weighing is more accurate than _____ 3.in measuring dry ingredients,it should level with the______
4.leaved-off with____when filling dry ingredients is a measuring cup
5.in measuring liquid,place glass or plastic cup on a_____surface
Answer:
the mass of an object is the amount of material it contains.
Weighing is more accurate than volumn measurement.
in measuring dry ingredients,it should level with th back of a knife.
4
5
The embryonic skeleton is made of hyaline cartilage. why is it necessary for the embryonic skeleton to first be formed from a cartilage matrix?
Malleability is necessary during the growth period within the tight space of the maternal uterus.
Uterus- In the reproductive system of those who are born with the gender given to them, the uterus is a pear-shaped organ (AFAB). During pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants there, and the baby grows there until it is born. Additionally, it is in charge of the menstrual period. It is frequently called the womb.
Hyaline Cartilage- The transparent, glass-like cartilage that covers numerous joint surfaces is called hyaline cartilage. In addition, it is frequently discovered in the ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea. Pearl-grey in color, firm in texture, and containing a sizable quantity of collagen, hyaline cartilage exhibits these characteristics.
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When cells become too cold (i.e., the body temperature drops too low), how is their functioning affected?
When cells become too cold, cell function slows down.
All cells in the body need optimum temperature at which they can perform best. Also, most enzymes in the body work best at normal body temperature.
When a cell becomes too cold, the optimum temperature for the enzyme to work is no more there. The optimum temperature required by the cell is also not there. Hence, the functioning of the cell slows down in such a condition.
For a cell to function properly, it needs optimum conditions like optimum temperatures, optimum pH, optimum water level, etc. If these conditions are not met, a cell is unable to perform optimally.
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As human beings, we each have a personal set of instructions, or alleles. what term best describes this set?
The genetic configuration of a property, personal set of instructions that human beings inherit from their parents is called a genotype.
The total set of genes that a child or adult acquired from each parent is referred to as the genotype.
Animals' cells receive their instructions from a substance known as DNA. The strands of DNA are very lengthy. These stands are composed of base pair sequences that command the production of particular proteins. We refer to these informational packages as genes. In their DNA, humans contain about 20,000 genes. These genes are largely the same in all humans. Nevertheless, a number of genes can differ from person to person. These many genes which cause the physical distinctions we can observe are called genotypes.
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Complexing with calcium dipicolinate and small acid-soluble proteins (sasps) are mechanisms that protect the _____ of an endospore from harsh environmental conditions.
Complexing with calcium dipicolinate and small acid-soluble proteins (sasps) are mechanisms that protect the chromosome of an endospore from harsh environmental conditions.
endospore is a spore like body that is formed by bacteria in order to in order to deal with harsh environmental conditions. It remains dormant, tough and non reproductive till the suitable environmental conditions returns.
Complexing with calcium dipicolinate helps the bacterial endospore to resist the heat which crucial for facing the environmental conditions.
Small acid soluble protein or SASPs are known to protect the endospore from damage by heat, UV rays and enzymatic actions.
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Egg and sperm cells (or their precursors) are called germ cells. all other cells in the body are called?
All other cells in the body are called Somatic cells.
What are germ cells?
The founding cells of all sexually reproducing organisms are known as germ cells. They are separated from the embryo's other somatic cells during development. Germ cells grow at the edge of the embryo proper in many animals before moving through a number of developing somatic tissues on their way to the developing gonad.
What are somatic cells ?
Any cell in the body that is not a gamete (egg or sperm), a germ cell (cell that develops into a gamete), or a stem cell is referred to as a somatic cell. Somatic cells are essentially any cells that make up an organism's body and are not directly utilised to create a new creature during reproduction.
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Why are the ends of the a band the darkest region of the sarcomere when viewed under a microscope? (choose the best response)
This is because thick and thin filaments intersect there, the ends of the A bands are where they are darkest.
The primary contractile unit of muscle fiber in skeletal muscle is the sarcomere. The protein filaments (myofilaments) that make up each sarcomere are mostly the thick myosin and thin actin filaments. The term "myofibril" refers to the collection of myofilaments.
What are A-bands?
Anisotropic bands of the sarcomere include the A-bands.A-Bands are dark when viewed up close.The H zone, a large light zone, is located in the middle of a band.Primary myofilaments and fragments of secondary myofilaments are found in A-bands.A-band length doesn't alter while the muscle contracts.To learn more about sarcomere visit the link:
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The two processes that occur during respiration are? a) ventilation and diffusion. b) inspiration and expiration. c) diffusion and oxygenation. d) oxygenation and ventilation
The two processes that occur during respiration are Inspiration and Expiration. The two fundamental elements of pulmonary ventilation are inspiration and expiration.
The process through which air departs the lungs is called expiration, and the process by which air is inhaled is called inspiration. A respiratory cycle is one round of inhaling and expiration.
Expiration (breathing out) and inspiration (breathing in) are necessary processes for the body to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. In contrast to inspiration, which includes the active contraction of muscles like the diaphragm, exhalation is frequently passive unless it is forced.
The rib cage's intercostals, parasternal, scalene, and neck muscles, which mostly influence the top portion (pulmonary rib cage), function as both inspiratory and expiratory muscles.
In order to breathe, the abdominal muscles contract against the rib.
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If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna, what would happen at the rna level?.
No RNA would be produced if the DNA's promoter sequence were altered. No RNA would be produced since the RNA polymerase would be unable to detect and bind the DNA.
No RNA would be produced since the RNA polymerase would be unable to detect and bind the DNA. The RNA sequence would be altered as a result of the DNA mutation. The RNA would not be produced because the DNA helicase would not be able to identify and bind the DNA. The protein's secondary and tertiary structures would alter as a result of changes to the fundamental structure.A promoter, in the field of genetics, is a segment of DNA that proteins bind to to start the transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter.For transcription to take place, RNA polymerase must bind to DNA close to a gene. A location for an enzyme to bind is provided by promoter DNA sequences. TATAAT is the -10 sequence. On average, 35 sequences are conserved, however most promoters do not.Learn more about transcription here:
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Out of the following age groups, which has changed significantly the most over time in the United States? Ages under 5 years Ages above 80 years Ages 25 to 34 years Ages 35 to 44 years
Answer:
Explanation:
The estimated population of the U.S. was approximately 331.89 million in 2021, and the largest age group was adults aged 30 to 34. There were 11.67 million males in this age category and around 11.43 million females
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Bacteria and other pathogens that normally populate the skin's surface are called:_____.