Arthropods are the most numerous animals on Earth and the traits which probably made the smallest contribution to their success is option E. Specialization of different appendages
Invertebrate creatures known as arthropods have a striated appearance, an exoskeleton, and paired jointed legs. The phylum Arthropoda is made up of arthropods. They can be identified by their joined limbs and chitin-based cuticle, which is frequently mineralized with calcium carbonate.
The arthropods' extraordinary adaptability and success is the reason for their great diversity. Arthropods may be found in almost every environment and niche on earth because to the evolution of a wide variety of appendages, including antennae, claws, wings, and mouthparts.
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what process anterior and inferior to the greater tubercle of the humerus; muscle attachment point?
On the front of the humerus, beneath the head, is where the smaller tuberosity is situated. There is a groove called the bicipital (intertubercular) groove between the two tuberosities.
What muscles connect to the humerus' greater tubercle?Three imprints that act as the attachment places for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles are seen on the superior face of the larger tubercle.
Where does the humerus connect to the body?The shoulder girdle, also known as the pectoral girdle, which is made up of the scapula and clavicle bones, connects the proximal end of the humerus to the axial skeleton. The glenoid fossa (cavity) of the scapula accommodates the rounded humeral head.
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antigen-antibody complexes trapped in tissues and triggering complement activation or mast cell degranulation are characteristic of
Antigen-antibody complexes are an important part of the immune system, playing a major role in defending the body from foreign invaders.
What do antigen-antibody complexes do?
Antigen-antibody complexes can be found trapped in tissues, where they are capable of triggering complement activation or mast cell degranulation. This process is essential for the body to effectively respond to and eliminate any foreign material that might be present. By understanding how these antigen-antibody complexes interact with their environment, researchers can gain insight into how the immune system works and develop better treatments for diseases caused by these complexes.
Antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, or other molecules that are recognized by the immune system as foreign or potentially dangerous. When an antigen binds to its corresponding antibody, it triggers an immune response that helps protect the body from infection by producing antibodies to fight off the invading microorganism or virus.
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do you really understand meiosis and non-disjunction? try these questions: 1. if an individual has the genotype xxy, did non-disjunction occur in their mother or their father (or both) and at which division(s), meiosis i or meiosis ii?
The genotype of the mother is XX, while that of the father is XY. If a non-disjunction occurred in an individual with the genotype XXX, it would occur in her mother since only from her mother could she acquire two Xs, but from her father, a non-disjunction would result in a XXY.
This non-disjunction occurred during meiosis I, when two copies of the same chromosome are transferred to separate cells. During this phase, the separation of these two chromosomes did not occur since they were both Xs from the mother brought together to the new haploid cell.
The non-disjunction on meiosis II simply indicates that two chromatids from a chromosome did not split and does not result in copies.
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beta-sheets are a type of secondary structure and are found in every protein. T/F
Not every protein contains beta-sheet secondary structure. Proteins can have a variety of secondary structures such as alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and turns. The type of secondary structure present in a protein depends on the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.
(False)
Key points:
Beta-sheet is a type of secondary structure in proteins, along with alpha-helices.Beta-sheets are composed of beta-strands, which are extended chains of amino acids.Beta-strands are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the nitrogen of another amino acid several residues down the chain.Beta-sheets can be formed between beta-strands running parallel or antiparallel to each other.Beta-sheets contribute to the overall three-dimensional structure of proteins, helping to give the protein its specific shape and stability.Not all proteins contain beta-sheet secondary structure, as the type of secondary structure depends on the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.Beta-sheets play a role in protein-protein interactions, and can also participate in the formation of beta-sheet-rich aggregates in diseases such as Alzheimer's and prion disorders.Learn more about protein here:
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located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna
Answer:
olecranon fossa
Explanation:
The olecranon fossa is located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna.
based on your understanding of the chapter material and the information in the passage, the speed of bacteria, compared with archaeans, is determined by .
The right answer is e. Viruses are made up of nucleoproteins. They are simple in structure, with a nucleic acid core of either DNA or RNA (never both) wrapped by a protein covering known as a capsid.
A virus may have double-stranded DNA, as in Adenovirus, which is typically linear, or circular DNA, as in Papova virus. Parvoviruses are made up of single-stranded DNA. Rotavirus is a double stranded RNA virus, whereas Rabies and Influenza viruses are single stranded RNA viruses. Although not all viruses have envelopes, some do, such as Mumps virus and Lipovirus
Virus replication is dependent on the host cell since the proteins and enzymes needed come from the host cell. Viruses must thus contain a capsid and a nucleic acid, which might be double-stranded or single-stranded, circular or linear, and DNA or RNA. Virophages are double-stranded DNA viruses that infect larger viruses.
