is this population inbred at this locus? the color morph of one species of salamander is controlled by a single locus with two alleles (allele p
Yes, the salamander population experienced inbreeding with F = 0.433.
p = 0.61
therefore, q = 1 - 0.61 = 0.39 since (p + q = 1)
(p + q) 2 = p2 + 2pq + q2
Expected proportion of heterozygotes without inbreeding = 2pq = 2(0.61)(0.39) = 0.47
Expected proportion of heterozygotes without inbreeding = 47%
Observed (given) heterozygous proportion = 27%
(Let's assume the total population size is 100, then the observed number of heterozygotes, as 27 and the expected number of heterozygotes as 47)
Inbreeding coefficient, F
F = (expected heterozygotes - observed heterozygotes)/expected heterozygotes
F = (47 - 27)/47
F = 0.433
It can be concluded that the population experienced inbreeding.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was:
Is this population inbred at this locus? The color morph of one species of salamander is controlled by a single locus with two alleles (allele p=0.61). If 27% of the salamanders in this population are heterozygous at this locus, can you conclude that this population is experiencing inbreeding? Hint: What is the expected heterozygous proportion with No. inbreeding?
Yes, because F = 0.433Yes, because F = 1Yes, because F = 0.569No, because F = 0The correct answer is the first option.
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green algae are more closely related to plants than they are to kelp. group of answer choices true false
Green algae are more closely related to plants than they are to kelp. True
The Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister, which includes the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta, comprise the green algae (singular: green alga). The land plants (Embryophytes) originated deep inside the Charophyte alga as the Zygnematophyceae's sibling.
Since discovering that Embryophytes evolved inside green algae, several authors have begun to appropriately mention them. The full clade, which contains both green algae and embryophytes, is known as the clade Viridiplantae and the kingdom Plantae.
Green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, the majority of which have two flagella per cell, as well as colonial, coccoid, and filamentous forms, as well as macroscopic, multicellular seaweeds.
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The holdfast of brown algae functions in ______.
The holdfast of brown algae functions in anchoring the algae. They function to secure the organism to the sea floor.
An algal base has a root-like structure called a holdfast. Similar to a plant's root system, a holdfast keeps an alga anchored to the substrate on which it grows, preventing the current from carrying it away.
The term "algae" refers to a class of mainly watery, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the real roots, stems, and leaves of plants as well as their specialised multicellular reproductive structures. A known 50% carbon dioxide fixation rate for algae. They raise the oxygen level in their surroundings because they are photosynthetic. They are the primary constituents, and numerous creatures depend on them for sustenance. Algae are used to make a variety of commercial goods, including align, etc.
The question is incomplete, find the complete question here
The holdfast of brown algae functions in _____. They function to secure the organism to the sea floor, i.e anchorage.
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how are the x-linked recessive conditions are passed from generation to generation? group of answer choices males and females are affected through their fathers males affected through their fathers males are affected through their mothers males and females are affected through their mothers
A genetic condition or trait can be passed down from parent to child through gene mutations (changes) on the X chromosome through a process known as X-linked recessive inheritance.
A mutation in the gene copy on the single X chromosome, which is present in males (who have only one X chromosome), causes the disorder. The condition can only affect females (who have two X chromosomes) if there is a mutation on both X chromosomes. The daughters are typically unaffected and are known as carriers because one of their X chromosomes has the mutation but the other one is normal if only the father or mother has the mutated X-linked gene. Sons will be impacted if their mother carries the mutated X-linked gene. X-linked recessive diseases cannot be passed from fathers to their sons.
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ivf (in-vitro fertilisation) is a complex procedure involving several steps. the woman takes a drug that will inhibit production of fsh and lh. instead, injections of hormones are given daily to stimulate several ovarian follicles to grow and develop. what are the concentrations of hormones given in these injections?
The concentration of hormones given in injection at daily basis, to stimulate ovarian follicles to grow and develop are Estrogen = 60 pg/ml and HCG= between 1000- 4000 pg/ml. in IVF (in-vitro fertilisation)
To encourage IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) the woman to have at least 4 follicles that are between 14 and 20 mm in diameter. At least eight follicles between 13 and 20 mm would be ideal. A good number (about 8–15) of high-quality eggs are desired. Monitoring is done of the developing follicle sizes and blood hormone levels. The number of follicles is measured using ultrasound. Blood levels of the hormone estrogen are crucial. At the beginning of the cycle, estrogen (or estradiol) levels are typically under 60 pg/ml, and they significantly increase as many follicles form. Peak estradiol concentrations with HCG injection during IVF typically range between 1000 and 4000 pg/ml. Typically, the stimulating phase lasts 8 to 10 days. When the follicle measurements and oestrogen levels are optimal for a good outcome, the HCG injection is administered. The ultimate egg maturation must be induced by the HCG injection.
