Damage to the neural tube would consist of the spinal cord and brain not developing correctly. Thus the correct answer is option D.
Birth malformations known as neural tube defects can affect the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They frequently occur during the first month of pregnancy before the woman even realizes she is pregnant. Spina bifida and anencephaly are the two neural tube abnormalities that are most frequently identified. The fetal spinal column does not entirely shut in spina bifida. Leg paralysis from nerve injury is normal at least to some extent. The majority of the skull and brain do not develop in anencephaly. Anencephalic newborns frequently deliver stillborn babies or pass very soon after birth. The Chiari malformation is a particular defect that causes the brain matter to extend into the spinal canal.
The proper question is:
Damage to the neural tube would consist of:
(A). problems with the formation of the digestive system.
(B). the umbilical cord not connecting the placenta to the uterus.
(C). the skin not developing pores and hair follicles.
(D). the spinal cord and brain not developing correctly.
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Does DNA or RNA use the nitrogen base Thymine?
Answer:
Hi Ashley
Explanation:
DNA uses the nitrogen base Thymine (T). RNA uses the nitrogen base Uracil (U) instead of Thymine.
the first widely used birth control method for women was group of answer choices the pill. the iud. spermicidal foams and jellies. the diaphragm.
The first widely used birth control method for women was "the Pill".
Enovid was the first oral contraceptive, or birth control pill, that was widely used for women. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1960, and quickly became known simply as "the Pill".
The Pill provided women with a convenient and highly effective method of preventing pregnancy, and its introduction had a profound impact on women's reproductive health and rights.
Enovid was composed of a combination of the hormones progesterone and estrogen, specifically mestranol and norethynodrel, which made it the first combined oral contraceptive pill.
This hormonal composition worked together to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation.
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Which of these is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction?
Epinephrine
extrasystole
pulmonary veins
Extrasystole is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction.
The correct option is b.
Extrasystoles are extra heartbeats that take place outside of the normal heartbeat and might have undesirable side effects. Extrasystoles, commonly known as skipped heartbeats, "heart hiccups," or palpitations, are a kind of cardiac arrhythmia that are recognised medically.
Extra heartbeats known as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) start in one of the heart's two bottom pumping chambers. The usual heart rhythm is disrupted by these additional beats, which can occasionally make the chest seem as though it is fluttering or skipping beats.
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) may raise the chance of developing irregular heartbeats or weakening of the heart muscle if they occur frequently or in particular patterns.
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Spirochetes are small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. True or False?
True ,Spirochetes are small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites.
In general , the spirochete survives in the louse hemolymph when the infection is transmitted to humans these louse are crushed on human skin and the small spirochetes enters inside the the skin or mucous membranes. They are also a large group of carcinomas obtained from the glandular tissue. Which are specialized to form lymphocytes that can also produce antibodies.
Spirochetes also contains distinctive diderm or double-membrane like gram-negative bacteria, majority of spirochetes have long, helically coiled spiraled cells hence named as Spirochetes .
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What are the four levels of protein structure? For each level, list what types of bonds and where in the structure each bond is found?
The four levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary as well as quaternary structures. Primary structure has covalent bonds, secondary has hydrogen bonds, tertiary as well as quaternary structures have non-covalent interactions.
The primary structure consists of covalent peptide bonds which are present between the amino acids. Secondary structure basically consists of hydrogen bonds that occur between backbone carbonyl and the amino groups.
Tertiary structure shows how the beta sheets and alpha helices are able to interact in 3 dimensions. Noncovalent interactions like hydrophobic interactions, salt bridges, as well as hydrogen bonds are found in these. Quaternary structure involves the interactions between different polypeptide chains to form a multimeric protein. They have the same type of interactions as in the tertiary structures.
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what is the modern term for the subfield of psychology that studies the development and change of individuals as they age throughout their lives?
The modern term for the subfield of psychology that studies of the development and change of individuals as they age throughout their lives is called as Development Psychology.
Development psychology focuses on the colorful aspects of cerebral growth and development throughout the lifetime. This includes physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and personality development, as well as the ways in which these aspects interact and impact one another. Developmental psychologists may look at the natural environmental.
Factors that contribute to individual growth and development and examine how these factors may shape the development of personality and behaviour . Developmental psychologists frequently use a variety of exploration styles, similar as checks, interviews, and experimental studies.
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Match the type of boundary with its characteristic.