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Full Question ;
Based on your understanding of the chapter material and the information in the passage, which of the following best defines something as a virus? Are virophages a type of virus or something different?
a. It must have a capsid and double-stranded or single-stranded DNA. Virophages are therefore a type of virus.
b. It must have a capsid and a linear nucleic acid that encodes replication enzymes. Virophages are therefore not a type of virus.
c. It must have an envelope, capsid, and nucleic acid, which can be double-stranded or single-stranded, and DNA or RNA. Virophages are therefore not a type of virus.
d. It must have a capsid and linear nucleic acid. Virophages are therefore a type of virus.
e. It must have a capsid and a nucleic acid, which can be double-stranded or single-stranded, circular or linear, and DNA or RNA. Virophages are therefore a type of virus.
f. It must have a capsid and single-stranded nucleic acid. Virophages are therefore not a type of virus.
what is it aboutbiography of ottmar mergenthaler and the history of linotype, its invention and development
Ottmar Mergenthaler was a German-American inventor best known for inventing the Linotype machine, a mechanical typesetting machine that revolutionized the printing industry by greatly increasing the speed and efficiency of typesetting.
The Linotype machine quickly gained widespread popularity and was widely adopted in newspaper and publishing industries, leading to significant improvements in productivity. Mergenthaler continued to improve and refine the Linotype machine throughout his career and the machine remained in widespread use until the advent of computers and digital typesetting in the late 20th century.
Key points:
Mergenthaler was born in Germany in 1854 and immigrated to the US in 1872.He invented the Linotype machine in 1886 and patented it the same year.The Linotype machine allowed type to be cast in a line, hence its name, which greatly increased the speed and efficiency of typesetting.The machine worked by inputting text via a keyboard and casting the corresponding letters in a line of molten metal.The Linotype machine was widely adopted in the newspaper and publishing industries and significantly improved productivity.Mergenthaler continued to refine and improve the Linotype machine throughout his career.The Linotype machine remained in widespread use until the advent of computers and digital typesetting in the late 20th century.Today, the Linotype machine is considered a historical artifact and a testament to Mergenthaler's impact on the printing industry.
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what happens to the chromosomes during metaphase? are there two copies or a single copy of each chromosome?
During metaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell and there two copies of each chromosomes.
There are two copies of each chromosome, also known as sister chromatids, held together at the centromere. The centrosomes, which are located at the poles of the cell, create the mitotic spindle that helps to pull the sister chromatids apart. As the sister chromatids align at the equator, the kinetochores on the centromere attach to the spindle fibers.
As the cell progresses through metaphase, the sister chromatids remain connected until the cell undergoes anaphase. During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This process of separation creates two identical sets of chromosomes, which will be used to create two daughter cells.
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The geological time scale shows the history of the Earth using information we've gathered from fossils. It is divided into different eras. How are each era divided?
A. By using relative dating
B. By using the Law of Superposition
C. By changes in biodiversity
D. By every 5 billion years
please explain why you those this answer
By using relative dating it is divided into different eras. The correct option is A.
What is relative dating?Without knowing the exact ages of the rocks or geologic events, or how long ago they were formed, relative dating is the process of establishing whether one rock or geologic event is older or younger than another.
Relative dating techniques determine whether an object is more recent or more antiquated than other items discovered nearby.
Relative dating does not provide precise dates; rather, it merely shows which item, fossil, or stratigraphic stratum is older.
The Earth's history is depicted on the geological time scale using data we've learned from fossils. It is separated into various eras by relative dating.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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anything that has mass and volume is blank
Answer:
matter
Explanation:
In science, matter is defined as anything that has mass and volume. Both mass and volume also measure different aspects of matter.
Mass: the amount of matter in some object
Volume: the 3-dimensional space occupied by matter
why do germinating seeds undergo cellular respiration
Cells can convert available nutrient materials in to the energy through cellular respiration processes. As seeds germinate, cellular respiration takes place because seeds need energy to grow and develop.
In the process of cellular respiration, which occurs in germination seeds, this same carbon dioxide released is directly inversely proportional to the oxygen absorbed by the seed. The calcium carbonate (solid) that results from this reaction between the carbon dioxide and CaO lowers the volume of fuel in the tube as well as permits the water to rise. To get the energy they require to grow and develop, pea seeds go through cell respiration. Sugars are metabolised within cells to produce energy through a process known as respiration. In the seeds, structures referred to as cotyledons house the respired sugars.