The egg retrieval procedure is scheduled to take place 34 to 35 hours following the HCG injection, just before the woman's body may begin to release the eggs (ovulate). sometimes given an injectable medicine that contains follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), or a combination of both to activate your ovaries. These drugs encourage the simultaneous development of several eggs.
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At the end of mitosis, the two daughter cells will be exact copies of the original cell. Each daughter cell will have______ chromosomes.
Answer:
30
Explanation:
the process of removing antibody from serum by combining a serum sample with appropriate red blood cells under optimal conditions is called:
The process of removing antibodies from serum by combining a serum sample with appropriate red blood cells under optimal conditions is called adsorption or absorption.
This process involves exposing the serum sample to red blood cells that are specifically selected to match the antibodies present in the serum. The antibodies will then bind to the red blood cells, effectively removing them from the serum. This process is typically carried out under controlled conditions to ensure optimal binding of the antibodies to the red blood cells. The resulting serum is then referred to as "adsorbed" or "absorbed" serum and is free of the antibodies that were present in the original sample. Adsorption is an important step in many laboratory techniques, including blood typing and compatibility testing, as it helps to remove interfering antibodies that can affect test results.
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which of mendel's postulates can only be demonstrated in crosses involving at least two pairs of traits? which of mendel's postulates can only be demonstrated in crosses involving at least two pairs of traits? segregation paired nature of unit factors independent assortment dominance/recessiveness
D. Independent assortment. The independent assortment law of Mendel is this. An example of this law in action is a dihybrid cross between two characteristics with separate chromosomal locations.
Mendel was able to show the separate segregation of the hereditary variables controlling the precise manifestation of the same trait by the use of a monohybrid cross, such as Aa X Aa. A dihybrid test cross, which takes into account two separate genes during a cross between two heterozygote parents, is the ideal method for producing such an example. The distribution of the two genes' alleles into gametes is predicted by Mendel's concept of independent assortment.
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Which of Mendel's postulates can only be demonstrated in crosses involving at least two pairs of traits?
A. Unit factors
B. Dominance and recessiveness
C. Segregation
D. Independent assortment
cells called transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the tissues and the lungs.
The oxygen is taken up by red blood cells, who then carry it to the body's cells. Erythrocytes, also referred to as red blood cells, carry oxygen to your body's tissues.
What is responsible for carrying carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs?There are three ways that carbon dioxide is moved from peripheral tissues back to the lungs via the bloodstream: Gas that has been dissolved, bicarbonate, and carbaminohemoglobin bound to haemoglobin are all present (and other proteins).
What moves both carbon dioxide and oxygen?All vertebrates have haemoglobin (Hb), an iron-containing metalloprotein, in their red blood cells. Hemoglobin's primary job is to transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs after carrying oxygen to various bodily tissues for energy metabolism.
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you are a collection of neurons and your primary responsibility is to speed up and/or slow down the heart and lungs. matter of fact, without you the heart would not beat and your lungs would not breath. you are the:
The structure which is collection of neurons and primary responsibility is to speed up or slow down heart and lungs is medulla.
The foramen magnum, a hole at the base of your skull, is where your medulla, the bottommost portion of your brain, connects to your spinal cord. Your pons is directly beneath the core brain regions of your brain, immediately above the medulla.
The bottom of the brainstem, known as the medulla oblongata, is involved in controlling your breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and swallowing.
The brain stem's medulla oblongata, where a medullary stroke occurs, is where it occurs. Many of your body's involuntary activities are carried out by this area of your brain, which also transmits messages from the brain to the spinal cord. Paralysis and difficulty with coordination are two severe signs of a medullary stroke.
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In the 1800’s, Gregor Mendel studied the genetics of pea plants. His findings led him to develop the laws of heredity. One of these laws is known as the Law of Segregation. During fertilization, gametes from each parent combine to create a zygote. The Law of Segregation explains that during their formation, each gamete receives one allele for each of the parent's traits. What process creates the gametes described in the Law of Segregation?