A. Transform
B. Convergent
C. Divergent
1. Near subduction zones
2. Tension
3. Shearing
Answer:
Here is the matching of the types of boundaries with their characteristics:
B. Convergent - Near subduction zones
C. Divergent - Tension
A. Transform - Shearing
Select all examples of cells that are prokaryotic:
Fungal cell
Animal cell
Archaeal cell
Bacterial cell
Plant Cell
Prokaryotes are mostly single-celled creatures that belong to the bacterial and archaeal kingdoms. All prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles but do have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell wall, and DNA. Also common are capsules with polysaccharides. Prokaryotic cells include bacterial and archaeal ones.
Single-celled creatures known as prokaryotes are found in the Bacteria and Archaea domains. Prokaryotes cells lack a nucleus and organelles, and they are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. A cell wall encloses every prokaryotic cell. Many additionally include a polysaccharide-based capsule or mucus layer. Single-celled creatures known as prokaryotes are devoid of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
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protein complementarity is the practice of combining sources of protein such that amino acid deficiencies in one source are counterbalanced by abundances in another source. T/F
The given statement "protein complementarity is the practice of combining sources of protein such that amino acid deficiencies in one source are counterbalanced by abundances in another source" is true because we combine proteins to get amino acid which is essential for body.
To obtain all 9 essential amino acids for your body, you can mix two plant proteins, such as grains and legumes, through a process known as protein complementation. Protein complementation is broken out as follows: Food - Few Amino Acid - s Complement.
Body protein as well as other vital nitrogen-containing substances including creatine, peptide hormones, and some neurotransmitters cannot be produced without amino acids. Although allowances are expressed in terms of protein, amino acids are a biological necessity. Amino acid residues are the second-largest component of human muscles and other tissues, after water, and they are found in the form of proteins.
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The fundamental unit of structure in the dna molecule is the__
The fundamental unit of DNA is referred to as a nucleotide.
A double helix is created when the DNA macromolecule's two strands twist around a single axis. The nitrogenous base pairs that make up the rungs and the alternating sugar and phosphate groups that make up the sides of the ladder give the double helix its ladder-like appearance.
DNA molecules can range in size from a few hundred thousand to millions of base pairs. Chromosome 21 is the smallest chromosome in the human genome, with about 48 million base pairs.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the name of the sugar found in DNA's nucleotides. A separate sugar called ribose is used by RNA molecules. The sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA strand is formed by covalent connections connecting one nucleotide's sugar with the subsequent nucleotide's phosphate group.
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which of the traits that you originally observed for e. coli did not seem to become altered? which traits appear to be significantly different after the transformation procedure?
The traits that did not alter were color and shape while the quantity in each plate and the glowing capability of the bacteria appeared to be different.
What is the meaning of traits?
In biology, a trait or character is a characteristic of a living thing. It belongs to the phenotypic of an organism.
Every living thing, from minuscule creatures like bacteria to plants, animals, and people, possesses certain special qualities. The anatomy, or physical makeup, of a living entity, can be referred to as its body or structure. The physical structure functions in a specific manner; this is how its body functions. Animals also behave in a particular way; this is called their behavior.
A living thing's structure, physiological processes, and behavioral patterns are all examples of characteristics. Traits are heritable, meaning that genes can transmit them from one generation to the next.
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The primary reason that the human population has grown rapidly over the past 100 years is that there has been?
what is the difference between sex chromosomes and autosomes? how many of each is found in human cells
The difference between sex chromosomes and autosomes is sex chromosomes determine the gender of an individual, while autosomes determine other traits and characteristics. Sex chromosomes is found two ( one pair ) in human cells and autosomes is found 22 pair in human cells.
Sex chromosomes determine the gender of an individual and are responsible for the development of reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics. They are called sex chromosomes because they differ between males and females. Males typically have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), while females have two X chromosomes (XX). On the other hand, autosomes determine other traits and characteristics that are not related to gender, such as eye color, height, and hair texture.
In human cells, there are 46 chromosomes in total, arranged in 23 pairs. Out of these 23 pairs, two are sex chromosomes, and the other 22 pairs are autosomes. This means that human cells contain 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, making a total of 46 chromosomes.
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There are two cells in a pollen
grain. The generative cell will
fertilize the egg. What
happens to the tube cell?
A. It causes the plant to self-fertilize.
B. It forms the pollen tube down the style to
the ovule.