(Why do germinating seeds undergo cellular respiration?)
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Helpppp please ( protein synthesis test)
The process in the image is translation, which occurs in the ribosomes, the template is a messenger RNA or mRNA while the final product is a protein.
What is the cell process of translation?The cell process of translation refers to the generation of a protein in the ribosomes by using a RNA as template which s called mRNA.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cell process of translation is based on the use of a messenger RNA template to create a protein sequence that will be sued in the cell.
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True or False? rna catalysis can be selected in laboratory experiments.
True, RNA catalysis can be chosen in lab experiments.It was unexpected to find catalytic RNA because, at first glance, RNA doesn't seem like it would make a good catalyst.
The discovery nearly thirty years ago that RNA can catalyze reactions with abilities comparable to protein enzymes disproved a core biological tenet that RNA serves only as a simple carrier molecule between DNA and proteins.
The active role of RNA as a biological catalyst is seen in the catalytic core of the ribosome and spliceosome, as well as the self-splicing of group I and group II introns. These discoveries, combined with RNA's inherent ability to function as both an effective information carrier and a useful macromolecule, prompted the concept of an RNA world.
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why are colonies important in the study of microbiology?
Colonies are very important in the study of microbiology as they allow us to identify the microorganisms.
A colony is basically what we call a group of microbes which are derived from the same mother cell. This basically means that one single mother cell reproduces in order to produce a group of cells that are genetically identical and this group of genetically identical cells form a mass, which is called a colony.
The morphology of these colonies are able to give scientists information regarding how a particular microbe which has replicated into a group that are sharing the same genes. Studying a particular colony microbes aids the microbiologists in identifying the microbe.
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protein complementarity is the practice of combining sources of protein such that amino acid deficiencies in one source are counterbalanced by abundances in another source.
Protein complementation is when you combine two vegetable proteins to get all 9 amino acids that are essential for your body.
In general , main protein sources are grains and legumes they are also known as complementary proteins sources reason is when these two are combined they will provide all of the essential amino acids. Like wise Nuts and seeds are also considered as complementary to legumes because they contain important amino acid like tryptophan, methionine, and cystine.
Hence , Mutual supplementation is term used when we combine two or more lacking protein sources to make a complete protein. Examples includes Lentils or legumes combined with grains, nuts or dairy also Grain foods with dairy products.
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the ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body’s fluid levels.
The pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate the body’s fluid levels.
Pituitary gland is a very small-sized endocrine gland present at the base of the brain. It is divided into two segments: anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. The hormones secreted by pituitary are involved in controlling other endocrine glands. The hormones secreted from pituitary are: luteinizing hormone, oxytocin. vasopressin, Growth hormone, prolactin, etc.
Hormones are the chemical messengers that are released by parts of the body called endocrine glands. The hormones are released directly into the blood stream and regulate various functions of the body. The example of hormones are: insulin, growth hormone, glucagon, oxytocin, testosterone, etc.
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the hypothalamus has neurosecretory neurons that produce the hormone
GnRH is produced by neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus.
How do hormones work?Your body uses hormones as chemical messengers. They go to organs or tissues through your circulation. They impact several processes, including growth and development, and work gradually over time. How your body converts food into energy is through metabolism.
How do hormones affect the body?The majority of the hormones that your body produces are produced and released by specialized glands that are part of your endocrine system. An organ that produces hormones, digestive fluids, perspiration, or tears is referred to as a gland. Hormones are directly released into the circulation by endocrine glands.
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Which of the following statements about color processing is correct?a. DNA RNAThe location of the cytoplasm of the nucleusb. DNA RNAStructure of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, nitrogenous basec. DNA RNAFunctions of protein synthesis Protein synthesis and degradationd. DNA RNALevels affected by protein synthesis activity were not affected by protein synthesis activity
All of the claims made about colour processing are false. The claims have nothing to do with colour processing and instead deal with DNA and RNA, protein synthesis, and protein synthesis activity.
The process by which the visual system recognises and understands colour information from the environment is known as colour processing. The beginning of the process is when light enters the eye; this light has various wavelengths that correlate to various colours. Cones are specialised retinal cells that are responsible for detecting these wavelengths. We can see a broad variety of colours because there are three separate types of cones, each of which is sensitive to a different range of wavelengths. Different neural circuits in the brain process the cone impulses, enabling humans to recognise varying colours, saturation, and brightness. A crucial and intricate component of eyesight that affects how we see the world around us is colour processing.