In eukaryotes, meiosis the process through which gametes, or reproductive cells, are produced is when genes are segregated.
How is meiosis responsible for the Law of Segregation?The genotypes (allele combinations) and phenotypes (observable traits) of progeny from genetic crosses can be predicted using a Punnett square.
The second inheritance law is the law of segregation. According to this law, a pair of alleles separate from one another during meiosis cell division (gamete formation), resulting in a single allele being present in each gamete.
Therefore, each gamete produced by an organism has a single gene copy that is chosen at random. This is referred to as the segregation law.
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what is the difference between clamp-type and chamber-type chaperone proteins? select one: a. one type is found extracellularly and one intracellularly. b. one uses atp and the other does not. c. they are shaped differently. d. one folds proteins, whereas the other just protects them from unfolding.
Option D is correct. Both use ATP, but only one uses it. There are different classes of molecular chaperones, to help large proteins fold properly during or after synthesis as well as following partial denaturation.
Protein translocation for proteolysis involves chaperones as well. Some chaperone systems act as foldases, assisting in the ATP-dependent folding of proteins (such as the GroEL/GroES or the DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE systems). While the majority of newly synthesized proteins can fold without chaperones, a small percentage strictly needs them for the same. Other chaperones, such as DnaJ or Hsp33, function as holdases; they bind folding intermediates to stop them from aggregating.
Chaperones can also function as disaggregases, interacting with abnormal protein assemblies and breaking them down into monomers. Some chaperones can aid in the breakdown of proteins, directing them to protease systems like the ubiquitin-proteasome system in eukaryotes.Over half of all mammalian proteins fold with the assistance of chaperone proteins.
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the genetic code is: redundant. a quadruplet code. comprised of codons which usually differ at the first position.
Codons usually differ at the first position, which provides the opportunity for subtle changes in the genetic code to occur.
The process by which data encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is converted into proteins is governed by the genetic code. It is how the body transforms the DNA instructions into the constituent parts of proteins. Codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides, make up the genetic code (the building blocks of DNA). Twenty amino acids can be coded for by each of the 64 available codons.
Due to the redundancy of the genetic code, many codons can encode the same amino acid. Redundancy makes it possible for changes in codon usage to occur without having an effect on the finished protein, providing some evolutionary flexibility. Similar to a quadruplet code, each codon in the genetic code is made up of four nucleotides.
Understanding the management and regulation of genes and proteins within the cell necessitates a solid understanding of the genetic code.
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The correct question is-
What is the nature of the genetic code and how is it composed of codons?
The vascular tissue of dead tubular cells joined from end to end that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots upwards to the rest of the plant is called the _______.
Answer:
Xylem
Explanation:
xylem vessels
The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are?
The Krebs cycle, glycolysis, as well as the electron transport chain, in which oxidative phosphorylation takes place, are the three main stages of cellular respiration.
The most significant metabolic pathways in humans are glycolysis and glucose oxidation for ATP production. Acetyl-CoA oxidation in the citric acid cycle produces GTP and useful intermediates. disposal of a electrons published by glycolysis acid cycle through oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis, this same citric acid cycle, as well as the electron transport chain are three distinct metabolic pathways that work together to form cellular respiration. While another two pathways are aerobic, glycolysis is anaerobic. Oxygen and glucose are transformed into carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration. By-products of the process include carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, which is transformed into energy.
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Consider the scenario.
Scientists have developed a computer program that can be used
to predict when volcanoes will erupt.
What type of scientific model is this?
Answer:
mathematical model
Explanation:
the thyrocervical artery participates in the posterior formation of the circle of willis. group of answer choices true false
The response is true. The circle of Willis's posterior formation includes the thyrocervical artery.
It originates from the aorta's subclavian artery, which is a branch of it. The thyroid gland and other neck muscles and structures are all given blood by it. Additionally, it nourishes the brachial plexus, the shoulder joint, and the posterior section of the spinal column by its branches. Blood is supplied to the thyroid gland and neck muscles by the thyrocervical artery, a branch of the subclavian artery. The thyrocervical artery splits off the subclavian artery to form the cervicothoracic (or costocervical) trunk, which includes it.
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Amphibians are animals that live on land.
Is that true or false?
which choice describes a strategy used to help restore cod populations?