C. It creates a new flower.
D. It grows more roots for the plant.
There are two cells in a pollen grain. The generative cell will fertilize the egg therefore what happens to the tube cell is that it forms the pollen tube down the style to the ovule which is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Fertilization?
This is referred to as the action or process of fertilizing an egg or a female animal or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
The tube cell will grow a pollen tube down the length of the style and into the ovary thereby resulting in the fertilization of the eggs.
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What are protein beta sheets stabilized by?
protein beta sheets are stabilized by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and other forces
The lateral alignment of -strands in parallel or antiparallel orientations results in the formation of protein [tex]\beta[/tex]-sheet structures, which are then stabilised by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and other factors. Intermolecular -sheet interactions are linked to protein quaternary structure, protein-protein interactions, and peptide and protein aggregation, whereas intramolecular -sheet interactions are linked to protein folding. The role of [tex]\beta[/tex]-sheets in diseases such as HIV, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders is in addition to their significance for normal biological processes. Understanding and managing protein activities and interactions requires an understanding of the forces that contribute to the stability and interactions of [tex]\beta[/tex]-sheets.
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in addition to serving as building blocks of dna, what other function do nucleotides perform in a cell?
In a cell, nucleotides act as an energy source, signalling molecules, regulators of gene expression, and tools for DNA repair and protection.
What is nucleotide?A nucleotide is a chemical unit that is made up of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a base with nitrogen. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are made up of nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides determines the genetic information recorded in DNA, and nucleotides are the monomers that make up the chains of nucleic acids.
Nucleotides play various crucial roles in a cell, including acting as the building blocks of DNA. The building blocks of nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA, are known as nucleotides. Through the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy source for cellular functions, they contribute significantly to the transmission of energy within a cell. Additionally, nucleotides act as signalling molecules, transferring data between cells and controlling a number of biological functions like cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis.
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what type of bond links two polynucleotide chains to each other in a double helix of dna?
The type of bond that links two polynucleotide chains to each other in a double helix of DNA is a hydrogen bond.
DNA is composed of two complementary polynucleotide chains, which are twisted around each other to form a double helix. The polynucleotide chains are composed of repeating units called nucleotides, each of which contains a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of one chain hydrogen bond with the nitrogenous bases of the other chain, forming the rungs of the DNA ladder. The sugar-phosphate backbone of each chain forms the sides of the ladder. The specific order of polynucleotide chains bases in each chain determines the genetic information carried by the DNA molecule, and the hydrogen bonds between the bases hold the two chains together in the double helix. The strength of these hydrogen bonds is critical for the stability and stability of the DNA double helix, which is essential for many cellular processes, including DNA replication and protein synthesis.
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Select all the statements that correctly describe the cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin Hemoglobin acts as an oxygen store under anaerobic conditions_ The hemoglobin-oxygen binding curve is sigmoidal_ Salt bridges between hemoglogbin subunits allow oxygen to bind tightly Hemoglobin always binds oxygen tightly: Hemoglobin consists of four heme-bound subunits.
The statement that correctly describe the cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is that hemoglobin acts as an oxygen store under anaerobic conditions, salt bridges between hemoglobin subunits allow oxygen to bind tightly, and hemoglobin always binds oxygen tightly.
Red blood cells include the protein haemoglobin, which transports oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and carbon dioxide from those tissues back to your lungs.
Each of the four globin chains that make up haemoglobin has a haem molecule that reversibly binds to oxygen. By the causing structural changes in the nearby globin chains, oxygen binding to haemoglobin affects oxygen affinities.
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if individuals iii-4 and iii-5 mate and have a child, what is the probability that the child will have the genetic condition? use only the information given in the pedigree shown.
50%, Because they are dominant and in equal ratio. one would need to examine the pedigree and determine probability if either III-4 or III-5 are carriers of the genetic condition.
Based on the information given, it would be possible to determine the probability of the child inheriting the genetic condition. The probability cannot be determined without more information. A pedigree provides information about the inheritance of a particular trait or condition in a family, but it does not indicate the specific probability of a child inheriting the condition from the parents. Further genetic condition or analysis is necessary to determine the likelihood of inheritance.
The complete Question is:
What is the probability that a child from a mating between individuals III-4 and III-5 will have the genetic condition based on the information given in the pedigree?
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in a species that has five different alleles for a gene at a particular locus, how many different alleles may be present in the somatic cells of one diploid individual?
