Option b is Correct. A person's phenotype is indicated when they are said to have hemophilia. Males have a single X and a single Y chromosome.
Haemophilia was once thought of as a textbook case of Mendelian inheritance because the disease phenotype is caused by a mutation in just one gene (F8 or F9). The spread of the illness is total. But research has shown that the illness has strong genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities.
The information needed to generate proteins like factor VIII and factor IX is encoded in a person's DNA. The gene for either the factor VIII protein or the factor IX protein has a mutation (difference from normal) in hemophilia patients. The X chromosome is home to the hemophilia-causing defective gene.
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Correct Question:
Describing a person as having hemophilia is to indicate his or her ______.
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. genetic code
d. number of chromosomes
In the positive feedback mechanism governing breast feeding, the mammary glands of the breast serve as the:.
In the positive feedback mechanism governing breast feeding, the mammary glands of the breast serve as the effectors.
What are effectors?Effectors are bodily parts that carry out or carry out a response to a stimuli. Effectors are muscles, glands, or organ systems that react to signals from the nervous system or hormones in the context of physiology and anatomy.
When a baby is nursing, the hypothalamus releases the hormone oxytocin in response to the stimulus of the baby sucking on the nipple. The smooth muscle in the mammary glands contracts in response to oxytocin, which aids in milk production. The release of milk prompts the hypothalamus to release more oxytocin, which in turn stimulates the release of more milk. This establishes a constructive feedback loop that aids in ensuring the baby has a sufficient and consistent supply of milk. As a result, the effectors in this process are the mammary glands, which respond to signals from the hypothalamus by making milk.
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interferes with growth, maintenance, and repair of the body even though it is an energy source
Alcohol interferes with the growth, maintenance, and repair of the body even though it is an energy source.
What are the benefits of alcohol?Lowering your chances of developing and dying from heart disease.Possibly lowering your chances of having an ischemic stroke (when the arteries to your brain become narrowed or blocked, causing severely reduced blood flow)Possibly lowering your diabetes risk.However, eating a good diet and being physically active offer far higher health benefits and have received far more attention.
Keep in mind that even modest alcohol consumption is not without risk. Even light drinkers (those who consume no more than one drink per day) have a slight but real elevated risk of certain malignancies, such as esophageal cancer.
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winter wheat is a flowering plant that normally flowers in the spring after cold exposure. how would winter wheat be affected by a mutation that prevents the production of the small rna molecules that affect flowering locus c?
Winter wheat that got affected by a mutation that prevents the production of the small RNA molecules that affect the flowering will show that its flowers won't appear at all or will appear but late.
Winter wheat is a strain of wheat that is planted in the autumn to germinate. It will develop into young plants but will stay in the vegetative phase during the winter before resuming its growth in early spring.
The thing that makes winter wheat different from spring wheat is that the winter wheat plants are acclimated to the cold temperatures. This acclimation is most likely due to the gradual decrease in daily temperatures during its germinating period.
Attached below is an image of an ear of winter wheat.
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Gates respond to all these stimuli except:a. chemical messengers.b. ligands.c. changes in electrical potential (voltage) across the plasma membrane.d. physical deformation of the plasma membrane.
Gates respond to all these stimuli except option (d) physical deformation of the plasma membrane. They would occupy if it were spread out across the water's surface was measured by these researchers.
Gorter and Grendel's 1925 lipid bilayer theory sparked curiosity about how crystallographic information and observations of soap bubbles can be used to characterize the bilayer structure of the plasma membrane. In order to confirm or disprove the theory, researchers evaluated membrane thickness. The surface area that a lipid extracted from human red blood cells.
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a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is usually
Typically, the substrate and a competitive inhibitor share structural similarities in enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
What does an enzyme-catalyzed reaction competitive inhibitor entail?Competitive enzyme inhibitors compete with the substrate for the enzyme's active site by having a shape that is similar to the substrate molecule. As a result, enzyme-substrate complexes cannot form. As a result, the enzymes may attach to fewer substrate molecules, which slows down the reaction rate.
Is or is not competitive inhibition reversible?By introducing more substrate until it reaches a far greater concentration than the inhibitor, competitive inhibition can be entirely reversed. Competitive inhibition research has shed light on distinct enzyme-substrate complexes and the interactions between various groups at the active site.
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The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:
A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
A. always interferes with product release.
B. inhibits to the same extent at all substrate concentrations.
C. cannot bind to the active site.
D. binds to an allosteric site.
E. is usually structurally similar to the substrate.
According to the phylogeny of various bird species depicted here, which species is the most recent common ancestor of species K and J?
a. species B
b. species E
c. species D
d. species H
The correct option is D; Species H , Follow each taxon's lineage back in time (towards the base of the tree) until all the lineages meet up to discover the most recent common ancestor of a group of taxa on a phylogenetic tree.