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A researcher uses imaging tools to determine that a bacterial cell is 1 micrometer in diameter. For this measurement to be accurate, what must be true? A. It must be repeated multiple times. B. It must contain the fewest possible significant figures. OC. It must be close to the actual value. D. It must be made using very small units.
A researcher uses imaging tools to determine that a bacterial cell is 1 micrometer in diameter. For this measurement to be accurate, the measurement must be made using very small units. Thus, the correct option is D.
What are measurements?Measurement is the quantification of different attributes of an object or any event, which can be used to compare with the other different objects or events.
Measurement is a process of determining how the large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a reference quantity of the same kind. These quantities are measured in units. The small measurements like diameter of a cell should be measured through using very small units.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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how do transcription factors and signaling molecules relate to the concepts of autonomous and conditional specification?
Transcription factors as well as signaling molecules play an important role in autonomous and conditional specification as especially conditional specification is dependent on external influences in the determination of the cell fate.
In autonomous specification if a particular blastomere is first removed from an embryo early which is in its development, then that isolated blastomere will be able to produce the same cells which it would have made if it were not removed from the embryo.
Conditional specification basically involves the development of reversible cell fate due to external influences. Transcription factors as well as signaling molecules are the ones which influence a cell's fate during conditional specification.
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regions of the brain where neural activity is momentarily relatively high (i.e., where neurons are firing a lot, processing incoming information and/or actions) are characterized by:
Regions of the brain where neural activity is momentarily relatively high are characterized by increased regional blood flow.
Аlthough the humаn brаin аccounts for only аbout 2% of the body weight, it consumes neаrly 20% of the oxygen we extrаct from the аir we breаthe. This dependence of the brаin on oxygen is highlighted by the fаct thаt fаilure of oxygen delivery to the brаin, usuаlly the result of а stoppаge of the heаrt, results in unconsciousness within seconds. Аn exаminаtion of the relаtionship between oxygen delivery to the brаin аnd flowing blood regionаlly within the highlights the nаture of this dependency.
The signаl used by PET to mаp chаnges in neurаl аctivity in the humаn brаin is bаsed on locаl chаnges in blood flow). Increаsed neurаl аctivity in а locаl brаin region increаses blood flow in thаt region.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full options were
A. increased regional blood flow
B. decreased cerebrospinal fluid production
C. a high degree of myelination
D. greater concentrations of proteins
E. postsynaptic depression
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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How might distributions of mosquito-transmitted diseases, such as malaria or west nile virus, be influenced by human activity and climate change over the next 50-100 years?
According to studies, rising temperatures brought on by climate change can hasten mosquito growth, biting rates, and virus illness incubation.
Long-distance viral movement may shift as a result of how climate change affects bird nesting and migratory timing. Illnesses that are transmitted by a mosquito bite are referred to as mosquito-borne diseases. Mosquitoes can transmit the Zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue, as well as malaria to humans. Both employers and employees should take precautions against illnesses that mosquitoes carry. In contrast to West Nile virus, which is a single-stranded RNA infection that infects West Nile fever, plasmodium is a mosquito-borne illness brought on by Plasmodium parasites. West Nile disease and malaria are both spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes.
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explain what phylogeny and phylogenetic trees are, describing the different components of phylogenetic trees, how they are constructed, and the types of data used.
Phylogeny: an evolutionary tree that shows the similarities and differences between species.
Phylogenetic tree: the tree that shows hypotheses about relationships between species.
Different components: species are related through their evolutionary history through the use of branches.
phylogenetic trees are made up of species that branch off of a common ancestor. Each node represents how closely the species are related.
data used: how species relate to a common ancestor, time, and divergence.
In biology, what is a phylogeny?A phylogenetic tree, also known as a phylogeny, is a diagram that shows the evolutionary paths of several species, creatures, or genes from a common ancestor.
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if you crossed a true-breeding yellow-seed plant (aa) with a heterozygous yellow-seed plant (aa), offspring what would you expect? (aa) individuals would be green.
The offspring of a cross between a true-breeding yellow-seed plant (AA) and a heterozygous yellow-seed plant (Aa) would be expected to produce a 1:1 ratio of yellow-seeded and green-seeded plants.
The true-breeding yellow-seed plant (AA) is homozygous for the dominant allele (A) that codes for yellow seeds, while the heterozygous yellow-seed plant (Aa) is carrying one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a) for the same gene.
When the two plants are crossed, each offspring will receive one allele from each parent, resulting in half of the offspring having the genotype AA (yellow seeds) and half having the genotype Aa (yellow seeds).