For the somatic cells of a diploid individual, the number of alleles present will be two.
Diploid is the ploidy of a cell which indicates the set of chromosomes present in a cell. Diploid condition states that the cell contains two sets of chromosomes, each one received from each parent. Both the sets contains the same or different forms of a gene called allele.
Alleles are the different alternating forms of a gene. These forms are present on the homologous chromosomes. Since a diploid cell contains two homologous chromosomes that is why it contains two alleles one on each chromosome. These alleles may or may not be of the same type.
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When atp is hydrolyzed into adp and inorganic phosphate, _____.
Energy is released through the hydrolysis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate.
Hydrolysis is a process in which water is used to break a bond, and in this case, the bond between the two phosphate groups in ATP is broken, releasing energy.
The energy released during the hydrolysis of ATP is stored energy that can be used by the cell for various processes, such as muscle contraction, transport of molecules across cell membranes, and biosynthesis of macromolecules.
When ATP is hydrolyzed, the molecule is transformed from a high-energy form (ATP) to a lower-energy form (ADP). The energy stored in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups in ATP is transferred to the surroundings, making it available for cellular processes.
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james watson was awarded the nobel prize after discovering that dna has what shape? pascal triangle
James and Watson were awarded Nobel prize after discovering the double helix structure of DNA.
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the majorly found genetic material. The structure of DNA is composed of two antiparallel strands in the form of double helix. There are various types of DNA like; A-DNA, B-DNA, Z-DNA, etc. DNA consists of all the genetic information required to make a body functional.
Double helix refers to the physical DNA structure where two strands wind around each other. These strands are joined together by hydrogen bonds. The complete structure appears as a twisted ladder and this is called a double helix.
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The inner surface of the small intestine _____.
Mucosal folds: The inner surface of the small intestine is not flat, but thrown into circular folds. This not only increases the surface area, but helps regulate the flow of digested food through your intestine.
The majority of nutrients from meals are absorbed in the small intestine, also known as the small bowel, of the digestive system. Through the pancreatic duct, which is located between the stomach and the large intestine, it receives bile and pancreatic juice to aid in digesting. To fit inside the abdomen, the small intestine, which is around 5.5 meters (18 feet) long, folds many times. Despite being shorter, the small intestine has a smaller diameter than the large intestine.
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T/F: The role of the chordae tendineae is to open the AV valves at the appropriate time
The role of the chordae tendineae is to stabilize the AV valve against the large pressure changes that occur when the ventricles contract. So this is wrong.
The role of the chordae tendineae is to stabilize the AV valve against the large pressure changes that occur when the ventricles contract. The chordae tendineae are thin strands of connective tissue that anchor each AV valve leaflet, preventing it from opening into the atria (allowing blood to flow back into the atria). The function of the chordae tendineae, therefore, is to anchor the AV valve to the ventricular papillary muscles and maintain it in a closed position during ventricular systole to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.
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a group of neural cell bodies outside the central nervous system is called a: group of answer choices synaptic terminal ganglion tract nucleus
Ganglia are groupings of nerve cell bodies found outside of the central nervous system therefore, the ganglion is the right choice.
They resemble tiny knots. An afferent division, which processes sensory information, and an efferent division, which processes motor information, are both part of the peripheral nervous system. Impulses coming from the organs in the body's periphery are carried to the central nervous system by the afferent or sensory division.
Ganglia and nerves are the two types of organs that make up the peripheral nervous system. Similar to how muscles are made up of bundles of muscle fibers, nerves are made up of groups of nerve fibers bundled together. From the central nervous system (CNS), nerves travel out to the peripheral organs, which include the skeletal muscles and glands.
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If stimulated over a period of time, _____ receptors lose eventually sensitivity
Sensory receptors eventually lose sensitivity if stimulated over time.
What is sensory adaptation?Sensory adaptation is the process through which sensory receptors lose sensitivity after being activated repeatedly. When the nervous system becomes less receptive to consistent stimuli so that it may concentrate on more significant or shifting stimuli, this process is known as sensory adaptation.
For instance, when you walk into a room with a strong smell, you might initially find it to be very overpowering, but after a few minutes, you might stop noticing it. This enables you to change your focus to other environmental cues.
Other sensory modalities including vision, hearing, and touch also experience sensory adaptation. It assists in avoiding sensory overstimulation and safeguards the nervous system from being overloaded with information at once.