Their most recent shared ancestor is represented by that node.A collection of organisms that contains the most recent common ancestor of all of its members as well as all of the offspring of that most recent common ancestor is said to be monophyletic. A clade is a monophyletic group.
The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of any group of individuals is the most recent individual from whom all members of the group are directly derived.
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what would happen if tropomyosin couldn't change confirmation in the presence of ca2 binding to troponin? group of answer choices myosin couldn't bind to troponin myosin couldn't bind to atp myosin couldn't bind to actin ca2 wouldn't be released from the sr ach wouldn't be released from vesicles
Muscle contraction is prevented if calcium is not present to modify troponin's shape and remove tropomyosin from these binding sites.
After binding calcium, troponin displaces tropomyosin from the myosin-binding sites on actin (bottom), thereby unblocking it. When troponin is activated, Ca2+ binds to it, causing tropomyosin to move azimuthally around the actin filament, revealing the myosin binding sites and allowing the actin-myosin interaction that causes contraction (5–7). The physiological control of striated muscle contraction depends on troponin and tropomyosin. It is simple to comprehend why troponin is necessary because it attracts calcium ions19) and modifies its shape when exposed to Ca2+.
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The Sahel, once home to many grazing animals, is quickly becoming part of the Sahara Desert for all of the following reasons EXCEPT— a.over-grazing
b. air pollution
c. over-crowding
d. poor land management
The Sahel, once home to many grazing animals, is quickly becoming part of the Sahara Desert for all of the following reasons EXCEPT air pollution. The answer is B.
The Sahel is a semi-arid region that spans several countries in Africa, including Chad, Niger, Mali, and Sudan. It is becoming part of the Sahara Desert due to a combination of factors, including over-grazing, over-crowding, and poor land management practices. These factors have led to degradation of the land, reducing the amount of vegetation available for grazing animals and increasing the risk of desertification.
Air pollution is not a direct cause of desertification in the Sahel. However, air pollution can contribute to climate change, which can have indirect impacts on the region by altering precipitation patterns and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events.
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during which stage of meiosis would you find a cell with a diploid chromosome number and recombinant chromosomes?
During prophase I, the pairs of homologous chromosomes come together to form a tetrad or bivalent, which contains four chromatids. Recombination can occur between any two chromatids within this tetrad structure.
Due in great part to the length of time the cell spends in prophase I, meiosis is a sluggish process. The homologous chromosomal pairs unite to produce a tetrad or bivalent, which has four chromatids, during prophase I. Within this tetrad structure, any two chromatids are capable of recombination. Structures called chiasmata, which emerge late in prophase I, can be used to visualise crossovers between homologous chromatids. Chiasmata are necessary for precise meiosis. In fact, cells that are unable to generate chiasmata may be unable to properly segregate their chromosomes during anaphase, leading to the production of aneuploid gametes with an aberrant number of chromosomes.
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intramembraneous ossification occurs throughout a lifetime. (True or False)
The aforementioned claim is accurate. Intramembranous ossification takes place throughout lifetime.
The long bones, clavicles, flat bones, and the skull are created throughout fetal development by a process called intramural ossification, which also takes place when a bone is broken.
In essence, this process dictates how mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which later differentiate into osteocytes. Basically, what happens is that the mesenchymal cells start to multiply in response to a stimulation and form a structure called a nidus. Osteocytes, the fundamental building block of bones, are formed as a result of the replication, growth, and specialization of these cells. The mesenchymal cells will modify and adapt in a number of ways in order to lengthen, grow, and finally form the tissue.
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what are the cellular structures that convert the energy in food into a form the body can use?
Complex organelles called mitochondria transform food-derived energy into a form that cells can use. In addition to the DNA found in the nucleus, they also possess their own genetic material.
How can animals and plants turn food into energy?The energy in meals is transformed into energy that the body's cells can utilize during cellular respiration. Energy is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, which transforms glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water.
How do the cells of plants and animals use energy?Food provides energy to animal cells, whereas sunlight provides energy to plant cells. Chemical energy is used by all cells. is the energy that each molecule's bonds between its atoms hold.
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PLEASE help me I need help thank you !!!!!!!!!!!
The function of active transport in a cell is moving substances against a concentration gradient.
What do you mean by active transport?Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.
Active transport is usually associated with accumulating high concentrations of molecules that the cell needs, such as ions, glucose and amino acids. Examples of active transport include the uptake of glucose in the intestines in humans.
Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy. The alternative to active transport is passive transport, which uses kinetic energy only to move the molecules.
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fossils show us which of the following things listed in this question: (you may need to choose more than one.) select one or more: a. characteristics of living species b. features of organisms that were once living. c. interactions between organisms d. clues at the cellular level
b. features of organisms that were once living.
c. interactions between organisms.
What are fossils?
The preserved remains, or traces of remains, of extinct animals, are called fossils. The remains of the organism itself are not fossils! They're stones.
A full organism or only a portion of one can be preserved as a fossil. Leaves, feathers, shells, bones, and shells can all turn into fossils.
Fossils come in a wide range of sizes. Only a microscope can see microfossils. Microfossils include pollen and bacteria. Macrofossils can weigh several tons and measure many meters in length. Petrified trees or dinosaur bones are examples of macrofossils.
Once preserved remains have aged 10,000 years or more, they are considered fossils. From the Archaean Eon, which began over four billion years ago, all the way up to the Holocene Epoch, fossils have been found (which continues today).
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Which test can be used to test for the presence of microorganisms?
Finding hazardous bacteria in or on your body that could be making you unwell is possible with the aid of a bacteria culture test.
You must provide a sample of your blood, urine, skin, or another type of tissue in order to undergo the test. Depending on where the infection appears to reside, a different sample type is required. A test to determine whether you have a bacterial infection is a bacterium culture. Additionally, the test can determine what kind of bacteria caused the infection, which aids in making treatment choices. A medical professional collects a sample of blood, stool, urine, skin, mucus, or spinal fluid for a bacteria culture test.
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a species of snakes became extinct due to pollution in a river where the snakes once lived. this is an example of
A species of snakes became extinct due to pollution in a river where the snakes once lived. This is an example of a market failure caused by an externality.
An externality is a cost or benefit caused by a producer that is not financially incurred or received by that producer. An externality can be both positive or negative and can stem from either the production or consumption of a good or service. The costs and benefits can be both private—to an individual or an organization—or social, meaning it can affect society as a whole. Almost all externalities are considered to be technical externalities. Technical externalities have an impact on the consumption and production opportunities of unrelated third parties, but the price of consumption does not include the externalities. This exclusion creates a gap between the gain or loss of private individuals and the aggregate gain or loss of society as a whole.
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which substance is not recycled but rather is lost from ecosystems? which substance is not recycled but rather is lost from ecosystems? carbon magnesium nitrogen energy
Energy is not recycled but rather is lost from ecosystems. So, option D is the correct alternative.
In food webs, energy is passed between organisms from producers to consumers. Organisms utilise the energy to accomplish challenging activities.
The majority of the energy in food webs originates from the sun and is converted (processed) into chemical energy by plants during photosynthesis. The breakdown of molecules during plant respiration converts a tiny fraction of this chemical energy directly into heat. Most of the chemical energy that plants store is converted into different forms by a variety of consumers.
In ecosystems, energy is not recycled, and each ecosystem needs a constant supply of energy to survive.
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What does the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator do?
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein aids in the maintenance of salt and water balance on various body surfaces.
Cystic fibrosis occurs when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is generated improperly or not at all. By understanding how the protein is produced, scientists have been able to develop treatments that target it and restore its function.
When a protein fails to function properly, chloride, a salt component, becomes trapped in cells. Water cannot hydrate the cellular surface unless chloride moves properly. This causes the mucus that covers the cells to thicken and cling together, causing many of the symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis.
The CFTR protein has 1,480 amino acids. The CFTR protein chain is formed and then folded into a precise 3-D shape. The CFTR protein is fashioned like a tube that travels through the cell's membrane, similar to how a straw goes through the plastic top of a cup.
The CFTR protein is a kind of protein known as an ion channel. An ion channel transports electrically charged atoms or molecules from inside the cell to outside, or from outside the cell to inside. The CFTR ion channel in the lung transports chloride ions from within to outside the cell. The chloride ions exit the cell by passing through the middle of the created tube.
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which of the following serves as the primary intracellular cue for the release of interferon by a virus infected cell? group of answer choices the presence of intracellular viral protein :the presence of mhc i the presence of single stranded dna :the presence of double-stranded rna
The following that serves as the primary intracellular cue for the release of interferon by a virus infected cell is the presence of double-stranded RNA (option 4)
It has long been understood that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) plays a crucial role in the interferon (IFN) system. It was first identified as a significant mediator of IFN induction in response to viral infection. It was later discovered to be a key initiator of the antiviral response. The identification of a mammalian RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in recent years has stoked interest in dsRNA-mediated cellular responses once again. This has happened at the same time as important IFN induction pathway elements have been discovered. Here, we provide a summary of what is currently understood about dsRNA-mediated pathways in mammalian cells and establish a connection between these pathways and the use of RNAi.