Limiting the size of fishing fleets and captures is the method used to aid in the restoration of cod populations. The right answer is A.
What are populations of cod?Atlantic cod, a fish that was crucial to New England's economy, is now being fished at historically low levels, and after many years of overfishing, New England cod appears to be recovering.
Since the IUCN has listed species like cod, haddock, and grouper as endangered, many people are wary about eating fish. Another concern for divers is the fish that are associated with high bycatch rates. At this location, dolphins and turtles are unintentionally killed in the nets.
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Question:Which choice describes a strategy used to help restore cod populations?
limit the size of fishing fleets and catches
restrict fishing to trawling nets
allow fishermen to harvest from protected areas when necessary
harvest only very young fish
what factors in an ecosystem can impact the carrying capacity?
The factors in an ecosystem that can impact the carrying capacity are adequate food, shelter, water, and mates.
The typical population size of a species in a given habitat is referred to as carrying capacity. It's factors like sufficient food, shelter, water, and mates impacts the ecosystem greatly. The population will decline until the resource recovers if these needs are not supplied.
The term "ecosystem" is frequently used in biological and environmental investigations. It is generally understood to be a system or society that contains all naturally occurring live species as well as their non-living byproducts. These elements all interact with one another, either directly or indirectly, to keep the ecological equilibrium.
A colony or group of living things that coexist and interact in a particular habitat is the most basic definition of an ecosystem.
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Please help me thank you I need helppppppppppppp
Condition 2 represent the loss of water in enviornment.
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis is the naturally occurring diffusion or passage of water or other solvents over a semipermeable membrane (one that prevents the passage of solutes, or dissolved compounds).
The crucial biological mechanism was initially in-depth investigated in 1877 by German plant physiologist Wilhelm Pfeffer. Previous researchers had conducted less precise examinations of leaky membranes (such as animal bladders) and the transport of water and escape chemicals through them in opposite directions.
Thomas Graham, a British chemist, coined the term "osmose," which is still used to refer to the process, in 1854.
Therefore, Condition 2 represent the loss of water in enviornment.
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what happens to the embryos in the clinic that are not implanted
Embryos that are not implanted during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments in a clinic typically undergo one of several outcomes.
One option is to store the embryos in a cryopreservation facility, where they are preserved in a frozen state until the patient is ready to use them. This allows the patient to avoid having to repeat the IVF process in the future, and can also provide the opportunity for the patient to have additional children using the same embryos.
Another option is to donate the embryos to another couple or individual who is seeking treatment. This is known as embryo donation, and it allows the embryos to be used for another couple's pregnancy. This can be a valuable option for couples who have extra embryos and who wish to help others in their journey to parenthood.
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canada is home to a temperate rainforest named after which animal?.
A temperate rain forest covering 6.4 million hectares, the Great Bear Rainforest is located on British Columbia, Canada's Pacific coast. The biggest coastal temperate rainforest in the world, it is a part of the larger Pacific temperate rainforest ecoregion.
What are rainforests?
The characteristics of rainforests include a closed, continuous tree canopy, vegetation that depends on rainfall, the presence of lianas and epiphytes, and the absence of wildfires. Tropical and temperate rainforests are just two of the many varieties of rainforest. According to estimates, between 40% and 75% of all biotic species are indigenous to rainforests. Millions of unidentified species of plants, animals, and microorganisms may exist in tropical rainforests.
One-fourth of all known natural cures are found in tropical rainforests, which have been referred to as the "world's largest pharmacy" and the "jewels of the Earth."
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Which part of a DNA molecule holds the code for proteins? A. Phosphate groups B. Hydrogen bonds C. Deoxyribose D. Nitrogen bases
The code for proteins is held in the sequence of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule. Here option D is the correct answer.
DNA is composed of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These nitrogen bases pair up in a specific way, forming the rungs of the DNA ladder and creating a sequence of code that contains the instructions for building proteins.
The nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule determine the amino acid sequence of a protein, which in turn determines the protein's unique structure and function. The specific sequence of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule is known as a gene.
When a gene is activated, it is transcribed into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information to ribosomes in the cell. The ribosomes then use the information in the mRNA to build the protein according to the code held in the sequence of nitrogen bases.
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Select all of the following that are components of the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.a. Phospholipidsb. Proteins
Both phospholipids and proteins are components of the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.