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Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following questions(s) refer to the following elements.
(A) Carbon
(B) Sodium
(C) Sulfur
(D) Phosphorus
(E) Potassium
Guano from fish-eating birds is a commercial source of this element.
Guano is the commercial source of phosphorous.
Due to heavy use of American farmlands at the start of the 19th century, soil nutrients were depleted. Farmers began looking for superior fertilizers. Bird guano then arrived in the United States in the 1840s.
The first American ships began mining guano from the Chincha Islands, a collection of islands off the coast of Peru, in the 1830s. These islands were approximately 200 feet deep in guano due to the abundance of pelicans, and guanay cormorants. Many businesses explored for superior guano on comparable distant islands in the Pacific and the Caribbean after Peruvian guano gained popularity in the US.
The rain on these islands had stripped the guano of its nitrates, a crucial component of agricultural fertilizer, thus even if some guano was discovered, it was of lower quality. The Chincha Islands' guano was the best in the world because of its high nitrate content, which was caused by the islands' arid climate.
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what was the most significant difference between darwin’s theory of evolution and the ideas about evolution that had been proposed previously?
Darwin also put forth a theory of how evolution works.The origin and adaptations of organisms entered the scientific canon with Darwin's discovery of natural selection.
The adaptive characteristics of creatures might now be explained by natural processes, much like the phenomena of the inanimate universe, without the need for an Intelligent Designer. Darwinism is a theory of evolution based on natural selection, whereas evolution is the change in the genetic makeup of a population through time. This is the primary distinction between Darwinism and evolution. Darwinism explains how organic evolution leads to speciation. Numerous animal species develop from a single or a small number of common progenitors.
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If a geneticist describes a trait as being 70% penetrant, what would they mean? - Individuals with the trait show variation in expression. - It is lethal in 30% of the individuals who have the trait. - Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait.
- The trait is present in 70% of the population.
The correct answer is C. Only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for a trait express the trait.
Penetrance is a measure of how often an allele or gene is expressed.
For example, if a trait has a penetrance of 70%, it means that 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for that trait express the trait. Penetrance is used to measure the expressivity of a trait, which is how strongly the trait is expressed in an individual.
A trait with a high penetrance is expressed in most individuals who have the allele(s). A trait with a low penetrance is expressed in a much lower proportion of individuals who carry the allele(s).
Thus, when a geneticist describes a trait as being 70% penetrant, they mean that only 70% of the individuals who carry the allele(s) for that trait express the trait.
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The mean division time for bacteria population C is 20 minutes. Calculate how many bacteria will be present after 4 hours, when starting with 50 bacteria
The average time for dividing the population of C bacteria is 20 minutes. A lot of bacteria will be there after 4 hours, if you start with 50 bacteria is 204,800.
BacteriaThe Formula is:N = N0 x 2^(t/d)
Where,
N is the final number of bacteria.
N0 is the initial number of bacteria.
t is the time elapsed.
d is the doubling time.
Solution:N0: 50
t: 4 hours = 240 minutes
d: 20 minutes
N = 50 x 2^(240/20)
= 50 x 2^12
= 50 x 4096
= 204,800
Therefore, after 4 hours, there will be approximately 204,800 bacteria present in the population, starting with an initial population of 50 bacteria.
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The average time for dividing the population of C bacteria is 20 minutes. So after 4 hours, if we start with 50 bacteria, there will be 204,800 bacteria.
What is Bacteria?Bacteria are defined as tiny, single-celled organisms that are millions of different types of bacteria. Many can be found in and on the body and are beneficial to us.
Bacteria divide by the asexual mode of reproduction which is called as Binary fission. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by splitting in two through a process known as cytokinesis, with each new organism receiving a copy of the DNA.
Its division can be calculated by this formula:
[tex]N = N_0 * 2^(^t^/^d^)[/tex]
Where,
N is the final number of bacteria.
[tex]N_0[/tex] is the initial number of bacteria.
t is the time elapsed.
d is the doubling time.
Here,
[tex]N_0[/tex] 50
t: 4 hours = 240 minutes
d: 20 minutes
[tex]N = 50 * 2^(^2^4^0^/^2^0^)[/tex]
[tex]= 50 *2^1^2[/tex]
= 50 x 4096
= 204,800
Therefore, after 4 hours, there will be approximately 204,800 bacteria present in the population, starting with an initial population of 50 bacteria.
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