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what two parts of a nucleotide are involved in the covalent bond between the adjacent nucleotides in a single polynucleotide strand?
In a single polynucleotide strand, the two parts of a nucleotide that are involved in the covalent bond between the adjacent nucleotides are the sugar and the phosphate groups.
The bond between the adjacent nucleotides is called a phosphodiester bond, and it is formed by a covalent bond between the 3'-OH group of the sugar in one nucleotide and the 5'-phosphate group of the next nucleotide.
This bond creates a linear polymer of nucleotides, also known as a polynucleotide, which makes up the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. The sequence of nucleotides in a polynucleotide is crucial for its function, as it encodes genetic information in DNA and plays a role in protein synthesis in RNA.
In conclusion, the covalent bond between the adjacent nucleotides in a single polynucleotide strand is formed by a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-OH group of the sugar in one nucleotide and the 5'-phosphate group of the next nucleotide. This bond is crucial for the formation and function of polynucleotides in nucleic acids.
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which granulocyte is aggressively antibacterial, and has a band-shaped nucleus when young?
When neutrophils are young, their nuclei have a band-like structure and are actively antimicrobial.
What one of the following describes lymphocytes?A lymphocyte is a leukocyte that is frequently present in the blood and lymph and has the features of a sizable nucleus, a cytoplasm that is neutrally stained, and prominent heterochromatin. The immune system of the body includes leukocytes. They support the body's defenses against illness and infection. Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes are different types of leukocytes (T cells and B cells).
What qualities do neutrophils possess?The distinctive multilobed nucleus of neutrophils is composed of 3 to 5 lobes connected by thin strands of genetic material. Azurophilic or primary granules, which are abundant and purple in color and contain microbicidal chemicals, are seen in the cytoplasm of neutrophils.
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Chris lives in a city that experiences heavy rainfall with average annual precipitation of 882 millimeters. It is warm all year.
Mark lives in city with an average annual rainfall of 40 millimeters. It has hot summers and cool winters.
Chris’s city is in a
A. Moderate
B. Dry
C. Tropical
climate, while Mark’s city is in a
A. Tropical
B. Dry
C. Polar
climate.
The climate in Chris’s city is tropical and the climate in Mark’s city is dry climate. The correct options are C and B.
What is precipitation?Precipitation is the amount of moisture or water present in the air. During the rainy seasons, precipitation is high and during summer the precipitation is low, and it causes air lighter and warm.
The climate in Chris' city is humid tropical.
The tropical wet climate type, is somewhere near the equator, as regions near the equator typically experience high precipitation and warm, humid climates.
The weather in Mark's city is chilly desert.
The city where Mark lives will have a cold desert climate because of the large temperature variations, hot summers and cold winters, and very little precipitation.
Therefore, the correct option is C. Tropical and B. Dry.
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Chris’s city is in a tropical climate, specifically a tropical rainforest climate.
Mark’s city is in a dry climate.
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Body cells, which are cells that do not undergo meiosis to become sperm or oocytes, are also called ___ cells.
Somatic cells, or body cells, are also known as cells that do not go through meiosis to develop into sperm or oocytes. The body's somatic cells are all other types of cells, excluding sperm and egg cells.
What types of cells avoid meiosis?A diploid cell (2n) creates two haploid cells (n) during the cell division process known as meiosis. Therefore, the haploid cell is incapable of further division. The chromosomal number is represented by the letter "n." Because the number of chromosomes decreases by half during meiosis, a haploid cell cannot go through the process.
How do somatic and germ cells differ?The body's somatic cells are all the cells other than sperm and egg cells. Human somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, and are hence called diploid cells.
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a child with cystic fibrosis (cf) is receiving recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (dnase) or pulmozyme (generic name). what statement about dnase is true?
It is accurate to say that a child with cystic fibrosis (cf) is given pulmozyme or recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (dnase) (generic name).
Children with streptococcal pharyngitis shouldn't go back to school until they've finished taking antibiotics for 24 hours and the fever has gone down. Children with group A dnase strep pharyngitis who get antibiotics have a lower risk of having long-term effects (acute rheumatic fever).
Children who exhibit croup symptoms and signs should also be evaluated for the medical emergency known as epiglottitis. High fever and the child's poisonous appearance set epiglottitis apart from croup. Children who have epiglottitis will typically drool, have a sore throat, and sit or lean forward.