The recessive allele (a) codes for green seeds, and when it is present in the heterozygous Aa genotype, it will be expressed and result in green-seeded plants. Therefore, the offspring of this cross would be expected to have a 1:1 ratio of yellow-seeded (AA and Aa) and green-seeded (aa) plants.
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the genetic foundation of a particular phenotype that includes contributions of dna from both parents. state of true or false.
1. true
2. false
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separates proteins on the basis of which two properties?
The traditional technique for separating proteins based on their charge (isoelectric focusing, IEF) and size is called two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE).
A lab procedure called electrophoresis is used to divide DNA, RNA, or protein molecules according to their size and electrical charge. The molecules are moved through a gel or other matrix using an electric current. Smaller molecules can travel more quickly than larger ones thanks to pores in the gel or matrix, which function as a sieve.
The procedure of electrophoresis involves passing a current across a gel that contains the target molecules. Depending on their size and charge, the molecules will flow through the gel in various directions or at various rates, enabling them to be separated from one another.
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Hey student examines the globe shown in the picture what are two benefits of using this globe as a model of earth
Two benefits of using this globe as a model of the earth are that it gives a visual representation and also gives the accurate proportions of the earth, which help scientists and students understand the earth.
What is the significance of the globe as an earth model?A globe provides an accurate representation of the earth, such as the relative sizes of land masses and oceans, and helps people understand the earth, while a globe provides a visual representation of the earth's shape, size, and geographical features, too.
Hence, two benefits of using this globe as a model of the earth are that it gives a visual representation and also gives the accurate proportions of the earth, which help scientists and students understand the earth.
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13.
14.
12-18. Fill in the missing terms in the chart below: il Snustu out to asm.loidini og
Major Event(s) of Stage
production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary
(15)
12.
Menstrual Cycle Stage
2. Ovulation (16)
omnior gaiv
word Bank.
"Menstruation.
Follicular Phase
Luteal Phase.
Corpus luteum
Progesterone.
Follicles.
called
enlarging follicle produces estrogen which causes the
uterus to get ready for embryo implantation (thickens its
lining)
--
yellow tissue fills the follicle after ovulation
-- called the
(17) "yellow
body" -- secretes the hormone
(18) which maintains the thickness of the uterine lining,
thus readying the uterus for pregnancy
olov- periodic shedding of the thickened lining of the uterus
which occurs if fertilization does not occur
2
The production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary is called Follicles. Progesterone is called enlarging follicle produces estrogen which causes the uterus to get ready for embryo implantation (thickens its lining).
What is Menstruation?Menstruation is defined as the menstrual cycle of a person which involves the shedding of endometrium which is the lining of the uterus that occurs throughout the reproductive life of a person.
Corpus luteum is called the "yellow body" which secretes the hormone which is the yellow tissue fills the follicle after ovulation. When the egg is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed during menstruation. The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days.
Thus, the production of ova occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary is called Follicles.
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A student notices that the fish in his saltwater aquarium have begun to get sick. He checks the aquarium and finds that the water's
salinity is at 37 parts per thousand (ppt), which is too high. The student adjusts the salinity to 32 ppt, which is the ideal value for his
aquarium. By how much did the student change the water's salinity?
0.86 ppt
5 ppt
69 ppt
1,443 ppt
If a student notices that the fish in his saltwater aquarium have begun to get sick. The amount that the student change the water's salinity is 5 ppt.
How to find the water salinity?Using this formula to find the amount that the student change the water's salinity
Change of water salinity = High water salinity - Adjusted salinity
Let plug in the formula
Change of water salinity = 37 ppt - 32 ppt
Change of water salinity = 5 ppt
There the student changed the water's salinity by 5 ppt.
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What are the three types of non dividing plant tissue that account for the fiber found in plants. Give an example of each.
Each organ (roots, stems, and leaves) include all three tissue types (ground, vascular, and dermal).
What are the functions of plant tissues?Plant tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function in a plant body. Every plant tissue has a distinctive function and can be united with different tissues to form organs like roots, stalks, leaves, and flowers.
Ground tissue makes up most of the interior of a plant. It carries out basic metabolic functions and stores food and water. Vascular tissue runs through the ground tissue inside a plant. It consists of bundles of xylem and phloem, which transport fluids throughout the plant.
They differentiate into three main types: dermal, vascular, and ground tissue. Dermal tissue covers and protects the plant. The ground tissue serves as a site for photosynthesis, provides a supporting matrix for the vascular tissue.
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