The plasma membrane, also known as the cytoplasmic membrane, is a thin and flexible barrier that surrounds the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. It is composed of a lipid bilayer, made up of phospholipids, which acts as a barrier to the free movement of molecules in and out of the cell. Proteins are also found in the plasma membrane and play important roles in maintaining the structure and function of the membrane, including transport of molecules across the membrane, communication with other cells, and recognition by the immune system. Both phospholipids and proteins are essential components of the plasma membrane and play crucial roles in maintaining the integrity and function of prokaryotic cells.
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which of the following statements about gene probe technology is false? a. gene probe technology has been used only since 2000. b. the virapap test is a commercially available gene probe test for detecting human papilloma virus (hpv), the virus that causes genital warts. c. a similar technique can be used to conduct water-quality tests based on the detection of coliform bacteria such as e. coli. d. gene probes and pcr have been useful is in the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (h1v).
Gene probe technology has been used since the 1980s and is a method of detecting specific DNA or RNA sequences in a sample by hybridizing with a complementary probe. Here option A is the correct answer.
Gene probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been used in the detection of many different diseases and pathogens, including human papillomavirus (HPV), coliform bacteria, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
The virapap test is an example of a commercially available gene probe test for detecting HPV. A similar technique can be used to conduct water-quality tests based on the detection of coliform bacteria such as E. coli. Therefore, statement A is false: Gene probe technology has been used only since 2000.
Complete question:
Which of the following statements about gene probe technology is false?
A. Gene probe technology has been used only since 2000.
B. The virapap test is a commercially available gene probe test for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes genital warts.
C. A similar technique can be used to conduct water-quality tests based on the detection of coliform bacteria such as E. coli.
D. Gene probes and PCR have been useful in the detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Which word describes the majority of permanent genetic mutations?
answer choices
Helpful
Minor
Injurious
Beneficial
Minor word describes the majority of permanent genetic mutations therefore the correct option is B.
Minor mutations are small changes in the inheritable law that can have a wide range of goods on the organism. Minor mutations can range from having no effect to causing a slight change in the organism's phenotype. They can also have a positive effect, similar as adding the organism's resistance to complaint or perfecting
Its capability to acclimatize to an ever- changing terrain. In some cases, minor mutations can indeed be salutary, furnishing an evolutionary advantage. On the other hand, some minor mutations can be pernicious, leading to physical or internal diseases, or indeed death.
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A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to?
Malaria is a tropical, mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasitic protist, Plasmodium. The species P. falciparum is particularly deadly, killing about 1 million people each year. There has been considerable debate over the origin of this species. Use this recent phylogenetic evidence to determine if P. falciparum originated from another strain of Plasmodium in humans, in chimpanzees, or in gorillas. Explain your reasoning. a. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in gorillas because P. falciparum shares a most recent common ancestor with Plasmodium in gorillas. b. P. falciparum originated independently from all of these Plasmodium species. c. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in chimpanzees because P. falciparum shares a most major common ancestor with Plasmodium in chimpanzees. d. P. falciparum originated from Plasmodium in humans because P. falciparum has originally developed from the common strain of humans and from this strain developed all Plasmodium species, including P. falciparum.
Because P. falciparum and Plasmodium in gorillas have a most recent common ancestor, the two parasites are related.
Is malaria a parasitic protist-borne illness spread by tropical mosquitoes?Anopheles mosquitoes spread the parasite disease malaria, which is carried by them. The parasite Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is a single-celled parasite that reproduces both in human red blood cells and in the stomach of mosquitoes. It is neither a virus nor a bacteria.
What is the origin of Plasmodium falciparum?Humans first developed Plasmodium falciparum after getting the parasite from a gorilla. The parasite lineage Plasmodium vivax is bottlenecked and descended from African apes. Within the gorilla parasite radiation, falciparum established a monophyletic lineage.
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starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all polymers of the monosaccharide?
Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all polymers of glucose.
Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all polymers of glucose as they are different at the type of glucose present and the bonds by which they are linked to glucose monomers . Starch and glycogen are composed of alpha-glucose. Polysaccharides are also large polymers made up of tens to thousands of monosaccharides linked to each other by glycosidic linkages. Hence , the three most abundant polysaccharides are starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Also ,Polysaccharides, or glycans, are made up of hundreds of monosaccharide monomers joined together with glycosidic bonds. Starch and glycogen are common examples of polysaccharides and they works as a storage in form of glucose in plants and animals.
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