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what is it called when plants release water into the atmosphere?
When plants release water into the atmosphere than it is referred to as transpiration process.
Moisture is transported through plants via transpiration, from roots to small holes on the leaf's underside where it transforms into vapour and is discharged into the atmosphere. Although water is essential to plants, only a small portion of the water absorbed by the roots is utilised for growth and metabolism.
The thin sheet of air that envelops the world is known as the atmosphere. It is composed of a number of gases, including oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxides, dust, and water vapour. It shields us from the sun's damaging rays and sweltering heat.
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which of the following best describes the action of endocrine disruptors in organisms? responses endocrine disruptors scar the lung tissue of animals, inducing respiratory difficulties. endocrine disruptors scar the lung tissue of animals, inducing respiratory difficulties. endocrine disruptors block the central nervous system of animals, leading to behavioral abnormalities. endocrine disruptors block the central nervous system of animals, leading to behavioral abnormalities. endocrine disruptors mimic naturally occurring hormones in animals, leading to developmental disorders. endocrine disruptors mimic naturally occurring hormones in animals, leading to developmental disorders. endocrine disruptors reduce primary productivity in plants, inducing a trophic cascade.
The one that best describes the action of endocrine disruptors in organisms is: Endocrine disruptors mimic naturally occurring hormones in animals, leading to developmental disorders.
Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that can interfere with the endocrine (hormonal) systems. These chemicals are sometimes also called hormonally active agents or endocrine-disrupting compounds. They can interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, and even elimination of naturally occurring hormones in the body which are responsible for the development, behavior, fertility, and maintenance of normal cell metabolism.
The interference caused by endocrine disruptors can cause various developmental disorders in the organism, such as cancerous tumors and birth defects.
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In addition to serving as building blocks of dna, what other function do nucleotides perform in a cell?
Nucleotides, a type of organic molecule, are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. The genetic material in all known living things is composed of chains of nucleotides. They serve a variety of other purposes in addition to being molecules that transmit energy and serve as messengers. An instruction for the cell's proteins to attach a specific protein to a set of nucleotides specified by the rest of the DNA is given by a codon, which is a set of three nucleotides found in DNA. Special codons are used to specify to the machinery where to stop and start the process. The procedure known as DNA translation converts data from DNA into the language of proteins.
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Question Which statement best describes the relationship between changes in air pressure and wind speeds? Responses When a high- and a low-pressure air mass are far apart, air moves quickly from high to low pressure. When a high- and a low-pressure air mass are far apart, air moves quickly from high to low pressure. When a high- and a low-pressure air mass are far apart, air moves quickly from low to high pressure. When a high- and a low-pressure air mass are far apart, air moves quickly from low to high pressure. When a high- and a low-pressure air mass are close together, air moves slowly from high to low pressure. When a high- and a low-pressure air mass are close together, air moves slowly from high to low pressure. When a high- and a low-pressure air mass are far apart, air moves slowly from high to low pressure.
Answer: it’s is B
Explanation:
what characteristics of chlamydomonas are typical of protists in general?
Answer: Chlamydomonas is a simple, unicellular chlorophyte with a pear-shaped morphology and two opposing, anterior flagella that guide this protist toward light sensed by its eyespot. More complex chlorophyte species exhibit haploid gametes and spores that resemble Chlamydomonas.
Explanation:
Answer:
- It's size
- It's habitat
- The lack of characteristics that define members of the plant, animal, and fungal kingdoms.
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identify the two types of cells in the nervous system.
The two types of cells in nervous system are neural cells and glial cells.
Neurons: The major nerve cells that carry electrical and chemical messages from the brain to various regions of the body are known as neurons. They are specialized cells with the ability to create, send, and receive electrical signals, which are necessary for communication.
Glial Cells: Non-neuronal cells called glial cells provide crucial supporting roles in the nervous system. They offer physical support, regulate the chemical environment around the neurons, and aid in insulating and protecting the neurons. Glial cells come in a variety of forms, such as microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. The blood-brain barrier is formed by astrocytes, which also serve to keep the right chemistry around neurons.
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What level of protein structure is associated with the sequence of amino acids?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quarternary
The level of protein structure associated with the sequence of amino acids is primary, which is in Option A, as it is the linear sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain.
What is the significance of the primary structure of a protein?The primary structure of protein is made up of only amino acids joined with each other by peptide bonds, and later they are formed the alpha helix and beta pleated sheets among them to form the secondary structure.
Hence, the level of protein structure associated with the sequence of amino acids is primary, which is in Option A, as it is the linear sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain.
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